ADA ADA 107 
ver, was fo far from giving him affiftance, that he grant -^^Propagation and Culture. It is propagated by feeds, 
ed the revenue of his fee to the duke of Lennox ; fo that which mult be procured from the country where it grows 
the remaining part of his life was very wretched, having naturally, for it does not produce any in Europe; thefe 
hardly fubfiftence for his family. Hediedin 1591. mult befown in pots, and plunged into a hot-bed, where, 
ADANA, a town of Afia, in Natolia, and in the pro- in about fix weeks, the plants will come up, and in a Ihort 
vince of Carmania. It is l'eated on the river Choquen; 
on the banks of which Hands a ftrong caltle built on a 
rock. It has a great number of beautiful fountains 
brought from the river by means of water-works. Over 
the river there is a (lately bridge of fifteen arches, 
which leads to the water-works. The climate is plea- 
fant and healthy, and the winter mild and ferene : but 
the fummer is fo hot as to oblige the principal inhabitants 
to retire into the neighbouring mountains, where they 
fpend fix months among lhady trees and grottoes, in a 
molt delicious manner. The adjacent country is rich and 
fertile, and produces melons, cucumbers, pomegranates, 
pulfe, and herbs of all forts, all the year round ; befides 
corn, wine, and fruits, in their proper feafon. It is thir¬ 
ty miles ealt of Tarfus, on the road to Aleppo. E. Ion. 
35. 42. N. lat. 38. 10. 
ADANSONIA, [named from M. Adanfon, a French 
furgeon, who relided many years in Senegal, brought home 
a curious collection of feeds and plants, publifhed his tra¬ 
vels, and a new arrangement of vegetables, entitled Fa¬ 
milies des Plantes . ] In botany, a genus of the monadelphia 
polyandria clafs, of the natural order of columniferas. 
The generic characters are—Calyx : perianth one-leaved, 
femiquinquefid, cyathiform; divifions revolute, decidu¬ 
ous. Corolla: petals five, roundifh, nerved, revolute, 
connected by the claws with each other and the ftamens. 
Stamina : filaments united at bottom into a tube, which 
they crown, expanding horizontally. Antherae kidney- 
fltaped. Piftillum : germ ovate. Style very long, tubu- 
lous, varioully intorted. Stigmas many (ten) prifmatic, 
villous, radiate-expanded. Pericarpium : capfule ovate, 
woody, not gaping, ten-celled, (ten to fourteen g.) with 
farinaceous pulp, the partitions membranaceous. Seeds: 
numerous, kidney-lhaped, rather bony, involved in a 
friable pulp.— Ejfential Character. Calyx, fimple, deci¬ 
duous. Style, very long. Stigmas, many. Capfule, 
woody, ten-celled, with farinaceous pulp, and many feeds. 
There is only one fpecies, which is called Adanfonia 
digitata, or Ethiopian four-gourd, or monkey’s-bread.—■ 
The young plants, and alfo moll of the new branches, have 
fingle fpear-lhaped leaves towards their lower part, but at 
their extremities the leaves have fome three, and others 
five lobes, of the fame fize and form as the lower, which 
are difpofed like a hand ; thefe are entire, ending in a 
point, and fall off in winter. The Hems are large and 
woody, but of a foft texture, and have generally a large 
fwelling near the root. The account which Monlieur 
Adanfon gives of the trees he law at Senegal and other 
parts of Africa, in regard to the fize of them, is amazing; 
he meafured feveral from fixty-five to feventy-eight feet 
in circumference ; but their height was not extraordina¬ 
ry. The trunks were from twelve to fifteen feet high, 
before they divided into many horizontal branches which 
touched the ground at their extremities ; thefe were from 
forty-five to fifty-five feet long, and were fo large, that 
each branch was equal to a monftrous tree : and where 
the water of a neighbouring river had walked away the 
earth, fo as to leave the roots of one of thefe trees bare 
and open to fight, they meafured one hundred and ten 
feet long, without including thofe parts of the roots which 
remained covered. Profper Alpinus, in his hiltory of 
Egyptian plants, defcribes this tree, to which he gives the 
title of baobab, fo that it alfo grows in that country ; but 
he does not mention any of them to be near the fize of thofe 
defcribed by Monfieur Adanfon. The frelli fruit is very 
pleafant, of an acid flavour, and is eaten with fugar. 
The pulp or juice mixed with fugar, or a fyrup made of 
it, is ufed in putrid and pellilential fevers. At Cairo they 
reduce the pulp to a powder, and ufe it in thefe diforders, 
in the lientery, dyfentery, and all forts of fluxes. 
3 
time after be fit to tranfplant, when they fhould be each 
planted into a feparate pot, filled with light fandy earth, 
and plunged into a frelh hot-bed, obferving to fliade them 
until they have taken new root; after which time they 
fhould have free air admitted to them every day in warm 
weather, but mull be fparingly watered; for as their Hems 
are foft, efpecially when young, too much wet will caufe 
them to rot. As the plants advance in their growth, they 
are to be Ihifted into larger pots, but mull conllantly be 
plunged into the bark-bed, being too tender to thrive in 
this country without this artificial heat, therefore they 
mull conllantly remain in the Hove with other tender exo¬ 
tic plants : the plants when young make great progrefs in 
their growth, where they are properly treated ; for in three 
years many of them have been more than fix feet high, 
and have put out feveral lateral branches ; their Hems are 
alfo proportionable ; but after four or five years growth, 
they are almolt at a Hand, their annual (boots rarely ex¬ 
ceeding two or three inches. There were fome plants of 
this fort in feveral gardens, which were raifed from feeds 
obtained from Grand Cairo in the year 1724, by the late 
Dr. William Sherard, fome of which were grown to the 
height of eighteen feet; but in the fevere winter 1740, 
they were all loll, and (ince that time there had not been 
any of the feeds brought to England, till the return of 
M. Adanfon to Paris in 1734, who lent fome of the feeds 
over here, which have fucceeded, and many of the plants 
grew upwards of twelve or fifteen feet high. 
To ADAPT, v. a. [adapto , Lat.] To fit one thing to 
another; to fuit; to proportion.—It is not enough that 
nothing offends the ear, but a good poet will adapt the ve¬ 
ry founds, as well as words, to the things he treats of. 
Pope. 
ADAPTATION, /. The aft of fitting one thing to 
another; the fitnefs of one thing to another.—Some fpecies 
there be of middle natures, that is, of bird and beafi, as 
bats; yet are their parts fo fet together, that we cannot 
define the beginning or end of either, there being a cora- 
mixtion of both, rather than adaptation or cement of the 
one unto the other. Brown. 
ADAPTION,/] The a Cl of fitting.—It were alone a 
a fufficient work to lbew all the neceflities, the wife Con¬ 
trivances, and prudent adaptions, of thele admirable ma¬ 
chines, for the benefit of the w'hole. Cheyne. 
ADAPTNESS,/ [for adaptednefs, from adapt.'] —-Some 
notes are to difplay the adaptnejs of the found to the fenfe, 
Newton. 
ADAR,y. the name of a Hebrew month, anfw r ering to 
the end of February and beginning of March, the 12th 
of their facred, and 6th of their civil, year. On the fe- 
venth day of it, the Jews keep a feafi lor the death of 
Mofes; on the thirteenth they have the feafi of Either; 
and, on the 14th, they celebrate the feafi of Purim, for 
their deliverance from Hainan’s confpiracy. As the lunar 
years, which the Jews followed in their calculation, is 
Hiorter than the folar by about eleven days, which at the 
end of three years make a month, they then intercalate a 
thirteenth month, which they call Veadar, or the fecond 
Adar. 
ADARCE,/ a faltifii concretion found about the reeds 
and grafs in marlhy grounds in Galatia; it is alfo called 
calomochanus, or calomochnus. It is lax and porous, like 
bafiard fponge, and is ufed to clear the (kin with in lepro- 
fies, tetters, freckles, &c. Dr. Plott gives an account of 
this production in his Natural Hiltory of Oxfordlhire. 
ADARCON, f. in Jewifn antiquity, a gold coin, men¬ 
tioned in fcripture, worth about 15s. Herling. 
ADARETON, an illand in the lake VanTurcomania, 
having on it feveral villages, and a monafiery of Arme¬ 
nian monks. 
ADARME, 
