8*0 E NTOM 
about each fpiraeuium the L'aeheal artery puthes forth a 
great number of branches, which are again divided into 
(mailer ones; thefe further fubdivide, and fpread through 
the whole body of the caterpillar. This vetfel and its 
principal branches are compofed of three coats, which 
may be feparated one from the oilier. The exterior co. 
vering is a thick membrane, furnifhed with a great num¬ 
ber of fibres, which defcribe a vaft variety of circles 
round it, communicating with each other by numerous 
flioots. The fecond is very thin, and tranfparent ; no 
p irticular vetfel is diftinguithed in it. The third is com¬ 
pofed of fcaly threads, Which are generally turned in a 
fpiral form, and come fo near each other, as fcarcely to 
leave any interval ; thefe threads are curioutly united 
with the membrane which occupies the intervals, and 
form a tube which is always open, notwithftanding the 
flexure of the vetfel. The principal tracheal vetfels 
branch out into 236 fmaller ones, from which there fpring 
1326 different ramifications. 
The part of the caterpillar which naturalifls call the 
heart, is of a nature very different from that of larger 
animals. It is almoft as long as the caterpillar itfelf, 
lies immediately under the fkin at the top of the back, 
entering into the head, and terminating near the mouth. 
It is large and fpacious towards the luff rings of the body, 
and diminifhes very much as it approaches the head, from 
the fourth to the twelfth diviiion; it has on both (ides, 
at each divifion, an appendage, which partly covers the 
mufcles of the back; but, growing narrower as it ap¬ 
proaches the lateral line, forms a number of irregular 
lozenge-fhaped bodies. This mufcular tube has been 
deemed the heart of the caterpillar ; firfl, becaufe it is 
generally filled with a kind of lymph, which has been 
fuppofed to be analogous to the blood of larger animals; 
fecondly, becaufe in all caterpillars, whofe (kin is in fome 
degree tranfparent, continual, regular, and alternate, dila¬ 
tations and contractions may be perceived along the fu- 
perior line, beginning at the eleventh ring, and going on 
from ring to ring to the fourth, whence this vetfel has 
been considered as a file of hearts ; but dill this vifcera 
feems to have very little relation to the heart of larger 
animals ; we find no veffel opening into it to anfwer the 
aorta, vena cava, &c. Yet it cannot be of any import¬ 
ance in what manner this organ be formed, any more than 
that of the brain, fo that the Great Author of its ftruc- 
ture has enabled it to perform its proper office. Near the 
eighth divifion are two white oblong maffes, that join the 
tube of the heart ; they have been called reniform bo¬ 
dies, becaufe they are fomething fimilar to a kidney in 
their thape. 
The corpus crajfum is, with refpedl to volume, the moll 
confiderable part of the whole caterpillar ; it is the firft 
and only fubftance that is feen on opening it, forming a 
kind of (heath, which envelopes and covers all the en¬ 
trails, and introducing itfelf into the head, enters all the 
mufcles of the body, filling the greateft part of the 
empty fpaces in the caterpillar. It is of a milk-white 
colour. In its configuration it is very fimilar to the hu¬ 
man brain. When the different maffes of the corpus 
era (Turn which covers the entrails are removed, the largeft 
parts are the oefophagus, the ventricle, and the large in- 
tefiines. The cefophagus descends from the bottom of 
the mouth to about the fourth divifion. The anterior 
part which is in the head is flefhy, narrow, and fixed by 
different mufcles to the cruftaceous parts thereof; the 
lower part which paffes into the body is wider, and forms 
a kind of membranaceous bag, which is covered with 
very fmall mufcles; near the (tomach it is again narrower, 
and is as it were bridled by a ftrong nerve, which is fixed 
to it at diftant intervals. The ventricle begins a little 
above the fourth divifion, where ihe oefophagus finiffies, 
and terminates at the tenth divifion; it is about feven 
times longer than it is broad ; the anterior part, which is 
the broadeft, is generally folded. The folds diminilh 
OLOGY. 
with the bulk, in proportion r.s it approaches the Intef- 
tines. An afferublage of nerves cover the furface ; it is 
furrounded by a number of aerial veffels, and opens into 
a tube, which M, Lyonet calls the large inteftine. 
There are three of thefe large tubes or inteftines, each 
of which differs from the other fo much, both in ftruc.' 
ture and character, that they fiiould have a particular 
name to diftinguith them. As mod caterpillars are en¬ 
dued with a power or faculty of fpinning, they are pro. 
vided with two veffels where the fubftance is prepared, 
which, when drawn out, and extended in the air, be. 
comes a filken thread; thefe two veffels are termed the 
filk-veffels or tubes ; in the caterpillar of the cofl’us they 
are often above three inches long, and are diftinguithed 
into three parts, the anterior, the intermediate, and pot- 
terior. It has alfo two other veffels, which are fuppofed 
to prepare and contain the liquor by which it diffolves the 
wood on which it feeds. Such is the wonderful organi¬ 
zation of this apparently trifling and imperfeCt animal. 
Yet the four-thoufand mufcles employed in the conftruc- 
tion of the caterpillar of the coffus, cannot beconfidered 
without the deepeft aftonifhment: their admirable co-or¬ 
dination and junction with other parts equally numerous, 
yet all harmonizing and acting together as if they were 
effentially one, naturally lead the mind to confider the 
nature and perfection of creation, and to perceive that it 
is an exhibition of the higheft wifdom and molt profound 
omnipotence.—See Lyonet fur la Chenille de Saule; 
and Theologie des InfeCtes. Alfo Mr. Adams on the 
Microfcope, by Kanmacher. 
In the Entomology Plate II. are given figures of dif¬ 
ferent caterpillars, and various infedts in their larva and 
pupa date. Fig. 2, the caterpillar of the phalaena coffus 
or goat-moth, of its natural fize, and the fame animal as 
diffeCted and magnified at fig. 1. The pupa of this moth 
is (hewn.at fig. 3. The moth itfelf is (hewn at fig. 6, in 
the Entomology Plate I. Fig. 4, the filkvvorm, or cater¬ 
pillar of the phalaena mori. Fig. 5, the pupa or chryfalis 
of the fame moth. Fig. 6, a feCtionof the cone or folli¬ 
cle of (ilk, in which the pupa inclofes itfelf. Fig. 7, the 
cone or follicle, (hewing the moth in the a£t of making its 
way out, and juft arrived at its imago or fly ftate. For 
the phalaena mori, or (ilkworm moth, fee the article Pha- 
L2ENA. Fig. 8, the caterpillar of the phalaena erythrinae, 
in its firft worm ft ate. Fig. 9, the fame caterpillar, after 
its firft moult. Fig. 10, the fame after its fecond moult. 
Fig. 11, the caterpillar of the papilio vanillae, or butterfly 
with the fpiral tongue, (hewn in Plate I. fig. 6. Fig. 12, 
caterpillar of the atlas moth. Fig. 13, caterpillar of 
the Achilles butterfly. See thefe two luperb fpecies in 
the engravings adapted to the articles Papilio, and Pha- 
lje NA. Fig. 14, the larva of the mufea chameleon. 
Fig. 15', the larva of the libellulaor dragon fly. Fig. 16, 
the pupa of the fame, with its wings beginning to evolve. 
Fig. 17, the palmer or caterpillar of the apis mufeorum, 
or humming bee. Fig. 18, the pupa of the fame, with 
the rudiments of its wings. See the perfeCt fly, male and 
female, fig. 12, 13, in Plate I. Fig. 19, the larva of the 
oeftrus equi, or grub called the lot, voided by horfes. 
Fig. 20, the pupa of the fame. For the perfeCt fly, male 
and female, fee fig. 14, 15, in Plate I. Fig. 21, the larva 
of the lucanus interruptus, or black beetle with yellow- 
wings. Fig. 22, fame in its pupa ftate, fhewing therudk 
ments of its limbs. For the perfect beetle, fee the article 
Lucanus. Fig. 23, the larva of the blatta Americana; 
the perfeCt infeits, male and female, are (hewn at fig. 3, 4, 
in Plate I. Fig. 24, the larva of the bupreftis.gigantea. 
The perfeCt beetles, male and female, are exhibited at 
fig. 1 and 2,.Piate I. Fig. 25, the larva of the termes fa¬ 
tale, or white ant. Fig. 26, the pupa of the fame. See 
the perfect infeCts, fig. 16 female, and 17 male, in Plate I. 
—For the natural hiftory, and more engravings of all 
thefe infeCts, fee under their refpeCtive geNeric titles in 
this work. 
Og 
