ALB 
chief tranfaftions of each year into an album, or table, 
which was hung up in his houfe for the public ufe. 
Album, in later times, denoted a kind of table, or 
pocket-book, wherein the men of letters with whom a 
perfon had conyerfed, infcribed their names with fome 
fentence or motto. 
Album Grjecum, among phyficians, the white dung 
Of dogs, formerly prefcribed for inflammations of the 
throat, &c. but now juftlv defpifed. 
ALBUMAZAR, a learned Arabian aflronomer in the 
tenth century, who wrote a treatife Of the Revolution of the 
Years. 
ALBUMEN, the white of an egg. For its nature, 
origin, and office, fee Egg. 
The white of an egg, according to Boerhaave, makes 
an extraordinary menllruum. Being boiled hard in the 
file 11, and afterwards fufpended in the air by a thread, it 
refolves and drops down into an infipid, fcentlefs, liquor, 
which appears to be that anomalous unaccountable men- 
ftruum fo much ufed by Paracelfus; and will, though it 
contain nothing fliarp, oleaginous, or faponaceous, make a 
thorough folution of myrrh ; which is more than either 
water, oil, fpirits, or even fire itfelf, can effeft. 
A little putrid white of egg taken into the ftomach, oc- 
calions a naufea, horror, fainting, vomiting, diarrhoea, and 
gripes; it inflames the bile, excites heat, third, fever; 
and diflblves the humours like the plague. On the con¬ 
trary, the white of frefh-laid eggs, if taken while warm 
from the hen, is extremely nourifhing- to the infirm; it 
may be taken in hike-warm milk; but, if any other heat is 
applied to it, the nutritious quality will be deftroyed. 
The frefli white of egg prevents burns from rifing inblif- 
ters, if it is ufed immediately after the accident: it miti¬ 
gates inflammations of the eyes, and preferves the face 
from fun-burning. In pharmacy, it is ufed as a medium 
to render balfams and turpentines, &c. mifcible with 
aqueous fluids; but, as it disagrees with many ftomachs 
when thus taken, a mucilage of gum-arabic may fupply 
its place, it being as good a medium in Similar circum- 
ftances, and not apt to offend the tendered ftomach. The 
eggs of all birds are pretty nearly fimilar with regard to 
their flavour and nutritious effects : though fome are deep¬ 
er coloured, and more tenaceous, than ethers. It is fur- 
prifing what a quantity of egg will be digefted by fome 
perfons ; but in moll, this power is very limited ; for a 
fmaller bulk of this, than of any other food, will Satisfy 
and occupy the digeftive powersof mod men. It is a more 
alealefeent food than any other animal fubftance ; and, 
during digeftion, is lefs ftimulant. 
ALBUQUERQUE, a fmall city in Spain, in the pro¬ 
vince of Eftremadura, is feated on an eminence, nine miles 
from the frontiers of Portugal. It is commanded by an 
almoft impregnable fortrefs, built on a high mountain, 
and ferving to defend the town. It carries on a great trade 
in the wool and woollen manufactures. It was taken by 
the allies of Charles king of Spain in 1705. W. Ion. 7. o. 
N. lat. 38. 52. 
Albuqjterque (Alphonfo), a native af Portugal. 
Little is known of this great commander before he was ap¬ 
pointed by king Emanuel to the command of a fquadron 
deftined for India, where by his exploits he raifed the arms 
of his country to the higheft pitch of glory. His principal 
expedition was again!! Goa, which he inverted with twen¬ 
ty-three ihips, and about 5000 men.—The forts near it on 
the continent were taken and deftroyed; and, learning that 
the city was in the greateft confternation, he fent deputies 
to offer the people his protedlion, and the enjoyment of 
their religion. The citizens accepted the conditions, and 
Albuquerque entered Goa the following day, being the 
16th of February, 1510. This city has long been the head 
of the Portuguese dominions in India. Here Albu¬ 
querque fixed his winter-quarters, and behaved himl'elf 
in fuch a manner as to merit the efteem of every one. 
But, while he was thus employed, fome of the chief Por¬ 
tuguese began to murmur again!! him. However, by 
ALB 243 
ieizing and imprifoning the leaders, he quieted the diftur- 
bance. The enemy, being informed of the diffentions 
among the Portuguese, made an attack upon the ifland, 
and, landing men, laid fiege to the city, prefiing it hard. 
The fituation of Albuquerque became now truly diftref- 
fing; an enemy vaftly fciperior without, difeontent among 
his officers within, and his troops greatly diminifhed. 
Thefe circumftances determined him to embark on-board 
his ffiips, and evacuate the city, which lie eifefled after a 
fierce combat, having firft fet fire to the magazines. 
He then fleered to a place called Repander to winter; 
but the enemy foon obliged him to remove, and take ffiel- 
ter between the continent and the ifland of Divar, where 
he was informed his enemies were alfo preparing to make 
an attack upon him. In this extremity, being alfo very 
fcarce of provifions, he determined to make a defperate 
effort on a ftrong caftle, called Pangin. Accordingly, 
having ftationed a force to prevent fuccours being fent to 
it, he proceeded under cover of the night, and fucceeded 
in furprifing the fort and camp of the enemy, both which 
were taken without much refiftance. Such an unexpended 
turn of good fortune determined him not only to objec! to 
offers of peace, but alfo to make another attack on Goa. 
In this he fucceeded, and killed 3000 of the enemy. This 
fuccefs induced him to aim at greater enterprises. Col¬ 
lecting his forces, he failed from Goa for the ifland of 
Sumatra ; and, after concluding a treaty with the princes 
of that ifland, he proceeded to the city of Malacca, and 
made himfelf mafter of it. Having fettled affairs there, 
he returned to Goa, laid fiege to the city of Benafter, and, 
having been unfuccefsful, confented to a peace with the 
Zamorin. To this great man the Portugueze owe the 
foundation of the inimenfe power they once poflefled in 
India; and, had they purfued the maxims he laid down, 
they might poffibly have enjoyed them to this day. He 
was a man of great humanity, dreaded for his bravery, 
and beloved for his benevolent difpofition. His death 
was moft fincerely felt by all the people of Goa, where he 
was buried with great funeral honours. 
ALBURN, the Englilh name of a compound colour, 
being a mixture of white and red, or reddifli brown. 
Skinner derives the word, in this fenfe, from the Latin 
albas, and the Italian burno, from bruno, “ brown.” 
ALBURNUM, the foft white fubftance which in trees 
is found between the liber or inner bark and the wood, 
and in progrefs of time, acquiring folidity, becomes itfelf 
the wood. From its colour and comparative foftnefs, it 
has been (lyled by fome writers the fat of trees, adeps arbo- 
rum. The alburnum is found in large!! quantities in trees 
that are vigorous ; though in fuch as languiffi, or are 
fickly, there is a great number of beds. In an oak fix 
inches in diameter, this fubftance is nearly equal in bulk 
to the wood. In a trunk of one foot diameter, it is as one 
to three and a half; of two and a half feet diameter, as 
one to four and a half, &c. but thefe proportions vary 
according to the health and conftitution of the trees.—The 
alburnum is frequently gnawed in pieces by infetls, which 
lodge in the fubftance, and are nourifhed from it. 
ALBURNUS, in zoology, a fpecies of the cyprinus of 
Linnaeus. See Cyprinus. 
ALBY, an ancient town in the department of Tarn. 
There are very beautiful walks in the environs of the 
town, and the adjacent country is very fertile, producing 
the various kinds of grain, excellent wines, flax, hemp, 
faft'ron, anifefeed, coriander and woad; thg. fine paftures _ 
afford wool of a. good quality, which is mahufafiurbd into 
ftockings, ratteens, (balloons, coarfe woollens, &c. and 
the wax-candles made here are very fine. This town is 
forty-two miles N. E. of Touloufe, and 335 S. of Paris. 
Lat. 44. 15. N. Ion. 2. 14. E. The Albigenfes, fo called 
from their making their fir!! appearance in this city, were 
a people who, fo early as the eleventh century, difputed 
the authority of the pope; for this he excommunicated 
them: a very cruel perfecution was raifed again ft them by 
means of a crufade. 
ALCA 
