240 ALB 
cifixes, Sec .— There were likewife faid to be two two claf-. 
fes of them; the Perfect, and the Believers. The per¬ 
fect boafted of their living in continence, of eating neither 
fltlh, eggs, nor cheefe. The believers lived like other 
men, and were even loofe in their morals ; but they were 
perfuaded they Ihould be faved by the faith of the per¬ 
fect, and that none were damned w ho received impofi- 
tion of hands from them. But from tliefe charges alfo 
they are generally acquitted by I’roteflants ; who confider 
them as the pious inventions of the Romifh church, whofe 
members deem it meritorious by any means to blacken he¬ 
retics. 
Plowever this be, the Albigenfes grew fo formidable 
that the Catholics agreed upon a holy league or croifade 
againft them. They were at firft fupported by Raimond 
count of Touloufe. Pope Innocent III. defirous to puta 
hop to their progrefs, fent a legate into their country ; 
which failing, he birred up Philip Ayguftus king of 
France, and the other princes and great men of the king¬ 
dom, to make war upon them. Upon this the count of 
Touloufe, who hud Tided with them, made his fubmiffion 
to the pope, and went over to the Catholics : but foon 
after, finding himfelf plundered by the croifaders, he de¬ 
clared war againft them, and was joined by the king of 
Arragon. His army was defeated at the fiege of Muret, 
where he himfelf was killed, and the defeat followed by 
the furrender of the city of Touloufe, and foon after by 
the conqueft of the greatefl: part of Languedoc and Pro¬ 
vence. His fon Raimond fucceeded him ; who agreed 
with the king and the pope to fet up the inquifition in his- 
eftates, and to extirpate the Albigenfes. In an aflembly 
held at Milan, the archbiihop of Touloufe drew up arti¬ 
cles ; agreeable to which the count made a mob ample de¬ 
claration againb them, which he publiflied at Touloufe in 
1253. From this time tire Albigenfes dwindled by little 
and little, till the times of the reformation; when fuch of 
themas were left fell in with the Vaudois, and became con¬ 
formable to the dodtrine of Zuinglius and the difciples of 
Geneva. 
Albigenses is alfo a name fometimes given to the fol¬ 
lowers of Peter Vaud, or Waldo ; and hence fynonymous 
with what we more properly call Walderjcs, or Poor Men 
of Lyons. In this fenfe the word is applied by Camera- 
l ius, Thuanus, and feveral other writers. The reafon 
feems to be, that the two parties agreed in their oppoli- 
tion to the papal innovations and encroachments, though 
in divers other refpedts faid to be different enough. 
ALBINTEMELIUM, A lb inti milium, or Albium 
Intemelium, now Vintimiglia, fituated in the fouth-web 
of the territory of Genoa, near the borders of the coun¬ 
ty of Nice, with a port on the Mediterranean, at the mouth 
of the rivulet Rotta, about half way between Monaco and 
St. Remo, Lat.43.17. Ion. 7.40. E. 
ALBIOECE, or A LEBECE ; otherwise called Reii Apol- 
linares, alfo Civitas Reievjium-, now Riez, in Provence, 
about eighteen leagues to the north-eab of Toulon, on the 
north fide of the rivulet Verdon, was originally a Roman 
colony. It is fometimes written Regium. The people 
were called Albici by Caefar, Lat. 43. 20. Ion. 1. o. E. 
ALBINI,/! in antiquity, the workmen employed in what 
was called Opus Albarium. They make a different profef- 
bon from the dealbatores, or whiteners. 
ALBINOS, the name by which the Portuguefe call the 
White Moors, whofe colour refembles not that of the 
Europeans, but their whitenefs is fimilar to that of milk, 
or to the hairs of a white horfe. Their ikin is covered 
with a kind of fhort white down, but not fo thick as to 
conceal the Ikin. Their eye-brows are perfectly white, 
as well as their hair, which is feven or eight inches long, 
and half orifped; and, what is Angular, their eye-lids are 
oblong, or rather in the form of a crefcent, with the points 
turned down. Their eyes are red, and fo weak that they 
can hardly fee' any objeCt during the day j they cannot 
fuffer the rays of the fun, and have no dfitindt vifion but 
from the light of the moon. 
ALB 
Not long ago we had an account from Surinam of a ne¬ 
gro of Angola, whofe (kin and hair were perfectly white, 
though both his father and mother had very dark com¬ 
plexions. The eyes of this Albino had a conftant vibrato¬ 
ry motion, and were incapable of dlftinguiflfing objects 
with exadtnefs except in the dark. In the Journaidc Phy- 
Jique of M. Rolier, for May 1777, M. Dicquemare has 
publifiied an account of a white negro girl who was born 
at Dominica, in 1759, of black parents. “She has all the 
features of the negroes, efpecially thofe of Lower Gui^ 
nea; and her hair, eye-brows, and eye-lalhes, are the fame 
in every refpect, except the colour. Her hair, though a 
kind of very ftiort woof, is fair; and her eye-brows, as 
well as her eye-lathes, are of a yellowifh pale colour. 
The colour of her Ikin is a dead White ; her cheeks, lips, 
nofe, and other fanguine parts, have a flight tint of red, 
which becomes bfonger when (lie is affected with liveli- 
nefs or fear. Her eyes are long; the pupils approach, or 
fometimes recede from, each other, with a continual and 
involuntary motion; (he is weak but not Ihort lighted. 
Light is difagreea'ble to her, and towards night (lie fees 
neither better fior farther than others. She has a timid 
air, a foft voice, and the linell of green leeks; but her 
fkin is not foft like that of the negroes. Her parents have’ 
had feveral black children ; but it is faid, that an older 
one, who was born white, gradually became blacker as he 
grew up, a-nd at laA atfumed the colour of the Cabres.”— 
One of tliefe Albinos was brought into England by the late 
Rev. George Whitfield, from America. It was a female ; 
and flic was afterwards exhibited as a great curiofity. 
In Sauffure’s Voyages dans les A/pcs, is the following ac¬ 
count of two boys, at Chamouni, who were called Albi¬ 
nos :—“ The elder, who was at the end of the year 17S5 
about twenty or one-and-twenty years of age, had a dull 
look, with lips fomewhat thick, but nothing elfe in his 
features to diftinguifh him from other people. The other, 
who is two years younger, is rather a more agreeable fi¬ 
gure : he is gay and fprightiy, and feems not to want wit. 
But their eyes are not blue ; the iris is of a very diftinct 
role-colour: the pupil too, when ,viewed in the light, 
feems decidedly red ; which feems to demonftrate, that the 
interior membranes are deprived of the uvea, and of that 
black mucous matter that flioukl lind them. Their hair, 
their eye-brows, and eye-lalhes, the down upon their fkin, 
were all, in their infancy, of the mod perfect milk-white 
colour, and very fine; but their hair is now of a reddifly 
cafr, and has grown pretty flxong. Their fight too is 
fomewhat ftrengthened ; though they exaggerate to (Iran- 
gers their averfion for the light, and half Unit their eye-lids 
to give themfelves a more extraordinary appearance. Bui: 
thofe who, like me, have feen them in their infancy, before 
they were tutored to this deceit, and when too few people 
came to Ciiamouni to make this affectation profitable to 
them, can attefi: that then they were not very much offend - 
ed with the light of day. At that time, they were fo lit¬ 
tle defirous of exciting the curiofity of flrangers, that they 
hid themfelves to avoid fuch ; and it was necefl’ary to do a 
fort of violence to them before they could be prevailed on 
to allow themfelves to be infpedted. It is alfo well known 
at Chamouni, that when they were of a proper age they 
were unable to tend the cattle like the other children at 
the fame age; and that one of their uncles maintained 
them out of charity, at a time of life when others were 
capable of gaining a fubfiftence by their labour. 
“ I am therefore of opinion, that we may confider thefe 
two lads as true Albinos: for, if they have not the thick 
lips and fiat nofes of the white negroes, it is becaufe they 
areAlbinosof Europe, not of Africa. This infirmity af- 
fedts the eyes, the complexion, and the colour of the hair; 
it even diminifhes the ftrength, but does not alter the con¬ 
formation of the features. Befides, there are certainly in 
this malady various degrees: fome may have lefs ftrength, 
and be lefs able to endure the light: but thefe circurnftances 
in thofe of Chamouni are marked with characters fuffici- 
ently ftrong to entitle them to the unhappy advantage of 
being 
