702 , ENGLAND. 
but they found better quarters in their progrefs. While 
they waited for the arrival of reinforcements, about twelve 
thoufand French and Dutch attacked them with vigour, 
September i o ; but fo ftrong was the port of the Zuyp, and 
Jo firmly diet the Englifh defend it, that about eight hun¬ 
dred ot the affailants were killed or wounded, while only 
two hundred futfered on the part of their opponents. 
1 he guards diftinguifhed themfelves in this engagement, 
and made great impreflion on a column of French. Tire 
duke of York now landed with three brigades, and a 
Ruffian army alfo difembarked. As the allied army 
amounted to thirty-five thoufand men, the duke, and 
general d’Hermann, ventured upon a fpeedy action. The 
Ruffians, by an impetuous onfet, September 19, made 
great havock, and puttied forward to Bergen. Aber¬ 
crombie’s column penetrated to Hoorn ; and the two other 
columns/were fuccefsful in their attacks; but the rath 
confidence of the Ruffians expofed them to fuch danger, 
that the retreat of the whole force foon became necelfary. 
About three thoufand of the enemy are faid to have been 
made pri(oners, and two thoufand were killed or wound¬ 
ed ; of the Britifh foldiers, above one thoufand were 
killed, wounded, or captured ; and of the Ruffians about 
two thoufand. 
When the weather permitted, the army moved forward, 
in four columns, to the battle of Egmont, O6tober 2. 
The Englifh and Ruffians were commanded by generals 
Abercrombie, d’Effen, Dundas, and Pulteney. The 
Tortile force confided of twenty-five thoufand men, of 
which number about three-fifths were French, who 
were under the orders of general Brune, while Daendels 
had the command of the Dutch. The main body of the 
Jirrt column did not meet with great refinance in the early 
part of the day; but when fir Ralph approached Eg¬ 
mont, he was warmly oppofed by a ftrong corps of French 
infantry, who were fupported by a confiderable body of 
cavalry and a train of artillery upon the beach. A part 
of the lame column, under colonel Macdonald, had driven 
the enemy from Campe and the neighbouring fand bills; 
and fome brigades of the fecond and third divifions forced 
Schorel and other ports. The vicinity of Bergen was a 
feene of brilk conflict. The brigades of major-general 
Coote and the earl of Chatham charged the enemy in 
flank and rear, and produced a confufed retreat ; but 
they could not prevent their adverfaries from re-occupy¬ 
ing the village in force, though they defended with effect 
fome heights which they had feifed. Colonel Macdonald 
being clofely engaged with a refolute body, lieutenant- 
general Dundas fent a corps to affift that officer, and thus 
enabled him to proceed to the aid of fir Ralph, who had 
been contending for fome hours with a very fuperior 
force. At length the cavalry were baffled in an attack 
-upon the Britifh artillery, and, being charged with fpirit 
by lord Paget, were driven towards Egmont with confi¬ 
derable lot's. The evening put an end to the engage¬ 
ment ; and the troops refted upon their arms. At day¬ 
break, the retreat of the enemy gave the Engliffi and Ruf¬ 
fians an opportunity of taking feveral ports ; but, though 
they purtied forward for that purpofe, they were preclud¬ 
ed by fatigue from effectually haraffing the republican 
troops. The killed and wounded of the Britifh were 
about 1350 by fome accounts, and 1530 by others. Of 
the Ruffians about 600 futfered or were captured. The 
lofs of the French and Dutch rofe far beyond thefe cal¬ 
culations. The enemy feem to have marked out the Eng- 
lifh officers, as an unufual proportion received wounds. 
The enemy having taken a very ftrong pofition, and being 
in expectation of a reinforcement, the duke of York re- 
folved upon another attack before the ereCtion of new 
works, and when he had no knowledge of the arrival of 
frelh troops to oppofe him. The Ruffians had a greater 
concern in this aCtion of October 6, than in the preced¬ 
ing ; and they were fo vigoroufty refitted ; that fir Ralph 
Abercrombie was obliged to advance with a ftrong body 
to their relief. The whole hoftile force then put itf'elf 
in motion, and the action became general along the line 
from Limmen to the fea. It terminated to the honour of 
the invaders, as they were left matters of the field. The 
Ruffians killed were above 380; and 735 were wounded. 
The Britifh loft about 100 in killed; 725 were wounded; 
and above 600 were miffing. 
A confiderable body of frefii troops joined the army of 
general Brune after this aCtion ; and he ftationel his 
force fo ftrongly, as fo render a renewal of attack highly 
dangerous. This confideration, added to the ruined ftate 
of the roads, and the difficulty of procuring fupplies ne- 
ceffary for the accommociation of the foldiery, produced 
in the minds of the chief'officers a conviction of the pru¬ 
dence of a retreat. This determination was executed 
without diforder, and with fmall lofs. A convention was 
adjufted, October 18, between the commanders of the op- 
pofite armies, providing for the fpeedy departure of the 
Englifh and Ruffians, prohibiting the commiffion of any 
injury by the retiring hoft, and requiring the delivery of 
eight thoufand French and Dutch prifoners of war, who 
had been taken before the prefent campaign. It was in 
the power of the invaders to fecure a retreat to their 
fhips by inundating North Holland; but, as this was a 
meafure which would have greatly diftrefted or ruined 
the inhabitants, the duke of York abftained from this in¬ 
humanity, by the furrenderof prifoners without exchange. 
Though the French preferved their influence in Hol¬ 
land unimpaired, their own government now Juffere’d a 
great change. The two councils had lately humbled the 
directory, and thus adheredTo the conftitution of 1795; 
but they were expoled to a violent attack from the am¬ 
bition of Bonaparte. Returning fuddenly from Egypt, 
lie (Lengthened his intereft among the foldiery and the 
people ; and, having procured an appointment to the 
command of the P.irifian guard, he forcibly diffolved the 
two affemblies, November 10, 1799, and became in effect 
fovereign of F'rance, under the title of Firjl Conful. His 
popularity, and the terror of his name, fecured the affen’t 
of the people to the new conftitution; and he prepared 
to imprefs other nations with a fenfe of his importance 
and a refpeft for his dignity. To give the greater weight 
to his new character, he fuggefted, by a letter under his 
own hand, to the king of Great Britain, a pompous pro- 
pofition for a general peace ; but the offer was rejected, 
and vigorous preparations were made for the campaign 
of 1800. 
During the winter, the temporary danger of the fove¬ 
reign greatly alarmed his loyal fubjefts. Hadfield, who 
had ferved his country as a foldier, fired a piftol at the 
king in one of the theatres; but fortunately no injury re- 
fulted from the daring attempt. As evident proofs of 
infanity were adduced, the maniac was acquitted. 
The raoft important event which took place in the 
year 1800, was the union of Great Britain with the king¬ 
dom of Ireland. Upon this occafion the king declared, 
that he fhould “ever confider this great meafure as the 
happieft event of his reign.” That it was one of the 
moft judicious aCts of the government, few will be dif- 
pofed to deny ; and the mode in which it was.conducted, 
without afperity or rancour, and in a moment fo critical 
to the peace and fafety of Ireland, will ever reflect the 
higheft credit on the minifter, Mr. Pitt, under whofe 
anfpices the enactment of union took place, on the 2d of 
July in England, and the ift of Auguft in Ireland, fo 
nearly at the completion of the eighteenth century. 
The new conful, finding his defire of being the pacifi¬ 
cator of Europe rejected by the king of Great Britain, 
propofed to the court of Vienna a renewal of a feparate 
negociation ; but the influence of the Britifh miniftry, 
and the fuccefs of the late campaign, induced the empe¬ 
ror to continue the war. His troops gained fome advan¬ 
tages in the fpring, when they attacked the French in the 
Ligurian territories. After feveral engagements, general 
Melas encountered Maffena near Voltri; and, having pre¬ 
vailed in a conflict which proved fatal to a vaft number 
..of 
