A D Y 
were fometimes advowees, advocatijfae. And, in effeft, 
the canon law mentions fome who had this title, and who 
had the fame right of prefentation, &c. in their churches, 
which the advowees themfelves had. In a flat. 25 Edw. 
III. we meet with advowee paramount for the higheft pa¬ 
tron; that is, the king. 
ADVOWSON,/ in law, is the right of prefentation to a 
church or ecclelialtical benefice. It fignifies being advo¬ 
cate of the church, or taking it into proteftion; and there¬ 
fore is fynonymous with patronage; and he who has the 
right of advowfon is called the patron of the church. For 
when lords of manors „firft built churches on their own 
demefnes, and endowed them with glebe or other poflef- 
fions, every fuch lord had of common right a power an¬ 
nexed of nominating a minifter to officiate in that church 
of which he was the founder, endower, maintainer, or, in 
ame word, the patron. 2 Blackjl. 21. 
Advowfons are either appendant, or in grofs. Lords of 
manors being originally the only founders, and of courfe 
the only patrons, of churches, the right of patronage or 
prefentation, fo long as it continues annexed to the poffef- 
fion of the manor, as fome have done from the founda¬ 
tion of the church to this day, is called an advowfon ap¬ 
pendant ; and it will pafs or be conveyed, together with the 
manor, as incident and appendant thereto, by a,grant of the 
manor only, without adding any other words. But where 
tire property of the advowfon hath been once feparated 
from the property of the manor, by legal conveyance, it 
is called an advowfon in grofs, or at large, and never can 
be appendant any more; but is for the future annexed to 
the perfon of its owner, and not to his manor or lands. 
Advowfons are alfo either prcfentative, collative, or dona¬ 
tive. An advowfon prefentative is, where the patron hath 
a right of prefentation to the bifhop or ordinary, and more¬ 
over to demand of him to inftitute his clerk, if he finds 
him canonically qualified. An advowfon collative is,.where 
the bifhop and patron are one and the fame perfon: in 
which cafe the bifhop cannot prefent to himfelf; but he 
doth, by the one aft of collation or conferring the bene¬ 
fice, the whole that is done in common cafes by both pre¬ 
fentation and inftitution. An advowfon donative is, when 
the king, or any fubjeft by his licence, doth found a church 
or chapel, and ordains that it fhall be merely in the gift 
or difpofal of the patron, fubjeft to his vifitation only, 
and not to that of the ordinary; and vefted abfolutely in 
the clerk by the patron’s deed of donation, without pre¬ 
fentation, inftitution, or induftion. Id. An advowfon in 
fee is, affets by defcent, to fatisfy bond creditors. 3 Atk.46 3. 
To ADURE, v.n. \_aduro , Lat.] To burn up: not in 
ufe.—Such a degree of heat, which doth neither melt nor 
fcorch, doth.m.ellow', and not adure. Bacon, 
ADUST, adj. [adufus, .Lat.] Burnt up ; hot as with 
fire; fcorched. It is generally now applied, in a medici¬ 
nal or philofophical fenfe, to the complexion and humours 
of the body. Such is choler fuppofed to be. Melan¬ 
choly is ufually conlidered as black and aduft bile. Blood 
is faid to be aduft, when, by reafpn pf fome extraordinary 
heat, its more fubtlp parts are all evaporated, leaving the 
grofter, with all the impurities therein, half tqrrified. 
ADUSTED, adj. Burnt; fcorched; dried, with fire. 
Hot, as the complexion. 
ADUSTIBLE>..£</ That which may fee adufted, or 
burnt up. 
ADUSTION,/. The aft of burning up, or drying, tts 
by fire.—This is ordinarily a confequent of a burning col¬ 
liquative fever; the fofter parts being melte ( d away, the 
heat continuing its adufion, upon the drier and flelhy parts, 
changes into, a marcid fever. Harvey. 
ADY,/ in botany. See Palma Ady. 
ADYNAMIA,/ [from priv. and ftrength, 
force,] .Langour, weaknefs,. impotence, from iicknefs or 
difeafe: adunatos, leipopfychia. Alfo drowfinefs or fieepi- 
nefs, laffitude, deleft of vital powers. In Dr. Cuilen’s 
N otology, this word diftinguilh.es an order in his.clafs neu- 
Voi.. I. No. 9. 
m d r 1.33 
rdfes: he defines it to be difeafes confifting in a weaknefs 
or lofs of motion, in either the vital or natural frfnftions. 
Thefe difeafes are alfo called defedivi. 
ADYNAMON,/ among ancient phyficians, a kind of 
weak faftitious wine, prepared from mujl boiled down with 
water; to be given to patients to whom genuine wine 
might be hurtful. 
ADYTUM, f. in pagan antiquity, the 1110ft retired and 
facred place of their temples, into which none but the, 
priefts were allowed to enter. The Sanftum Sanftorum 
of the temple of Solomon was of the nature of the pagan 
adytum, none but the high-prieft being admitted into it, 
and he but once a-year. 
ADZ,/ See Addice. 
AE, or YE, a dipthongof very frequent ufe in the Latin 
language, which feems not properly to have any place in 
the Englilh; fince the <z of the Saxons has been long out 
of ufe, being changed to e fimple, to which, in words fre-.- 
quently occurring, the ce of the Romans is, in the fame 
manner, altered, as in equator, cquinpdial, and even in Eneas » 
ZEACEA,/. in Grecian antiquity, folemn feftivals and. 
games celebrated at ZEgina, in honour of riSacus. 
ZEACUS^ the fon of Jupiter by riSgina. When the 
Ifle.of riEgina was depopulated by a plague, his father, in 
compaftion to his grief, changed all the ants upon it into 
men and women, who were called Myrmidons, from, uvp- 
/zuf, ant. The foundation of the fable is faid to be, that 
when the country had been depopulated by pirates, who 
forced the few that remained to take Ihelter in caves, TEa-. 
cus encouraged them to come out, and, by commerce and 
induftry, recover what they had loft. His charafter for 
juftice was.fuch, that, in a time of univerfal drought, he 
was nominated by the Delphic oracle to intercede for 
Greece, and his prayer was anfwered. .See the article 
ZEgima. 
.TiBURA, an ancient tow r n of Spain, in Eftremadura,. 
on-the river Guadiana, to the weft of Merida, now called- 
Talavera. Lat. 38. 40. Ion. 7. 15. W, 
ZECHMALOTARCHA,/. in Jewifh antiquity, a tide 
given to the principal, leader or governor of the Hebrew, 
captives redding in Chaldea, AlTyria, and the neighbour-, 
ing countries. This magiftrate was called by the Jews 
rofch-galath, i. e. the chief of the captivity: but the above 
term, of like import in the Greek, is that ufed by Origen 
and others who wrote in the Greek tongue. 
^ECULANUM, anciently a towrn of the Hirpini, in 
Italy, at the foot of the Appenin, to the eaft of Abelli- 
num, fituate between Beneventum and Tarentum. Now- 
called Fricento, forty-three miles eaft of Naples. Lat.. 
41.15. Ion, 15. 38. E. 
.TLDES,/ in Roman antiquity, befides its more ordinary 
lignification of a hoiife, likewife fignified an inferior kind 
of temple, confecrated to fome deity. 
riiDICULA,/ a term uled to denote the inner part of 
the temple, where the altar and ftatue.of the deity ftood. 
^DILATE,/ the office of sedild, fometimes called 
aedility. See the next article. 
ZEDILE,/. \_cedilis, Lat.] In Roman antiquity, a ma¬ 
giftrate whofe chief bufinefs was to fuperintend buildings 
of all kinds, but more efpecially public ones, astemples* 
aquaedufts, bridges, &c. To the tediles likewife belonged 
the care of the highways, public places, weights and mea-> 
fures, &c. They alfo fixed the prices of.pro-vifions, took 
cognizance of debauches, punifned lewd women,-and futh 
perfons as frequented gaming houfeS. The cuftody of 
the plebifcita, or orders of the people, w.as,likewife com¬ 
mitted to them. They had the.dnfpeftio'n. of comedies 
and other pieces of wit; and were obliged to exhibit mag-t 
nificent games to the people, at their own expence, where¬ 
by many-of them were ruined. To. them alfo belonged 
the cuftody of the plebifcita,-and the cenfure and exami.-i 
nation of books. They had the power,, on certain occa- 
fions, of iffuing edifts; and, by degrees, they procured to 
themfelves a confiderable jurifdiftion, the cognizance of 
M m various 
