A C H 
in order to obtain deliverance from the infe£ls and the dis¬ 
orders occafioned by them. 
ACHRADINA, anciently one of the four cities or di- 
vifions of Syracufe, and the thonged, larged, and mod 
beautiful, part of it; Separated by a very drong wall from 
the outer town, Tycha and Neapolis. It was adorned with 
a very large forum, with beautiful porticos, a mod elegant 
prytaneum, a fpacious fenate-houfe, and a fuperb temple 
of Jupiter Olympius. 
ACHRAS,/ [the Greek name of a tree in Theophra- 
dus, commonly tranflated the wild pear.~\ In botany, a ge¬ 
nus of the hexandria monogynia clafs, ranking in the na- 
tiwal order of dumofae. The generic characters are—■ 
Calyx: perianthium fix-leaved; leaflets ovate, concave, 
erett; outer broader fhorter, inner coloured. Corolla: 
one-petalled, ovate, of the fame height with the calyx ; 
border cut Into fix fubovate flat divilions; Scales at the 
jaws of the corolla, equal in length to the divilions, nar¬ 
rower, Spreading, emarginate. Stamina: filaments Short, 
awl-lhaped, at the jaws of the corolla, alternate with the 
divilions, bent inwards; anthera: lharp. Pidillum: germ 
ronndd/h, flatted; dyle awl-lhaped, longer than the corol¬ 
la; fligma obtufe. Pericarpium : a globofe very fuccu- 
lent pome, with twelve cells. Seeds : Solitary, ovate, Shin¬ 
ing, Scarred on one fide and pointed at the bale.— Ejfential 
CkaraEler. Calyx: fix-leaved. Corolla: ovate, iexfid; 
with fix Scales alternate, more within. Pome, ten-celled. 
Seeds Solitary, with a fear on the edge, and a tail or pro- 
cefs at the top. 
Species, s. Achras mammofa, or mamme fapota, other- 
wife called the nippled fapota or American marmalade, 
grows in America to the height of thirty-five or forty feet, 
having a draight trunk, covered with an alh-coloured bark. 
The branches are produced on every fide, fo as to form a 
regular head. The leaves are a foot in length, and near 
three inches broad in the middle. The flowers are cream- 
coloured, and are fucceeded by large oval or top-lhaped 
fruit, covered with a brownilh Skin, under which is a 
thick pulp of a rulfet colour, very lufeious, called natural 
marmalade, from its likenefs to marmalade of quinces. 
This tree is commonly planted in gardens for the fruit, in 
Jamaica, Barbadoes, Cuba, and mod of the Wed-India 
idands. This Species has a Sixth part lefs in the parts of 
fructification.—There is all'o a variety of this, called the 
bully or nilbery-bully tree, becaufe it generally grows the 
tailed of all the trees in the woods: its fruit is Small, 
and the feeds oblong and narrow. It is edeemed one of 
the bed timber-trees in Jamaica. 
2. Achras fapota, or common fapota: flowers Solitary, 
leaves lanceolate-ovate. This is a large, tall, draight, 
tree, without knots or branches, for Sixty or Seventy feet 
or more. The head Spreads into many Small branches, 
which grow pretty thick and clofe together. The bark is 
dark grey, thick and rough, full of large chops. The 
fruit is bigger than a quince, round, and covered with a 
thick grey rind, which when the fruit is ripe becomes 
yellow and tough. The flelh is yellow as a carrot, and in 
the middle are two large rough dones, flat, and each much 
bigger than an almond. The fruit Smells very well, and 
the tade is anfwerable. It is deferibed by Swartz as a Soft 
roundiSh berry, the Size of a Small apple, having from fix 
to twelve cells, with Several feeds in each: he remarks, 
however, that mod of the Seeds are nfually lod by culti¬ 
vation.—The American fapota, or ni(berry-tree, is com¬ 
mon about Panama, and Some other places in the Spanish 
Wed Indies, but is notto be found in many of the English 
Settlements.—The fapodillia is thus deferibed by Brow ne. 
It rifes to a considerable height, throwing out its branch¬ 
es on all Sides. Leaves Smooth and beautiful; and the 
fruit, which generally grow’s among them, of a moderate 
fize, and when ripe of a delicate mellow tafte. All the 
tender parts are full of a milky juice, extremely harSh, 
and bitterish; but the fruit, though full of this w hile 
young, is very fweet and agreeable w hen it ripens. T. he 
Vol. I. No. 5. 
A C H 7 j 
Shells that cov.er the feeds are generally of a Shining or 
gloSTy brown cad, but the inward edge is always whitish 
and rugged. The kernel is bitter, and may be ufed oc¬ 
casionally in drengthening emulsions. The lapadillo-trce. 
Says Dampier, is as big as a large pear-tree, the fruit 
much like a Bergoma pear in colour, Shape, and Size; but 
in fome trees the fruit is a little longer. When it is green 
or fird gathered the juice is white and clammy, and will 
dick like glue; then the fruit is hard, but, when it has 
been gathered two or three days, it grows Soft and juicy, 
and then the juice is clear as fpring water, and very fweet; 
in the midd of the fruit are two or three black dones or 
feeds, about the bignefs of a pompion-feed. This is an 
excellent fruit. 
3. Achras difleCta, or cloven-flowered fapota: flowers, 
crowded, corollas cloven into eight parts, leaves obovate, 
bluntly notched at the end. This is a lofty tree, with a 
thick upright trunk, and abundance of branches, tuber- 
cled, and bearing leaves and branches at the ends. The 
flowers are white, and about half an inch in diameter. 
All the herbaceous parts of this tree are milky. It is 
cultivated in Malabar for the fruit, which is a pome of 
the form and fize of an olive, fucculent, the pulp of a 
fweetifh acid flavour, and containing only one or two feeds, 
the red of the cells being ufually abortive. The leaves 
are uled for cataplafms to tumours, being bruifed and 
boiled with the root of curcuma and the leaves of ginger. 
It is fuppofed to be a native of the Philippine idands, 
whence it is called Manylkara and Manil-gale , and by the 
Portuguefe Fruita Manilha. It probably grows alio in 
China, for the Dutch call it Chineefche pruynen. Forder 
found it flowering in September, in the ifland of Tonga- 
taboo. 
4. Achras falicifolia, or willow-leaved fapota: flowers 
crowded, leaves lanceolate-ovate, acuminate. This tree, 
called in Jamaica white-bully tree or galimeta-wood, grows 
to a confiderable height, with many branches towards the 
top, ridng irregularly, at diflant dages, as in mod firs. It 
is commonly draight and tapering, and mod frequently' 
found in the lower lands. The wood is pale yellow, and 
reckoned good timber, but is modly ufed in fuch parts of 
the building as are lead expofed to the weather. No part 
of the tree is milky. 
The bark of the fapota and mammofa is very adringent, 
and goes under the name of Cortex Jamacienfis. It was 
once fuppofed by fome to be the true jefuit’s bark, has been 
given as fuch to the negroes with very ill edett, and lias 
been tried in England. It is an excellent aftringent, but 
very different from jefuit’s bark. 
Propagation and Culture. As thefe trees are natives of 
very warm countries, they cannot be preferved in Eng¬ 
land, unlefs they are placed in the wanned doves and ma¬ 
naged with great care. They are propagated by planting 
the dones, but, as thefe will not keep good long out of the 
ground, the fured method to obtain thefe plants is, to have 
the dones planted in tubs of earth as foon as they are taken 
out of the fruit, and the tubs placed in a lituation where 
they may have the morning fun, and kept duly watered. 
When the plants come up, they mud be fecured from 
vermin, and kept clear from weeds, but diould remain in 
the country till they are about a foot high, when they may 
be fhipped for England; they fhould be brought over 
in the dimmer, and, if poflibie, time enough for the plants 
to make good roots after they arrive. During their paf- 
fage they mud have fome water, while they continue, in a 
warm climate; but, as they come into colder weather, they 
diould have very little moidure ; and they mud be fecured 
from fait water, which will loon dedroy the plants if it 
gets at them. When thefe plants arrive in England, they 
Ihould be carefully taken out of the tubs, preferving fome 
earth to their roots, and planted into pots filled with frefh 
earth, and then plunged into a moderate hot-bed of tan¬ 
ners’ bark, obferving, if the weather is hot, to fhade the 
glafles with mats every day, toicreenthe plants from the 
U fan 
