ENGLAND. 
78-3 
the mutiny gradually fubfided. Parker, when the crew 
of the Sandwich ceafed to flip port him, was taken into 
cuftody ; and, being tried by a court-martial, was con¬ 
demned to death. He was hanged at the yard-arm, 
June 30, in the (hip which had been the fcene of his de¬ 
fection. Seven of the delinquents were afterwards put 
to death ; and, at different times, the fame fine attended 
others}.; but a pardon was granted to the far greater num¬ 
ber of thofe who were condemned. The French, whofe 
revolutionary principles had certainly fome weight in 
producing thefe commotions, exulted at the intelligence 
of the mutiny; and, while they lamented its extinction, 
conceived hopes of the eruption of future difeontent in 
the fame branch of the fcrvice, or in the military depart¬ 
ment ; but the true-hearted feamen refumed their habits 
of order and fubmiffion, and the foldiers, who alfo re¬ 
ceived an augmentation of pay, preferred their loyalty 
u nimpaired. 
The Tailors in the fleet of the earl of St. Vincent were 
totally uninfected with the mutinous fpirit which had ap¬ 
peared at the Nore. After the defeat of the Spanifh 
fquadron, they blocked up Cadiz, and captured the 
ftraggling (hips of the enemy. Rear-admiral Nelfon re¬ 
pelled an armed flotilla, and bombarded the town with 
fpirit. Being fent by the earl to TenerifTe, he projected 
a nodturnal attack upon the town of Santa Cruz. The 
mole was (formed, July 25; but the alfailants could not 
reduce the fort; and the danger of continuing on the 
ifland induced them to a(k for a fafe retreat, which the 
governor, intimidated by their menaces, allowed. In 
this bold enterprife, captain Bowen was drowned, as were 
alfo about one hundred teamen and marines; the rear- 
admiral Nelfon on this occafion loft his arm; and 150 
men were killed or wounded in the affault. 
Though the difeomfiture of the Spaniards off Cape 
St. Vincent baffled the maritime views of the French, 
the fuccefs of the continental w’ar afforded them ample 
compenfation. In the firft month of the year, Bonaparte 
repeatedly triumphed over the Andrians in the Veronefe, 
particularly near the lake of Garda. Mantua, after a 
long and murderous fiege, was obliged to furrender ; and 
the general then directed his courfe toward the papal do¬ 
minions. He received the fubmiffion of the whole coun¬ 
try in his progrefs, and compelled his holinefs the pope 
to cede Ferrara and other provinces, and grant a confide- 
rable fum of money, befldes valuable pictures, flatties, 
and manuferipts, as the only terms of being fuffered to 
retain the reft of his territories. Returning towards the 
dependencies of the Venetian (fate, Bonaparte advanced 
againft the archduke Charles, who, after he had difpof- 
fe(Ted the French of Fort-Kehl, had affumed the com¬ 
mand of the Auftrian army in Italy. He crofted the 
Piave with little difficulty ; but the Tagliamento was de¬ 
fended againft him by the bold efforts of the archduke, 
who could not, however, fecure a victory. The French 
now rufiied into the hereditary dominions of the emperor, 
and reduced Gradifca, Goritz, and Triefte. Having in¬ 
vaded Carinthia, Maffena defeated the archduke at Tarvis, 
while Joubert met with uninterrupted fuccefs in the Ty¬ 
rol. Laubach, the capital of Cnrniola, was taken ; the 
province of Styria was threatened with an overwhelming 
torrent; and the circle of Auftria trembled to its centre. 
Yet, affeCting a fpirit of peace and philanthropy, the 
French commander made overtures of accommodation to 
the archduke. The terrified court of Vienna affented to 
an armifiice ; and preliminaries of peace were figned 
near Leoben, on tire 1 Sth of April, to the great difguft 
of the Britifh miniftry, without whofe knowledge and 
concurrence they were adjufted, though the war had 
been carried on wholly at their expence. 
The Venetian government having teftified a partiality 
for the Aullrians, and encouraged the hoftilities of its 
fubjeCts againft the French, Bonaparte refolved to revo- 
lutionife that ftate. Many of the inhabitants of the ca¬ 
pital anticipated his views; and fome democratic inno¬ 
vations were in force when the French arrived. That 
conftitution which had long been the bcaft of Italy was 
eafily fubverted ; and an executive directory, under Gallic 
influence, affumed the adminiftration. The Genoefe ftate. 
was democratifed with equal facility; and the Cifalpine 
republic, which the French general had ereCted on the 
conqueft of the duchy of Milan, was enlarged and ftrength- 
ened by his victories and vigilance.—Yet let it be ever 
recolleCted, that the Italians would not fight-, their dege¬ 
neration from the ancient Roman invincible fpirit, was 
never fo confpicuoufly demonftrated ; and Bonaparte might 
be truly faid to have gained rapid conquefts over whole 
provinces that courted a revolution , and that rejoiced in being 
beaten. 
At a time when the moderate party prevailed in the 
two councils at Paris, the Engliftv court, in conformity 
with the wifhes of the people, again offered to negociate ; 
and lord Malmfbury and Le-Tourneur met at Lille for 
that purpofe. The former, in lieu of the territories which 
were to be conceded to the French, demanded the ceifion 
of Trinidad, the Cape of Good Hone, Ceylon, and the 
fettlenient of Cochin ; but the French minifter replied, 
that the republic would not allow Great Britain to retain 
any one of thefe conquefts ; upon which, September 5, 
the negociation was difmiffed. A declaration from the 
king of Great Britain announced to the world this new 
proof of tire hoftile fpirit of the rulers of France, and af¬ 
fected his eager defire of putting an end to a war “ fo 
deftruftive in its progrefs, and fo burthenfomc even in its 
fuccefs.” He added, that, though “ his claims had been 
ftrengthened and confirmed” by a recent victory, he was 
“ yet ready (if the calamitiesof war could then be clofed) 
to conclude peace on the fame moderate and equitable 
principles and terms which he had before propofed.” 
The viftory to which his majefty referred, was that of 
the fleet which engaged the Dutch. Admiral Duncan, 
during the fummer, had blocked up the (hips of that na¬ 
tion in the harbour of the Texel. When lie retired for 
a fhort time, admiral de Winter failed out with a view of 
reinforcing the French, and flattered himfelf with the 
hope of eluding the vigilance of the Englifh ; but captain 
Trollope, Oftober n, difeerned the fleet in its progrefs, 
and his fignals were obferved with joy by admiral Dun¬ 
can, who inftantly ordered a general chafe. Finding that 
an engagement could not with honour or fafety be avoid¬ 
ed, the brave de Winter formed a line at no great diftance 
from the land between Camperdown and Egmont. Sen- 
fible of the advantage of getting between the Dutch (hips 
and the fliore, the Britilh commander made fignals for 
bearing up, breaking the line of his adverfaries, and en- 
gaging them to leeward. The conflict began with an 
attack upon the enemy’s rear, by that divifioii which 
was under vice-admiral Onflow ; and both parties fought 
with great courage. The admiral, encountering the van, 
foon paffed through the line, and was clolely engaged for 
two hours. The (hip occupied by de Winter contended 
at one time with two, and afterwards with three, of the 
Britilh ftiips. About 250 of her men were killed or 
wounded ; and (lie was difmafted and a wreck before (lie 
furrendered. Vice-admiral Reyntjes was wounded, and 
obliged to (trike to his antagonift, Onflow. One of the 
Dutch ihips took fire ; but the flames were happily ex- 
tinguiflied, and (lie was captured. Six other drips of the 
line and two frigates were taken, out of tweniy-one ; to 
which fixteen Englifh (hips, exclufive of frigates, had 
been oppofed. Above 750 of the Englifh were killed 
or wounded ; and the lofs of captain Burgefs, who brought 
the Ardent into abtion in the molt gallant and mafterly 
manner, was moft particularly regretted. 
In the week which followed this memorable engage¬ 
ment, a definitive treaty, between the emperor and the 
French republic, as hinted above, was figned, Obtober 17, 
at Campo-Formio, near Udina. The Netherlands were 
ceded by the emperor; who alfo contented that the Ve¬ 
netian iflands in the Levant, and territories in Albania, 
Ihould 
