entomology. 
{aw. It is tifed by many infects both as an offenfive and 
defenfive weapon ;' by others it is only ufed to pierce the 
fub(lances where they mean to depcfit their eggs. This 
inftrument caunoribe properly fcen or known, but with 
the afliftance of a micro (cope. Of bees, it is only the 
neuters and tire queen that have (ting's. The apparatus 
is of a very curious conftrudtion, fitted for inflidling a 
wound, (and at the fame time conveying poifon into that 
wound.—See a figure and defcription of it, under Apis, 
i.voJ T. p. 796. 
It has already been obferved, that the bodies of infedts 
are covered with a hard (kin, anfwering the purpofe of an 
internal (keleton, and forming one of the c’naradters by 
■which they are difiinguifhed from other animals. This 
external covering is very ftrong in thofe infects which, 
from their manner of life, are particularly liable to great 
fridtion, or violent comprefliOn ; but is more tender and 
delicate in fuch as are not Co expofed. Another diftin- 
guifiiing criterion of infedts is the colour of their circu¬ 
lating fluid or blood, which is never red; this, at fir ft 
fight, i'eems liable to fome objedtions, on account ot the 
drop of red liquor which is often procured from -final 1 in¬ 
fedts when fqueezed to pieces. It does not appear, how¬ 
ever, that this is the blood of the animal; when it exifted 
as a worm there was no fuch appearance, and when tranf- 
formed to the perfedt, or fly (late, it is only found in the 
eye, and not in the body, which would be the cafe if it 
circulated in the veins of the infedt. It is probable there 
is a circulation of fome fluid analogous to the blood in 
mod infedts: with the afliftance of the onicrofcope this 
■circulation may be perceived in many; but the circulating 
liquor is not red. 
The ftudent in entomology, who willies to attain a pro¬ 
per knowledge of the fcience, will find it neceflary to make 
himfelf converfant with the various dalles, genera, &c. 
into which infedts have been divided by Linnaeus. Every 
fyftem has its defedts, and probably fome may be found 
in that of this truly celebrated naturalift; but the pur¬ 
pofe of fcience is anfwered by ufing thofe diferiminations 
which are generally adopted. We (hall therefore ftate the 
Linntean claflification, illuftrated with the Seven Orders 
of Infedts, in the annexed engraving. 
ORDERS and GENERA. 
I. Coleoptera, [from KwXeo?, a (heath, and Trlegcv , a 
wing.] Contains all fuch infedts as have cruftaceous ely- 
try or (hells, called wing-cafes, which fhut together, and 
form a longitudinal future down the back of the infedt. 
Thefe are divided into the following genera : 
Antenna clavate, thicker towards the tip.—Club lamellate. 
Scarabaeus. - Fore-ftianks toothed. 
Lucanus. - Two palpigerous tufts under the lip. 
Synodendron. Jaw one-toothed ; lip filiform, palpigerous. 
Dermeftes. - 
Melyris. - - 
Byrrhus. 
Silpha. - - 
Tritoma. - 
Hydrophilus. 
Tetratoma. - 
Club perfoliate. 
Head infledted under the thorax, which 
is (lightly margined. 
Lip clavate, emarginate. 
Lip extended, bifid. 
Thorax and (hells margined. 
Anterior feelers hatchet-fhaped. 
Feelers filiform: jaw bifid, horny. 
Feelers unequal: jaw bifid, membrana¬ 
ceous. 
Club /olid or inflated. 
Hifter. 
Boftrichus. - 
Anthrenus. - 
Nitidula. - 
Coccinella. - 
Curculio. - 
Paufus. - - 
Head retradtile within the thorax. 
Head infledted under the thorax, which 
is (lightly margined. 
Jaw bifid. 
Thorax and (hells margined. 
Anterior feelers hatchet-fhaped. 
Snout elongated, horny. 
Antennae two-jointed, the club hooked 
and inflated. 
Brentus. - - 
Attelabus. 
Erodius. - 
Staphylinus. - 
Zygia. - - - 
Meloe. - - - 
Tenebrio. - - 
Caflida. - 
Opatrum. - - 
Mordella. - - 
Chryfomeln. 
Horia. - - - 
Apalus. 
Manticora. - - 
Pimelia. 
Gyrinus. - 
Cucujus. - - 
Cryptocephalus. 
Bruclms. - - 
Ptinus. - - - 
Hifpa. - - - 
Bupreftis, - - 
Necydalis. - - 
Lampyris. 
Cantharis. - - 
Notoxus. - . 
Elater. - - - 
Calopus. - 
Alurnus. - - 
Carabus. - 
Lytta. - - - 
Serropalpus. 
Cerambyx. - 
Leptura. - 
Rhinomacer. 
Zonitis. - 
Cicindela. 
Dytifcus. 
Eorficula. - 
Antenna monolifom. 
Snout elongated, horny, ftraight. 
Snout elongated, incurved. 
Lip horny, emarginate. 
Shells half the length of the body, co¬ 
vering the wings: above the tail two 
exfertile veficles. 
Lip elongated, membranaceous. 
Thorax rounded : head gibbous, in¬ 
fledted. 
Thorax margined: head exferted: body 
oblong. 
Body ovate : (hells margined: head co¬ 
vered with a fliield. 
Thorax and fliield margined. 
Laminae at the bafe of the abdomen: 
head infledted. 
Body ovate, immarginate. 
Feelers unequal: jaw bilid: lip rounded. 
Antenna fliform. 
Thorax roundifh : head gibbous, in¬ 
fledted. 
Jaws exferted, toothed: eyes rather 
prominent. 
Thorax margined : head exferted: body 
oblong. 
Antennae a little rigid : eyes four. 
Lip ftiort, bifid, the diviftons diftant. 
Body ovate, immarginate. 
Antennae growing largertowards the tip. 
Thorax receiving the head : laft joints 
of the antennae longer. 
Antennae ftretched forward, approxi¬ 
mate, fufiform. 
Head partly retradted within the thorax. 
Shells half as long as the body: wings 
naked. 
Shells flexile: thorax furrounding and 
concealing the head. 
Shells flexile: fides of the abdomen 
edged with folded papillae. 
Lip bifid: the divifions connivent, ob- 
tufe. 
A pedtoral fpine fpringing from an ab¬ 
dominal pore. 
Thorax fpinous or gibbous at the fides. 
Jaw arched : feelers fix. 
Thorax obcordate, truncate behind. 
Thorax roundifti: head gibbous, in¬ 
fledted. 
Antenna fetaceous. 
Anterior feelers deeply ferrate. 
Thorax fpinous or gibbous at the fides. 
Shells tapering towards the tip : thorax 
roundifh. 
Antennae feated on the fnout. 
Lip emarginate. 
Jaws exferted, toothed: eyes a little 
prominent. 
Hind legs fringed, formed forfwimming. 
Shells half as long as the body : wings 
covered : tail forked. 
II. Hemiptera, [from half, and nlegcv, awing.] 
Thefe have their upper wings ufually half cruftaceous 
and half membranaceous, not divided by a longitudinal 
future, but incumbent on each other. This order con¬ 
tains the following genera: 
Blatta. - - - Mouth armed with jaws: wings co¬ 
riaceous, plane : legs formed for 
running. 
Pneumora. - - Mouth armed with jaws: wings mem¬ 
branaceous, defledted : legs formed 
for running. 
Mantis, 
