®90 ERA 
afs. In France, the experiment did not fucceed : but in 
London, as Mr. Pennant informs us, the female zebra 
was covered by the male afs. At firft, (he refufed with 
continued obftinacy ; but when the afs was painted fo as 
to referable herfelf, fhe became complacent and paflive. 
A hybrid zebra was accordingly produced ; but which 
of the parents it chiefly refembled, we have not been 
informed. 
The zebra appears to be a native only of the African 
continent. The fpecies abounds near the Cape. They' 
are found, likewife, all along the country between the 
Cape and Ethiopia ; and are alfo to be met with in 
Congo. They have been obferved by travellers in Brazil, 
and in Perfia and Turkey; but thofe muft have been 
tranfported thither from the countries of which they are 
natives. 
5. Earns quagga. This fpecies is called by Pennant, 
in his Hiffory of Quaprupeds, Quacha ; by MafTon, in the 
Philofophical Tranfaftions, Opeagha ; and by Sparrman, 
Quagga-, which name has been adopted by Linnaeus. 
T his animal very nearly refembles the zebra. It is of a 
fmaller lize, and its ears are fhorter : it has no (tripes on 
its fore legs, loins, or hinder parts. The flanks are fpot- 
ted ; the rump uniformly coloured; and the belly, legs, 
and thighs, are of a pure white. A tame quagga, which 
Dr. Sparrman faw at the Cape, was fo pleafed with the 
familiarity of mankind, that, inflead of fhunning thofe 
who approached it, it came up to receive their carefles. 
I he quagga is much more traftable than the zebra, and 
is even yoked by the colonifts at the Cape, in teams, with 
horfes. It is remarkable of the quagga, likewife, that 
notwithflanding its being of a mild charafter, it is an 
overmatch for the hyaena ; purfues that ferocious animal 
whenever it makes its appearance ; and protefts the horfes 
with whom it affociates from the hyaena’s violence, from 
which they would otherwife fuffer. The quagga, like 
the zebra, aflociates in herds ; and the fpecies feems con¬ 
fined alfo to the regions of Africa. Edwards hasmiftaken 
this animal for the female of the zebra ; and, till very 
lately, the two genera were confounded by mod African 
travellers. 
6. Equus Bifulcus , the Cloven-footed Horse ; an 
animal lately difcovered by Molina, in his travels through 
Chili and Peru, in South America. This obfcure.qua- 
druped, frequents the precipitous and rocky mountains 
of the Andes or Cordelleras ; in fize, number and ar¬ 
rangement of teeth, and in general appearance, it refem¬ 
bles the horfe, for which reafon it is placed by Dr. Gme- 
lin in this genus, though its cloven hoofs are fimilar to 
thofe ot the ruminant clafs. It is a vicious, wild, and 
exceedingly fwift, animal, having the fize, hair, colour, 
nofe, eyes, neck, back, tail, legs, and genitals, refembling 
the afs, with which it likewife agrees in its internal llruc- 
ture, but wants the dufky crofs or tranfverfe band over 
the (boulders, and refembles the horfe in the figure of its 
ears, and the neighing found of its voice. It isT-ngular 
that this curious fpecies, which feems, as it were, to form 
a kind of link between the cloven-hoofed and whole-hoof¬ 
ed animals, fltould have fo long remained unknown to the 
naturalifts of Europe. 
ER, [ejt and op, Sax. er, Dut. and Ger. ago;, Gr. er, 
aV, or, and ur, Teut. or Lat. ] the comparative termination 
of adjectives. Being added to verbs, it fignifies the aftor 
or doer, as commander, fighter, walker, &c. he who com¬ 
mands, fights, walks, &c. 
ER, a fyllable in the middle of names or places, comes 
by contraction from the Saxon Jjapa, dwellers. Gibfon. 
E'RA , f. [ara, Lat.] The account of time from any 
particular date or epoch. See .CEra, vol. i. p. 140. 
E'RA, a river of Tufcany, which runs into the Arno, 
fourteen miles above Pifa. 
ERADIA'TION,/. [e and radius , Lat.] Emiffion of 
radiance.—God gives me a heart humbly to converfe with 
him, from whom alone are all the eradiations of true ma* 
jelly. King Charles, 
ERA* 
lo ERA'DICATE, v.a. [ eradico , Lat.] To pull up 
by the root.—He fuffereth the poifon of Nubia to be ga¬ 
thered, and aconite to be eradicated, yet- this is not to be 
moved. Brown. —To completely deftroy ; to end ; to cut 
ofi-—If vice cannot wholly be eradicated , it ought at lead 
to be confined to particular objefts. Swift. 
ERADICA'TION, J. The aft of tearing up by the 
root; deftruftion ; excifion. The (fate of being torn up 
by the roots.—They affirm the roots of mandrakes give a 
(liriek upon eradication, which is falfe below confutation. 
Brown. 
ER A'DICATIVE, adj. That which cures radically ; 
that which drives quite away. 
ERACLIS'SA hexagyna of Forfkahl. The fame with 
Andrachne telephoides. 
ERAGROS'TIS,/'. in botany. See Briza. 
E'RAN, [Heb. their enemy.] A man’s name. The 
fon of Shuthelah, head of the Eranites. Numb. xxvi. 36. 
ER AN AR'CHAjj". a public officer among the ancient 
Greeks, whofe bufinefs was to prefide over and direft the 
alms and provifions made for the poor. Cornelius Nepos, 
in his life of Epaminondas, deferibes his office thus : 
When any perfon was reduced to poverty, taken captive, 
or had a daughter to marry, which he could not effeft for 
want of money, &c. the eranarcha called an affiembly of 
friends and neighbours, and taxed each according to his 
means and eftate, to contribute towards his relief. 
E'RANG, a town of the illand of Ceram. 
ERANGE'LIA,y. in botany. See Galanthus, 
ER'ANITE,yi A defeendant of Eran. 
ERAN'THEMUM,y. [from eapa, the earth, and atSoj, 
Gr. a flower.] In botany, a genus of the clafs diandria, 
order monogynia, natural order aggregatae, (vitices, JuJf. ) 
The generic characters are—Calyx: perianthium five-cleft, 
tubular, very narrow, upright, fhort, acuminate, perma¬ 
nent. Corolla : one-petalled, funnel-form ; tube filiform, 
extremely long; border five-parted (four-parted fome- 
times,)flat; divifions obovate. Stamina: filaments two, 
very fhort, in the mouth of the corolla ; antherae fubo- 
vate, compreffied, beyond the tube. Piftillum : germ 
ovate, very fmall; ftyle filiform, length of the ftamens ; 
ftigma Ample.— EJfential CharaEler. Corolla five-cleft, 
with a filiform tube ; antherae beyond the tube ; ftigma 
Ample. 
Species, r. Eranthemum Capenfe, or Cape earth-flower ; 
leaves lanceolate-ovate petioled. 2. Eranthemum an- 
guftifolium, or rough-leaved earth-flower : leaves linear, 
remote, patulous. 3. Eranthemum parvifolium, or 
fmall-leaved earth-flower: leaves ovate linear, imbricate. 
4. Eranthemum falfoloides, or falfola earth-flower : leaves 
fleftiy, nearly columnar, linear, very fmooth ; racemes 
axillary, they and the calyxes pubefeent; tube bent back. 
5. Eranthemum fpinofum, or prickly earth-flower: leaves 
ovate, oppofite ; ftipules fpiny ; flower folitary, lateral. 
They are all underfhrubs or herbs, natives of the Cape of 
Good Hope. Leaves oppofite or alternate; flowers in 
terminating fpikes. 
ToERA'SE, v.a. \rajer, Fr.] Todeftroy; toexfeind. 
•—The heads of birds, for the mod part, are given erafed ; 
that is,pluckedoff. Peachamon Blazoning. —To expunge; 
to rub out. 
ERA'SEMENT, f. Deftruftion, devaftation; extinc¬ 
tion, abolition. 
ERASE'NUS, a river of Peloponnefus, flowing for a 
little fpace under the ground in Argolis. Ovid. 
ERASIS'TRATUS, an ancient Greek phyfician, a na¬ 
tive of Sicyon, and grandfonof Ariftotle. He was in high 
profefiional reputation in the reign of Seleucus Nicanor, 
who confulted him concerning the illnefs of his fon An- 
tiochus, which Erafiftratus by his fagacity difeovered to 
be occafioned by love for his mother-in-law, Stratonice. 
He was rewarded with one hundred talents on this occa- 
fion. He is called by Galen the reviver of anatomy ; and 
lie, as well as Herophilus, is charged with the cruelty of 
diffefting criminals alive., fupplied to him by Antiochus. 
