811 
ENG 
be made to refill the requlfite preffure of the rolling-prefs, 
is too obvious to need being dated :—the plate would not 
wear out, and it would pafs to pofterity unaffected by ruff 
or canker, while each impredion would be equally good. 
1 he manufacturing of velfels with engraved ornaments 
of every kind, upon Co lid fparry fluor, was begun in Der- 
bydiire, in 1765. The articles formed of it are called 
Jpar ornaments, and fometimes blue-john. Many beauti¬ 
ful colours are produced ; and the difcovery has at once 
afforded a valuable acquifition to our commerce, and an 
elegant addition to the equipage of the table. 
Engraving on Steel is chiefly employed in cutting 
feals, punches, matrices, and dyes, proper for driking 
coins, medals, and counters. The method of engraving 
with the indruments, <S.-c, is the fame for coins as for me¬ 
dals and counters : all the did'erence confids in their 
greater or lefs relievo ; the relievo of coins being much 
lefs condderabie than that of medals, and that of coun¬ 
ters dill lefs than that of coins. Engravers in deel 
commonly begin with punches, which are in relievo, and 
ferve for making the creux or cavities of the matrices and 
dyes. The fird thing done, is that of dedgning the figures ; 
the next is the moulding them in wax, of the (ize and 
depth they are to lie, and from this wax the punch is en¬ 
graved. When the punch is finifhed, it receives a very 
high temper, that it may the better bear the blow of the 
hammer with which it is druck, to give the impredion to 
the matrice. The deel is made hot to foften it, that it 
may the more readily take the impredion of the punch ; 
and after driking the punch on it in this date, they pro¬ 
ceed to touch up or finifh any thing defective, with deel 
gravers of different kinds. For many purpofes of an in¬ 
ferior kind, fuel) as the encravinsrs or dialings on the or- 
naments of coaches and coach-harnefs, &c. an ingenious 
method has been invented by Mr. Janies Yates, of Bordf- 
ley near Birmingham; for which, in 1788, he obtained a 
patent. The defign is fird engraved on a folid block of 
deel, made to the form or dze required. It is then bxed 
in a die, which has a ring or collar round it, fo as to form 
a kind of didi, the ring on the outdde of it riling higher 
than the engraved block; a forcer or block of-metal is 
then impreffed upon the engraving, and, with thin plates 
of foft tin, or lead, or mixed metal, is laid under a damp 
or prefs, by the force of which a perfect impredion is 
ftruck from the engraved block. Thin plates of gold* 
filver, plated metal, copper, brafs, or.other mixed metals, 
are thus impreffed, or (la mped, and the raifed fide of the 
impredion of the engraving is then filled with melted 
lead, tin, or any other hard cement, to any thicknefs re¬ 
quired ; fo that the reverie fide has the perfect appear¬ 
ance of the original engraved block. For fome purpofes, 
as deel, iron, or other metal roll is engraved, of any de¬ 
fign required, and an impredion taken off, by another 
counter roll; and thus plates of thin metal, of any kind, 
are palfed between the rollers, by the force of a mill, and 
the railed fide of the impreflion is afterwards filled with 
cement, as before defended. 
An ingenious method of engraving in oil, and multi¬ 
plying copies on paper, parchment, linen, or other ma. 
terials of a fiexible texture, has been lately invented by 
Mr. Samuel I'oplis, of Gaitifborough. His method is as 
follows : Prepare a copper, bvafs, or other metal plate, 
well polifhed ; or a piece of fmooth glazed earthen ware ; 
or a board, previoudy coated with copal, fhell-lac, or any 
other hard varnilh : have alfo ready a.cufhion, made of 
the lofted kind of leather, duffed with wool, or other 
convenient article. On the culhion, fpread a fine coat of 
ffrong printing-ink ; or, if that cannot be eulily procured, 
ufe paint of any colour, or other fubftance of a vifeous 
nature, of fuch a confidence as will admit of a feparation 
without running. Take the plate, of whatever fort, 
(holding it by the corners alternately,) and fuffer it to 
touch the ink, paint, &c. by a gentle compreffion of the 
plate, till the whole becomes coated. With a piece of 
pointed wood, or even a common lkew.er, reduced to a 
ENG 
point fit for making proper ffrokes, write, engrave, or 
delineate, the fubjedt intended ; either backwards or for¬ 
wards, holding a flat ruler in one hand, as a guide, and 
to prevent injuring the coating while the operation is 
performing with the other. The plate thus prepared, 
jnuft be taken to a common rolling-prefs, or any other 
kind of prefs, or, for want of them, placed on a hard 
piece of ground, or a boarded floor. On the plate lay a 
vnoift (beet of paper, fkin of parchment or leather, piece of 
filk, linen, or other material of flexible texture; on thefe 
lay a woollen cloth, or piece of blanket, and on that a 
proper lized board, flat (lone, or other fuch body, giving 
the required prelfure by your own weight, or by any other 
effort of art or ftrength ; there will then be found a fair 
copy of all matters written, engraved, or delineated, on 
the coated plate, appearing on the paper, &c. in white 
letters or characters. If more than one copy is required, 
by this fimple yet effectual method, the force meant to 
be applied to the written or engraved plate muff be di¬ 
vided by the number of copies wanted ; three, if not four, 
are to be had this way, and perhaps a greater number may 
be obtained by more general practice and experience. 
As a diftinft as well as new branch of the polite and 
liberal arts, engraving and writing in oil and oil colours 
may alfo be applied to glafs, and to earthen ware in gene¬ 
ral, with peculiar advantage and neatnefs, according to 
the abilities and genius of the engraver ; for which pur- 
pofe the following rule is given, viz. If the letters, de¬ 
vices, ciphers, or other fignatures, are delired to be of a 
colour oppolite to that of the natural body or ground 
colour of the veffel, lay a coat of paint or varnifh upon it; 
let it become dry or hard, and write or engrave in the 
fecond, third, See. coat : but, if the ground-colour of the 
veffel be preferred, one coat, in general, will be found 
fufficient, and will be of cor.liderable ufe. Moreover, 
this invention, may ferve to convey ufeful knowledge, 
or the delineations of fancy, to the various parts of the 
habitable globe, in a different and more curious mannez 
than by any other means that have hitherto been prac- 
tiled or attempted ; as the art may be exten ied, through 
the mediums of painting, japanning, calico-printing, &c. 
to all bodies poffeffing plain furfaces, of whatever fhape 
or ufe, amid our various arts and manufactures ; for, 
amopgff other advantages that will certainly arile from 
it, is the very obvious one of being able to figure that 
eHernial part of drefs, printed linens or cottons, in a 
cheaper and readier way than by any yet adopted. A 
fmall jhin plate of iron, brafs, 8 ec. w ill be found extremely 
ufeful, with paint, or any other (tailing fubftance of a 
glutinous and drying nature ; and an advantage with re¬ 
gard to time, and other important confiderations, will 
undoubtedly arife from its ufe. 
To ENGRIif'VE, v. a. To pain ; to vex ; to afflift; 
to difconfolate.—Aches, and hurts, and corns, do engrievi 
either towards rain, or towards fnovv. Bacon. 
The gnawing anguifh, and (harp jealoufy, 
Which his fad fpeech infixed in my bread, 
Rankled fo fore, and fefter’d inwardly, 
That my engrieved mind could find no reff. Spenftr. 
To ENGRO'SS, v. a. [grojjir, Fr.] To thicken ; to 
make thick : 
The waves fo (low and fluggifh were, 
Eng : mfs\d with mud, which did them foul agriefe. 
That every weighty thing they did upbear. Spcnfer - 
To increafe in bulk.—Though pillars, by channelling, be 
feemingly engrojed to our fight, yet they are truly weak¬ 
ened in themfelves. IVotton. —To fatten; to plump up l 
Not fieeping, to engrofs his idle body ; 
But praying, to enrich his watchful foul. Shahefpcare. 
To feize in the grofs ; to feize the whole of any thing.— 
Thole two things that fo engrofs the defires of both the 
nobler and ignobler fort of mankind, are to be found la 
religion; namely, wifdoni and pleafure. Sautfi. 
