782 ENG 
their cbrifederates to fere (lain in battle, or perifhed by- 
famine, they feeined to rhultiply like tli'e heads of the 
hydra. In the vicinity of Port-aii-Prince, however, the 
infurgents agreed to an accommodatibn, on condition of 
the obfervan'ce of the late decree; but, about the fame 
time, the Firench legiflatufe thought proper to ahrttil it. 
"When the intelligence of this repeal reached the ifland, 
the nuilattoes ac'cdfed the planters and their adherents of 
infidnouS tinpli'city, and again had recourfe to arms. They 
deftroyed a third part of Port-au-Prince by fife, arid com¬ 
mitted barbarous outrages, which expofed theih, when 
token-, to lev ere retaliation. CommidionerS were lent froth 
France to heal the difbrders of the colony ; but they did 
not fuCceed in their endeavours. A new decree ref pett¬ 
ing equality of privilege was enacted ; and he to delegates 
were fent to enforce it. Thefe rtien behaved in an abfurd 
and arbitrary manner, and difgufted the colonifts by their 
rapacity ahd violence. Having produced by their mif- 
condudt a civil war among the whites', they invited to 
their aid a body of rebel negroes, with, tbus encouraged, 
perpetrated a horrible feries of maflacfes at Cape Francois, 
and in June, 1793, burnt the greater part of the tb'wn. 
The convulfions of the colony induced many of the 
planters to folicit fuccour from the Britifh government; 
and, as they afferted the probability of a fpeedy acquifi- 
tion of the whole French divifion of the ifland, major- 
general Williamfon was ordered to detach an armament 
front Jamaica, to take pofleflion of thofe fettlements which 
the people might be difpofed to furrender. Lieutenant- 
colonel Whitelocke failed in confequence to Jeremie, and 
received the fubmifiion of the inhabitants : the town and 
harbour of St. Nicolas were alfo given up to the Engiifh; 
and to thefe pofFeflions Leogane and other toivns and dif- 
trifts were foon added. An expedition Was undertaken 
for the reduction of Cape Tiburon ; and a bribe was of¬ 
fered to general Lavaux for the furrender of Port de 
Paix. The enterprise fucceeded, and the toWn Was taken 
on the 2d of February, 1794. The fort of Acul Was 
Formed by the Engiifh ; but, at Bompard, they were re¬ 
pelled With lot's. They defended Cape Tiburon againfi 
an army of blacks and mulattoes, who were routed With 
considerable (laughter. The arrival of a reinforcement 
from Great Britain, under brigadier-general Whyte, ele¬ 
vated the hopes of the Engliflt ; and preparations were 
made for the conqtteft of Port-au-Prince. Fort Bizotton 
was attacked by tea with little effect ; but, when aflaulted 
on (lie land fide by a final 1 party under captain Daniel, 
amrdft a violent thunder-ftorm and torrents of rain, it was 
taken at the point of the bayonet; and the town Was foon 
after evacuated. The French commifTiohers intended to 
have let fire to the buildings, and the veffels that were in 
the harbour ; but this haVock Was prevented by the vi¬ 
gilance of the Englith. The unhealthinefs of the climate 
now occafioned a great mortality among the troops, and 
checked the extenfion of their conquefts. They loft Leo¬ 
gane, were feverely harafied in the town of St. Marc and 
at Fort Bizotton, and were deprived of Tiburon by the 
mulatto general Rigaud. 
While thefe operations were going on in the Weft In¬ 
dies, the Englith on the continent of Europe were intent 
on the prefervation of Holland ; but they Were not more 
fortunate in that objeit than they had been in their endea¬ 
vours to fecure the Netherlands to the emperor. When 
Moreau had reduced the ifle of Cadfand and the ftrong 
town of Slugs, Pichegru advanced witlt a numerous U'rmy 
againrt the duke of York, and attacked Boxtel and other 
ports near the river Dommel, from which he diflodged his 
opponents, on the 16th of September, after a Vigorous 
conflict. The fort of Creve-coeur was foon taken ; and 
Bois-le-Duc did not long reft ft the befiegers. The duke 
of York, who had removed to the banks of the Waal, vVas 
again ‘ulfaulied, October 19, and compelled to retire. In 
this engagement, a corps of hiS infantry miftook a body 
of the enemy for a party of frierlds, and being tlttis fur- 
jprifed, buffered a heavy lofs. His royal highnefs now 
a A N D. 
endeavoured to proteft Nimeguen, which was feverely 
hdrafled by a fiege. A fully of the garrifon, though 
iitany of the French were killed on the (pot, proved inef¬ 
ficacious: the batteries played with redoubled fury ; but. 
White forne divifion's of the allies were marching from the 
town, the French, who were favoured by the treachery 
of fome of the inhabitants, were enabled to gain poftef. 
fion of it. Maeftricht fttftained a longer fiege ; but, when 
Kleber threatened a general a (fault, the governor was per- 
fuaded by the inhabitants to capitulate. 
When the French Attacked fort St. Andre and the ad. 
jricent ports, they met with fitch a warm reception, that 
they Were obliged to retreat in confufton ; but, on the re¬ 
newal Of their exertions, they palled the Waal, and feized 
the ftrong port of Tuyl. The duke of York and the uf- 
fociated commanders now ordered an allault upon this 
fta'tion ; and it was executed with great fpirit, the enemy 
haftily re-crofling the frozen river; but, after a ftiort in¬ 
terval, the port was regained by the French. Alarmed at 
their progfefs, the allied generals refolved to make vigor¬ 
ous efforts of ■counteraction. A frelh attack was directed; 
but the enemy anticipated the afiault hy an impetuous 
charge at Geldermalfen, which threw the allies into con- 
fitfidn, though it did not diflodge them. Reflecting on 
the danger to which the fatigued and unflieltered troops 
of the allies Were expofed, the commanders thought it 
expedient to fall back, and take a polition on the right 
bank of the Leek. A fudden thaw occafioned the recal 
of the orders given for that purpofe ; and, though the 
froft foon returned, major-general Dundas advanced to 
rifle an engagement, in Which he was fuccefsful. The 
French foon after attacked the Auftriansand Hanoverians, 
drove them back, and alfo conftrained lieutenant-general 
(afterwards fir Ralph) Abercrombie to retire. Having 
taken Heufden, they affailed the whole confederated little 
from Arnheitn to Amerongen ; and compelled a retreat, 
on the 14th of January, 1795. 
The fuccefs of the French republican army induced 
many of the Dutch to feek refuge in Britain, where they 
were received with politenefs and holpitality. When 
Utrecht had fubmitted to the enemy, the ftadtholder, 
knowing that Amfterdam would not be defended, left his 
country to its fate, and efcaped to England in a fifhing- 
boat. He and his family became immediate objects of 
royal benevolence, and were treated with the refpedt due 
to their rank and misfortunes. The Dutch, who had 
viewed the Engiifh with an unfriendly eye (ince the re¬ 
volution of 1787, appeared to be highly pleafed at this 
change in their affairs. They now treated the Britifh 
troops with contempt and illiberality, and were not dif¬ 
pofed to alleviate, by kindnefs or cotnpaflion, the buffer¬ 
ings of the wounded, or the diftrefs of the fugitives, who 
at length effected their retreat to Bremen, after a long and 
fevere exercife Of patience and fortitude. The united 
provinces were now revolutionifed on the French model, 
under tire name of the Batavian republic. But the Gallic 
friends of the Hollanders, in relating them from what 
they termed a difgraceful yoke, have never once per¬ 
mitted them to enjoy real freedom or independence. 
During the fanguiriary extenlion of the war in Europe, 
the king of Great-Britain Was anxious to enlarge his con¬ 
nections in Afia, by an alliance with the emperor of China. 
The prevailing defire of commercial advantage, concur¬ 
ring with a vvifh to fecure the friendlhip of a potentate 
whofe influence extended to territories bordering on thofe 
of .the Engiifh Eaft India company, induced the king to 
fend an ambaffador to treat with the Chinefe court. The 
abilities of earl Macartney, who had acquired reputation 
as governor of Madras, qualified him for fuch a negocia- 
tion ; and, when he had added to his finite fome able cul¬ 
tivators of fcience and fkilful artiffs, he failed under the 
conduit of fir Erafrnus- Gower. He reached the yellow 
fea in fafety, pafled np the white river to Tong-choo-fOO’, 
and thence proceeded by land to the metropolis of China. 
Tchien-Lung, the aged emperor, was then at the palace 
