ALE 
and leaf betle, and tobacco, of which the Turks are 
great takers, do all condenfe the fpirits, and make them 
ltrong and alcger. Bacon. 
ALEGRETTE, a fmall town of Portugal, in Alente- 
jo, on the confines of Port Alegre, on the river Caja, 
which falls into the Guadina, a little below Bajadoz, near 
the frontiers of Spanifh Eftremadura. It is a very pretty 
town, and finely fituated; feven miles fouth-eaft of Port 
Alegre, and thirty north of Elvas. Lat. 39. 6. N. Ion. 
5.20.W. 
ALEHOOF,/! in botany. See Glecoma. 
ALE-HOUSE,/ A houfe where ale is publicly fold; 
a tipling-houfe. It is diftinguifhed from a tavern, where 
they fell wine.—One would think it ihould be noeafy mat¬ 
ter to bring any man of fenfe in love with an ale-houfe\ 
indeed of fo much fenfe as feeing and fmelling amounts 
to ; there being fuch Prong encounters of both, as would 
quickly fend him packing, did not the love of good fel- 
lowlhip reconcile to thefe nuifances. South. 
Thee (hall each ale-houfc , thee each gill-houfe, mourn, 
And anfw’ring gin-fhops fourer fighs return. Pope. 
Ale-houfes may be confidered in the following refpeCts: 
—-r. Every inn is not an alehoufe, nor is every alehoufe 
an inn; but, if an inn ufes common felling of ale, it is 
then alfo an alehoufe; and, if an alehoufe lodges and en¬ 
tertains travellers, it is alfo an inn. 
2. By feveral ftatutes, licences to keep inns and alehou- 
fes (hall be granted yearly at a general meeting of the juf- 
tices of the divifion, on the firft day of September, or 
within twenty days after, and at no other time ; except in 
cities and towns corporate. And the perfons licenfed (hall 
enter into recognizance to keep good order and rule. And, 
if any perfon (hall fell ale without licence, he (hall forfeit 
for the firfi offence 40s. for the fecond offence 4I. for the 
third and every other offence 61 . 5 Geo. III. c. 46. And 
by 27 Geo. III. c. 13. feveral excife-duties are impofed 
on ale and beer brewed in Great Britain, according to a 
fchedule fet forth in the aft. 
3. If one who keeps a common inn refufes either to re¬ 
ceive a traveller as a gueft into his houfe, or to find him 
victuals or lodging, upon his tendering him a reafonable 
price for the fame, he is not only liable to render dama¬ 
ges for the injury, in an aCtion on the cafe at the fuit of 
the party grieved, but alfo may be indicted and fined at 
the fuit of the king. 1 Haw. 225. 
4. An innkeeper may detain the perfon of the gued who 
eats, or the horfe which eats, till payment. For it would 
be hard to oblige him to fue for every little debt; and a 
greater hard (hip, that he might not be able to find his 
gueft. Bac. Abr. Inns.—But an horfe committed to an inn¬ 
keeper may be detained only for his own meat, and not 
for the meat of the gueft, or of any other horfe. Alfo 
if the innkeeper or alehoufe-keeper (hall refufe to give in 
the reckoning in particulars, or (hall fell in meafures un- 
fealed, he (hall not be permitted to detain for the reckon¬ 
ing, but (hall be left to his aCtion at law. i<i & j 2 Vv 7 m. c. 
15. In like manner, if the innkeeper gives credit to the 
party for that time, and lets him go without payment, then 
he hath waved the benefit of the cuftom, and muft rely on 
his other agreement. 8 Mod. 172. An innkeeper that de¬ 
tains a horfe for his meat cannot ufe him; becaufe he de¬ 
tains him as in cuftody of the law; and, by conference, 
the detention muft be in the nature of a diftrefs, which 
cannot be ufed by the diftrainer. But, by cuftom in par¬ 
ticular places, if the horfe eats out his price, the innkeep¬ 
er may take him as his own, on the reafonable appraife- 
ment of feveral of his neighbours; but the innkeeper has 
no power to fell the horfe, by the general cuftom of the 
realm. Bac. Abr. Inns. 
5. An innkeeper (hall anfwer for thofe things which are 
ftolen within his inn, though not fpecially delivered to him 
to keep; for it (hall be intended to be through his negli¬ 
gence, or occalioned by the default of his fervants. So if 
he puts a horfe to pafture, without the direction of his 
ALE 259 
gueft, and the horfe is ftolen, he muft make fatisfaftion; 
but otherwife, if with his diredtion. 8 Co. Caley’sca/e. 
6 . A gueft in an inn, arifing in the night, and carrying 
goods out of his chamber into another room, and from 
thence to the (table, intending to ride away with them, is 
guilty of felony, although there was no trefpafs in taking 
them, which is generally required in cafes of felony. 
Alehouse-keeper,/. He that keeps ale publicly to 
fell.—You refemble perfedtly the two alehoufe-keepers in 
Holland, who were at the fame time burgomafters of the 
town, and taxed one another’s bills alternately. Swift. 
ALE 1 US CAMPUS, a plain in Cilicia, on this fide the 
river Pyramus, near the mountain Chimera, famous for 
Bellerophon’s wandering and periflting there, after being 
throv'n off Pegafus; which is the reafon of the appellation. 
ALEKNIGHT,/! A pot companion; atippler: aword 
now out of ufe.—The old aleknights of England were well 
.depainted by Hanville, in the alehoufe-colours of that 
time. Camden. 
ALEMANIA, or Allemania, anciently a name of 
Germany, but not known before the time of the Anto- 
nines, and then ufed only for a part. After the Marco- 
manni and their allies had removed from the Rhine, a 
rabble, or collection of people from all parts of Gaul, as 
the term Alemanni denotes, prompted either by levity or 
poverty, occupied the Agri, called Dccumatcs by Tacitus, 
becaufe they held them on a tithe ; now fuppofed to be 
the duchy of Wirtemberg. Such appear to be the fmall 
beginnings of Alemania, which was in aftertimes greatly 
enlarged ; but (till it was confidered as a diftinCt part, for 
Caracalla, who conquered the Alemanni, afl’umed the fur- 
name both of Alemanicus and Germanicus. 
ALEMBDAR, an officer in the court of the Grand 
Signior, who bears the green ftandard of Mahomet, when 
the fultan appears in public on any folemn occafion. 
ALEMBERT (John le Rond d’), an eminent French 
mathematician and philofopher, and one of the brighteft 
ornaments of the eighteenth century. He was perpetual 
fecretary to the French Academy of Sciences, and a mem¬ 
ber of molt of the philofophical academies and focieties of 
Europe. 
D’Alembert was born at Paris, the 16th of November, 
1717. He derived his name of John le Rond from that 
of the church near which, after his birth, he was expo- 
fed as a foundling. But his father, informed of this cir- 
cumftance, liftening to the voice of nature and duty, took 
meafures for the proper education of his child, and for 
his future fubliftence in a date of eafe and independence. 
His mother, it is faid, was a lady of rank, the celebrated 
Mademoifelle Tencin, fifter to cardinal Tencin, archbi- 
(hop of Lyons. 
He received his firft education among the Janfenifts, in 
the College of the Four Nations, where he gave early 
figns of genius and capacity. In the firft year of his phi¬ 
lofophical ftudies, he compofeda Commentary on the Epif- 
tle of St. Paul to the Romans. The Janfenifts confidered 
this production as an omen, that portended to the party 
of Port-Royal a reftoration to fome part of their fonder 
fplendour, and hoped to find one day in d’Alembert a fe¬ 
cond Pafcal. To render this refemblance more complete, 
they engaged their pupil in the ftudy of the mathematics; 
but they foon perceived that his growing attachment to 
this fcience was likely to difappoint the hopes they had- 
formed with refpeCt to his future deftination ; they there¬ 
fore endeavoured to divert him from this line, but their 
endeavours were fruitlefs. 
On his quitting the college, finding himfelf alone, and 
unconnected in the world, he fought an afylum in the 
houfe of his nurfe. He hoped that his fortune, though 
not ample, would enlarge the fubliftence, and better the 
condition, of her family, which was the only one he could 
confider as his own. It was here therefore that he fixed 
his refidence, refolving to apply himfelf entirely to the 
ftudy of geometry. And here he lived, during the fpace 
