A B L 
ABIUL, a town of Baira, containing 1300 inhabitants. 
Lat. 40. 20. Ion. 7. 10. W. 
To ABJURE, v. a. [abjuro , Lat.] To call: off upon oath, 
to fwear not to do or not to have fomething. To retract, 
recant, or abnegate a.polition upon oath. 
ABJURATION,/. The aft of abjuring. The oath 
taken for that end in law; by which it was anciently the 
cuftom, that if a perfon had committed a felony, and could 
fly to a church or church-yard before he was apprehended, 
lie could not be taken from thence to be tried for his 
crime; but on confellion thereof before the coroner, he 
was admitted to his oath to abjure the realm. But by the 
21 J. c. 28. all privilege of fanftuary, and abjurationcon- 
fequent thereupon, is utterly abolifhed. 2///. 628. 
But there is one kind of abjuring the realm which yet 
remains, as not depending on any privilege of fanftuary; 
and that is, with refpedt to popilb recufants convift, re¬ 
moving from the place of their habitation without licence, 
and not conforming in three months after.notice: in which 
cafe, they are required by ftatute 35 Eliz. c. 2. to abjure 
the realm before two juftices of the peace or tire coroner ; 
the form of which abjuration, according to the old books, 
is this: “ This hear you, Sir Coroner, that I, A. B• am a 
popifli recufant, and, in contempt of the latysand Statutes 
of England, I have and do refute to come to their church. 
I do therefore, according to the intent and meaning of the 
llatute made in the 35th year of queen Elizabeth late queen 
of this realm of England, abjure the realm of England. 
And I thall hade me towards the port of C. which you 
have given and ailigned to me, and that 1 thall not go out 
of the highway leading thither, nor return back again; 
and if I do, 1 will that I be taken as a felon of the king. 
And that at C. I will diligently feek for patfage, and will 
tarry there but one flood and ebb, if I can have patfage; 
and unlefs I can have it in fuch place, I will go every day 
into the fea up to my knees, atfaying to pafs over. So help 
me God and his doom.” Stamf. 116. Offic. Cor. 49. 
There is alfo an oath of abjuration, whereby every per¬ 
fon in any office, truft, or employment, abjutes the pre¬ 
tender, and recognifes the right of his majefty under the 
aft of fettlement, engaging to fupport him, and promifing’ 
to difclofe all trealons and traitorous confpiracies againlt 
him. 
ABKAS, one of the feven nations, in the countries 
comprehended between the Black Sea and the Cafpian. Its 
capital is Anakopir, tributary to the Turks. 
To ABLACTATE, v. a. [ablatio, Lat.] To wean from 
the bread. 
ABLACTATION, f . in medicine, the taking a child 
from the milk of the bread; alfo called apqgalaSifmus. 
When the mother wants health, or ftrength ; hath too fmall 
nipples, or ill formed ones; when the infant will not take 
the bread; the mother’s milk is bad or in too fmall a quan¬ 
tity; when the mother hath weak nerves, is apt ealily to 
be furprifed; thefe defefts fpoil the milk, and render it 
advifeable to wean the child. It can never be ti fifth 1 to con¬ 
tinue the bread more than eight or nine months; but gene¬ 
rally, if a child is favoured with a good fupply by fucking, 
during its fird three or four months, and is in a tolerably 
healthful date, it will rarely be the worfe for weaning at 
this early period; fo that if difficulties attend its'being fuck- 
led, there need not be any hell tat ion about taking it from 
the bread. If it feeds tolerably with the fpoon, and is free 
front diforders in its bowels, a tendency to convulfions, &c. 
weaning may be attempted at any time. But, if feeding 
with the fpoon is difficult; if the child is much fubjeft to 
the gripes, &c. another nurfe lhould be fought for, and 
weaning mud be deferred until more favourable circum- 
flances attend. In general, the fooner a child is weaned, 
the more eafy it parts with the bread. Prudence direfts 
to accudom infants to early feeding with the fpoon, and to 
continue the fame until the bread may be wholly omitted. 
They fnould only be fed once in fix hours, at the mod, du¬ 
ring the flrd two months; and fliould be entirely weaned 
from the bread, and from all feeding in the night; for 
Vol. I. No. 2. 
A B L 2 i 
night-feeding bloats them, and if they are not ufed to it in 
the fird week, they will never want it: if they are not 
didurbed from their birth, in a week or two, they will be 
formed to a habit of deeping mod of the night very quietly. 
The food lhould be fimple and light; not fpoiled with 
fugar, wine, and fuch-like additions, for they produce the 
difeafes with which children are mod troubled, acidities in 
the primes vice. Unfermented flour makes a vifcid food that 
turns four before it digeds, and well fermented bread foon 
turns four; but if this latter is made into frefn panada eve¬ 
ry night and morning, or, in cool Weather, every morning, 
the inconvenience of fouring is prevented. To avoid aci¬ 
dity in the child’s flomach by a daily ufe of vegetable food, 
give now and then a little frelh broth, made from either 
veal, mutton, or beef, once or twice in the day; fuppofe, 
for example, a mixture of equal parts of the gravy which 
is difeharged in cutting a joint that is brought hot on the 
table, and warm water, to which may be added a little fait, 
and thus an excellent broth is readily made. This fills 
children with hymours, only of the mod nourifhing kind. 
Cows milk, a little diluted with water, is an excellent lub - 
flitute for the mother’s; yet, as it is apt to turn four, add 
to it a little Litbon fugar. Rice is not fb apt to turn four 
as wheat bread is; it therefore would be a more conveni¬ 
ent food for children, and deferves to be attended to. Toaft- 
ed bread boiled in water tiii it is almoft dry, then mixed 
with frelh milk, not boiled, is ap agreeable change. As 
the teeth advance, the dietynay increafe in its folidity. A[s 
to the quantity, let the appetite be the meafure of it; ob- 
ferving to fatjsfy hunger, but no more, which may be thus 
managed; feed the child no longer than lie eats with a de¬ 
gree of eagernefs. In feeding, let the child be held in a 
fitting pofture, and thus continue it until the flomach has 
nearly digefted its contents. The practice of violently 
dancing and fhaking the child lhould be avoided, though 
moderate exercife is elfentially neceffary.—Keep the .child 
awake until it breaks wind after each time it is fed ; divert 
it during the day as much as you can, and thus it will 
foon lie quiet all the night. Never awaken a child when 
it is alleep, for thus fickyefs and peevilhnefs are often 
produced. As foon as teeth appear, give the child now 
and then a piece of fifth meat in its hand to chew; but 
never give it any confectionaries. 
Ablactation,/ One of the methods of grafting; 
and, according to the fignification of the word, as it were 
a weaning of a lcion by degrees .from its mother flock; 
not cutting it off wholly from the flock, till it is firmly 
united to that on which it is grafted. 
ABLAI, a country of Great •Tartary, the inhabitants 
of which, called Buc/iprs or Bac/iares, are fubjeft toRuffia, 
but that only for protection. It is governed by a Calmuc 
prince, and lies eaftward of the. river Irtis, extending five 
hundred leagues along the fouthern frontiers of Siberia. 
ABLANIA,/ in botany. See Trichocarpus. 
ABLAQUEATION,/ [ ablaqueatio , Lat.] The art or 
praftice of opening the ground about the roots of trees, to 
let the air and water operate upon them. 
ABLATION,/ [ ablatio , Lat.] The aft of taking away. 
ABLATIVE, adj. in grammar, [ ablativus , Lat.] .That 
which takes away. It is. the .fixth cafe of Latin nqiins. 
Prifcian alfo calls it the comparative cafe-, as ferving among 
the Latins for comparing as well as for taking away. The 
.ablative is oppofite to the dative; the firft exprefling 
the aftion of taking away, and the latter that of giving. 
In Englifn, French, Sec. there is no precife mark whereby 
to diftinguifli the. ablative from other cafes; and we only 
ufe .the term in analogy to th.e Latin. Thus, in the two 
phrafes, the magnitude of the pity, .and lie J'pofre much of the 
city, w„e fay, that of the city in th.e lirfi \igenitive-, and in 
the latter ablative-, becaufe it would be fo,.if the two phra¬ 
fes were expreffed in Latin. 
The queftion concerning the Greek ablative has been tire 
fubjeft of a famous literary war between'two great.gram¬ 
marians, Frifchlin and Cruiius; tire former of jvhorn main¬ 
tained, and the latter oppofed, the reality of it. Tliedif- 
G * pute 
