126 ADR 
nation to a religious life, he left Paris, and removed to 
Provence, where he became a regular clerk in the monaf- 
tery of St. Rufus. He was not immediately allowed to 
take the habit; but paifed fome time, by way of trial, in 
recommending himfelfto the monks by a drift attention to 
all their command's. This behaviour, together with the 
beauty of his perfon, and prudent conversation, rendered 
him fo acceptable to thofe religious, that after fome time 
they intreated him to take the habit of the canonical order. 
Here he diftinguifhed himfelf fo much by his learning and 
drift obfervance of the monadic difcipline, that, upon the 
death of the abbot, he was chofen fuperior of that houfe ; 
and we are told that he rebuilt that convent. Pope Euge¬ 
nius III. being apprifed of the great merit of Nicholas, 
and thinking he might be ferviceable to the church in a 
higher dation, created him cardinal bidiop of Alba in 
1146. In 1148, hisholinels lent him legate to Denmark 
and Norway ; where, by his fervent preaching and dili¬ 
gent indruftions, he converted thofe barbarous nations to 
the Chridian faith; and erefted Upfal into an archiepif- 
copal fee. When he returned to Rome, he was received 
by the pope and cardinals with great marks of honour: 
and pope Anadafms, who fucceeded Eugenius, happening 
to die at this time, Nicholas was unanimoudy chofen to 
the holy fee, in November 1154, and he took the name of 
Adrian. When the news of his promotion reached Eng¬ 
land, king Henry II. fent Robert abbot of St. Alban’s, 
and three bifliops, to Rome, to congratulate him on his 
eleftion ; upon which occafion Adrian granted very confi¬ 
de rable privileges to the monadery of St. Alban’s, parti¬ 
cularly an exemption from all epifcopal jurifdiftion, ex¬ 
cepting to the fee of Rome. He died September id, 1159, 
in the fourth year and tenth month of his pontificate; and 
was buried in St. Peter’s church, near the tomb of his pre- 
decelfor Eugenius. There are extant feveral letters, and 
fome homilies, written by Pope Adrian. 
Adrian, cardinal-pried, of the title of St. Chryfogo- 
nus, was a native of Cornetto in Ttifcany. Innocent 
VIII. fent him nuncio into Scotland and into France; and, 
after he had been clerk and treafurer of the apddolic 
chamber, pope Alexander VI. whofe fecretary he. had 
been, honoured him with the cardinal’s hat. His life was 
a continued-fcene of odd alterations. He narrowly efca- 
ped death the day .Alexander Vl.poifoned himfelf by mil- 
take. Afterward he drew upon himfelf the hatred of Ju¬ 
lius II. fo that he was obliged to go and hide himfelf in 
the mountains of Trent. Having been recalled by Leo 
X. he was fo ungrateful, that he engaged in a confpiracy 
againd him. The pope pardoned his fault: but the cardi¬ 
nal, not caring to trud to this, made his efcape, and it could 
never be known exactly what became of him. He was one 
of the fird that effeftually reformed the Latin dyle. He 
dudied Cicero with great fuccefs, and made many excel¬ 
lent obfervations on the propriety of the Latin tongue. 
The treatife he compofed De fermone Latino, is a proof of 
this. He had begun a Latin tranllation of the Old Tef- 
tament. He wrote De vera philofophia. This treatife was 
printed at Cologne 1584. 
Adrian VI. (Pope), was born at Utrecht in 1459. 
His father was not able to maintain him, but he got a place 
at Louvain, in a college in which a certain number of 
fcholars were maintained gratis. It is reported that he 
ufed to read in the night-time by the light of the lamps 
in the churches or dreets. He made a confiderable pro- 
grefs in all the faiences; led an exemplary life ; and there 
never was a man lefs intriguing and forward than he 
was. He took his degree of docdor of divinity at Louvain; 
was foon after made canon of St. Peter’s, and prcfelfor of 
divinity at Utrecht, and then dean of St. Peter’s and vice- 
chancelior of the univerfity. He was obliged to leave an 
academical life, to be tutor to the archduke Charles. 
This young prince made no great progrefs under him: 
h.owever, never was a tutor more confiderably rewarded ; 
for it was by Charles V.’s credit he wasraifed to the papal 
throne. He died Sept. 14, 1523. 
ADR 
ADRIANI (Joanni Battida), was born of a pafficlaii 
family at Florence in 1511. He wrote a HidOfy of his 
own Times in Italian; which is a continuajipp' of Gruicci- 
ardini, beginning at ’the year 1536 i *9 /which Thuaitu* 
acknowledges himfelf greatly indebted : befides which 
he compofed fix funeral orations, on the emperor Charles 
V. and other noble perfonages. He died at Florence in 
1 579 - 
ADRIANISTS, inecclefiadical hidory, a feft-of here¬ 
tics divided into two branches ; the fird were difciples of 
Simon Magus, and flourifiied about tlie'year'34.' Theo- 
doret is the only perfon who has preferved their name an'd 
memory; but he gives us no account of their origin. 
Probably this feet, and the fix others which fprurig from 
the Simonians, took their name from the particulardif- 
ciples of Simon.. The fecond were the followers of Adri¬ 
an Hamdead, the anabaptid; and held fome particular er¬ 
rors concerning Chrid. 
ADRIANO-A-SIERRA, a chain of mountains of 
Bifcay in Spain. There is a road over them to Aalba and 
Old Cadile, which at its beginning is a dark path of fifty 
paces'cut through a rock, and then leads over the highed 
of the Pyrenees. 
ADRIANOPLE, a 'city of Turkey in Europe, in tl,ie 
province of Romania, and the fee of an archbifhop, under 
the patriarch of Condahtinople. It is about feven or eight 
miles in circumference, including the old city and fome 
gardens. The houfes are' low, and the-dreets dirty. 
The walls and towers are in a great meafure fallen to de¬ 
cay. However, there .is a beautiful bazar, or market, 
half a mile long, called Ali Balia. It is a Vad arch build¬ 
ing,'with fix! gates, and 365 well-furnifiied fiiops, kept by 
Turks, Armenians* and Jews. The number of inhabi¬ 
tants of all nations and religions may be about 100,000;. 
but it is dear living- here, bqcaufe the provilions are 
brought from didant places. The air is wholefome, and 
the country very pleafant iii the dimmer time, on account 
of the river and dreams that run near and about the city ; 
the chief of w hich is the Mariza. Thefe promote and 
preferve the Verdure of the gardens, meadows, and fields, 
for a confiderable part of the year. In the winter thefe 
is plenty of game. 'Nearthe principal bazar there is ano¬ 
ther, about a mile in length, full of diops, which contain 
all kinds of commodities. Sultan Selim’s mofque dands 
on the fide of a hill, in the midd of the city ; and hence 
this magnificent drufture may be feen on all lides. Gold 
and iilver articles, jewels, pidols, feimetars, &c. are fold 
in another part of the city, called by travellers, the. bizef- 
t'ein, thbugh it differs little from a bazar. This contains 
about 200 diops, and is covered like the former : but the 
covering.is fupported by two rows of large pillars. The 
grand vizier’s palace is an extenfive houfe, after the Turk- 
idi manner of building. The emperor’s feraglio, is a re¬ 
gular drudture, in a plain near the river Tungia. It is 
two miles in compafs, and has feven gates, befides thofe 
of the gardens, which are feveral miles in circumference. 
The city is governed by a mullah cadi, who has an abfo- 
lute authority both in civil and criminal matters. In the 
time of the plague, or war, the grand fignior fometimes 
refides here. The Turks took this city from the Greeks 
in 1362, and made fit the capital of the empire, till Ma¬ 
homet II. took Condantinople in 1453. E. Ion. 26. 27. 
lat. 41. 41. 
ADRIFT, adv. Floating at random; as any impulfe 
may drive: 
Then, (hall this mount 
Of paradife, by might of waves, be mov’d 
Out of his place, pufh’d by the horned flood. 
With all his verdure fpoil’d, and trees adrift , 
Down the great river, to the open gulf, 
And there .take root. Milton. 
ADROGATION, in Roman antiquities, a fpecies of 
adoption, whereby a perfon who w'as capable of chooling 
for himfelf was admitted by another into the relation of a 
Ion. 
