228 
A J U 
expeCt from its endowments. The church is one huge 
nef, with a double aijle to it; and, at eacli end, is a large 
quire. Addifon. 
AISNE, a river of France, which rifes in Champaign, 
and runs W. by SoitTons in the Ifie of France, falling in 
the river Oife, a little above Campeigne. 
AIT, or Eyght,/. [fuppofed, by Skinner, tobecor- 
• rupted from z/et.] A fmall ifland in a river. 
AITOCZU, a confiderable river of .LelTer Afia, which, 
arifingin the mountain Taurus, falls into the fouth part of 
the Euxine fea. 
AITONIA,/! [from Mr. Aiton, late gardener to his 
majefty at Kew.J In botany, a genus of the monadelphia 
oCtandria clafs, of the natural order of columniferae. The 
generic characters are—Calyx- perianth one-leaved, ereCt, 
four-parted, lhort, divided into four ovate fharp feg- 
ments. Corolla: has four, ereCt, equal, broadly-ovate, 
concave, very obtufe, petals. Stamina: filaments joined 
as far as the middle, divided above into eight; awl-fhap- 
ed, furrowed, (landing out of the corolla; and having 
ovate furrowed antherte. Piftillum: germ fuperior, 
ovate, finooth, fubangular; (tyle one, filiform, of the 
fame length with the ftamens; fligma obtufe, undivided. 
Pericarpium: an ovate, dry, membranaceous, four-cor¬ 
nered, one-celled, brittle, berry ; the corners are produ¬ 
ced and fharp. Seeds: many, fixed to a column, globu¬ 
lar and fmooth. Obf. It varies with five-cleft ten-fla- 
mened flowers.— EJfential CharaEler. Style, one. Calyx, 
four-parted. Corolla, four-petalled. Berry, dry, qua¬ 
drangular, one-celled, many-feeded. 
There is only one fpccies , which is called aitonia Capen- 
fis, or Cape aitonia. The fruit refembles that of the win¬ 
ter cherry. It was found at the Cape by Thunberg; and 
introduced here in 1774, by Mr. Francis Mahon. This 
fhrub is of flow growth with us, and feldom exceeds three 
feet in height. When it is of fufficient age, it produces 
flowers and fruit through mod of the year. The feg- 
ments of the calyx and the petals are red at the ends ; the 
fruit is.alfo of a fine red colour, and large. 
Propagation and Culture. It is railed only from feeds, 
which are fparingly produced in this country; and it muft 
be kept in the green-houfe or Cape-flove. 
AJUGA f. [*. priv. and Juga, one of Juno’s names; 
from a fuppofed power of procuring abortion ; which 
however this plant does not pofl'efs.] In botany, a genus 
of the didynamia gymnofpermia clafs, of the natural order 
of verticillatae or labiatte. The generic characters are— 
Calyx: perianth one-leaved, fhort, cut half-way into five 
clefts, with the fegments nearly equal. Corolla: mono- 
petalous, ringent; tube cylindric, bent in, upper lip ve¬ 
ry fmall, ereCt, bifid, obtufe; lower large, fpreading, 
trifid, obtufe; middle divifion very large and obcordate ; 
fide-ones fmall. Stamina : filaments fubulate, ereCt, 
longer than the upper lip: anthers twin. Piftillum : 
germ four-parted; ftyle filiform, fituation and length as 
in the ftamens; ftigmas two, (lender, the loweft fhorter. 
Pericarpium: none; the calyx, which is converging, fof- 
ters the feeds. Seeds: fomewhat oblong.— EJfential Cha- 
ratter. Corolla, upper lip very fmall. Stamina, longer 
than the upper lip. 
Species, x. Ajuga orientalis, or eaftern bugle : flowers 
inverted. This fpecies has purple flowers. It w'as firft 
brought into Europe from the Levant, by Tournefort. 
It has fince been obferved by Thunberg in Japan, and by 
Loureiro in Cochin China. There are two or three varie¬ 
ties differing only in the colours of their flowers. 
2. Ajuga pyramidalis, or pyramidal bugle: fpike a 
quadrangular villous pyramid, leaves approximating, root- 
leaves very large, braCtes nearly entire. The leaves are 
often brown, and the plant is biennial. It flowers in April: 
with us ufualty later. A native of Italy, France, Ger¬ 
many, Switzerland, Sweden, and Denmark; alfo of Wales 
and Scotland. 
3. Ajuga alpina, or alpine bugle : ftem fimple, ftem- 
leaves equalling the radical ones. Alpine bugle has tire 
A I U 
leases much longer than thofe of the common fort; the 
(talks are weaker, and decline on every fide; and the whirls 
of flowers are much fmaller, and more diftant. It differs 
from the fecond in the leaves being wrinkled, more ovate 
and crowded, hirfute, the petioles fhorter and broader, 
the fpike proceeding immediately from the root. At the 
top of the root are circles of .leaves, whence arife leafy 
Items, four or fix inches high. It alfo differs from the 
fecond, according to Linnaeus, in the root-leaves being 
fcarcely larger than the others: flowers on both fides ten, 
not three; deep blue, not white; braCtes green, not co¬ 
loured. Grows naturally on the Alps, and is admitted 
into fome gardens for the fake of variety, and propagates 
in plenty by its trailing (talks. It requires a moift fhady 
fituation. Introduced here in 1775, by doctors Pitcairn 
and Fothergill. 
4. Ajuga genevenfis, or geneva bugle: leaves downy 
ftreaked with lines, lowermoft narrower; calyxes fhaggy; 
braCtes generally three-lobed. This fpecies approaches 
near to the common fort, but the leaves are dowmy, and 
the calyxes very rough. There are two varieties of this, 
one with a white, the other with a red, flower. It grows 
wild not only about Geneva, but alfo in many of the louth- 
ern countries of Europe. 
5. Ajuga reptans, or common bugle: fmooth and 
creeping by runners. The common bugle has the ftalk 
upright, fix inches high, hairy, purple. It flowers from 
May to June. It grows naturally in woods and moift mea¬ 
dows in mod parts of England, and the countries of Eu¬ 
rope fouth of us. It increafes gently by tjie fide-fhoots, 
which put out roots at their joints. There are two varie¬ 
ties of this, one with a white, and the other with a pale 
purple, flower, which grow- in feveral parts of Weftmore- 
land ; but thefe do not differ in^ny other refpeCt than in 
the colour of their flowers from the blue fort. The com¬ 
mon bugle is recommended as a vulnerary herb, both in¬ 
ternally and externally. It is numbered amongft cooling 
and gently aftringent vegetables. The roots (trike a black 
colour with vitriol of iron. Some foreign phyficians of 
eminence recommended a decoCtion of this herb in the 
quinfey, but it is out of ufe among us. It is conftantly 
found mixed with the vulnerary herbs imported from 
Switzerland. Officinal writers call it confolida media, or 
middle confound. This is fo common wild, that it is fel¬ 
dom admitted into gardens. 
6. Ajuga decumbens, or Japanefe bugle: decumbent and 
villous; leaves obovate, toothed. This fpecies has branch¬ 
ed, decumbent with the ends (landing up, four or five 
inches in length. Root-leaves many, larger than thofe on 
the ftem, all petiolate. The flowers in whirls fmall and 
blue. 
Propagation and Culture. The firft fort requires a little 
protection in winter, the plants fiiould be put into pots 
filled with a loamy foil; they may (land in a fhady fitua¬ 
tion during fummer; but in winter they muft be removed 
under a common frame, where they may enjoy as much 
free air as pollible in mild weather; in hard frofts howe¬ 
ver they muft be covered. It may be propagated by 
feeds, which fhould be fow'n foon after they are ripe, in a 
pot filled with loam, placed in a fhady fituation till au¬ 
tumn, and then removed under a.frame. In the fpring, 
they fhould be tranfplanted into feparate pots, as foon as 
they are ftrong enough to remove, and treated as directed 
for the old plants. It may be alfo increafed by offsets : 
but this is a very flo^v method, becaufe this fpecies puts 
out few of them. The fixth fort may be increafed and 
treated in the fame manner. As to all the reft, they are 
hardy, and eafily multiplied by the fide-fhoots : they de¬ 
light in a moift ffiady fituation, and are apt to fpread too 
much. 
Ajuga,/. in botany. See Teucrium. 
AIUS LOCUTIUS, the name of a deity to whom the^ 
Romans erected an altar.—The words ft gnify “a fpeaking 
voice.”—The following accident gave occafion to the Ro¬ 
mans erecting an altar to tire Aius Locutius : A plebeian, 
3 named 
