ALE 
of his life. He had refilled, fome time before this, a 
propofal made by the emprefs of Ruffla to entruft him 
with the education of the Grand Duke ;—a propofal ac¬ 
companied with all the flattering offers that could tempt a 
man, ambitious of titles, or defirous of making an ample 
fortune: but the objefts of his ambition were tranquillity 
and ftudy. 
In the year 1765, be publifhed his DiflTertation on the 
Deftrufition of the Jefuits. This piece drew upon him a 
fwarm of adverfaries, who only confirmed the merit and 
credit of his work, by their manner of attacking it. 
Befide the works already mentioned, he publifhed nine 
volumes of memoirs and treatifes, under the title of Opuf- 
cules; in which he has refolved a multitude of problems 
relating to aftronorny, mathematics, and natural philofo- 
phy; of which his panegyrift, Condorcet, gives a parti¬ 
cular account, more efpecially of thofe which exhibit new 
fubjefts, or new methods of inyeftigation. He publifhed 
alfo Elements of Mulic; and rendered, at length, the 
fyflein of Rameau intelligible; but he did not think the 
mathematical theory of the fonorousbody fufficient to ac¬ 
count for the rules of that art. 
In the year 1772 he was chofen fecretary to the French 
Academy of Sciences. He formed, foon after this pre¬ 
ferment, the deflgn of writing the lives of all the decea- 
fed academicians, from 1700 to 1772 ; and in the fpace of 
three years he executed this delign, by compofing ieventy 
eulogies. 
D’Alembert died on the 29th of October, 1783, being 
nearly fixty-fix years of age. In his moral character there 
were many amiable lines of candour, modefty, difintereft- 
ednefs, and beneficence; which are defcribed, with a dif- 
ftifive detail, in his eulogium, bv Condorcet, in the Hift. 
de l’Acad. Royale des Sciences, 1783. 
As it may be curious and ufeful to have in, one view an 
entire lift of d’Alembert’s writings, we fliall here infert a 
catalogue of them, from Rozier’s Nouvelle Table des Arti¬ 
cles contenus dans les Volumes de l'Academic Royale des Sciences 
de Paris, &c. as follows:—Traite de Dynamiqne, in 4to, 
Paris, 1743; the fecond edition in 1758. Traits de l’E- 
quilibre et du Mouvement des Fluides: Paris, 1744, and 
the fecond edition in 1770. Reflexions fur la Cauie Ge¬ 
nerate des Vents; which gained the'prize at Berlin in 1746, 
and was printed at Paris in 1747, in 4:0. Recife relies fur 
la Preceftion des Equinoxes, et fur la Nutation de l’Axe 
de la Terre dans le SyftSme Newtonien: Paris, 1749, in 
4to. EiTais d’une Nouvelle Theorie du Mouvement des 
Fluides: Paris, 1752, in 4to. Recherches fur differens 
Points Importans du Syfteme du Monde: Paris, 1754 and 
1756, three vol. in 4to. Elemens de Philofophie : 1759. 
Opufcules Mathematiques, 011 Memoires fur differens Su- 
jets de G^ometrie, deMechaniques, d’Qptiqu'es, &c d’Aftro- 
norflie : Paris, 9 vol. in 4to. 1761 to 1773. Etemens de 
Mufique, titeorique & pratique, fuivant les Principes de 
M. Rameau, eclaires, d£velopp<i;s, & limplifids: 1 vol. in 
Svo. d Lyon. De la Definition des Jefuites: 1765. 
In the Memoirs of the Academy of Paris are the fol¬ 
lowing pieces by d’Alembert, viz.—Precis de Dynamiqne, 
J743, Hift. 164. Precis de l’Equi]ilSre & du Mouvement 
des fluides, 1744, Hift. 55. Mdthode gd iterate pour de¬ 
terminer les Orbites & les Mouvementsde toutes les Pla- 
netes, en ayant egard & ieur aiftion mutuelle, 1743, p. 363. 
Precis des Reflections fur la Caufe Generate des Vents, 
1750, Hift. 41. Precis des Recherches fur !a Preceftion 
des Equinoxes, et fur la Nutation de PAxe de la Terre 
dans le Syfteme Newtonien, 1730, Hift. 134. Eftai d’une 
Nouvelle Theorie fur la Rdiiftance des Fluides, 1732, Hift. 
116. Precis des EfTais d’une Nouvelle Theorie de la R 6 - 
fiftancc des Fluides, 1733, Hift. 289. Precis des Recher¬ 
ches fur les differens Points importans du Syftdme du 
Monde, 1734, Hift. 123. Recherches fur la Preceftion des 
Equinoxes, et fur la Nutation de l’Axe de la Terre, dans 
l'Hypothefe dela DilTimilitudedes Meridiens, 1734, P* 413. 
Hift. 116. Reponfe a un Article du Memoire de M. i’ Ab¬ 
be de la Cailie, fur la Theorie du Soleil, 1737, p. 143, 
Vol. I. No. 17. 
ALE 261 
Hift. h rS. Addition & ce Memoire, 1737, p. 367, Hift. 
118. Precis des Opufcules Mathematiques, 1761, Hift. 86- 
Precis du troifieme volume des Opufcules Mathematiques, 
1764, Hift. 92. Nouvelles Recherches fur les Verres Op- 
tiques, pour fervir de fuite a la theorie qui cn a ete don- 
nee dans le troifieme volume des Opufcules Mathematiques: 
Premier memoire, 1764, p.75, Hift. 173. Nouvelles Re¬ 
cherches fur les Verres Optiques, pour fervir de fuite a la 
theorie qui en a ete donnee dans le troifieme volume des 
Opufcules Mathematiques : Second memoire, 1763, p. 33. 
Oblervations fur les Lunettes Achromatiques, 1765, p. 
33, Hift. 119. Suite des Recherches fur les Verres Op¬ 
tiques : Troifieme memoire, 1767, p. 43. Hift. 133. Re¬ 
cherches fur le Calcul Integral, 1767, p.573. Accident 
arrive par l’Explofion d’une Meule d’E moil leu r, 1768, 
Hift. 31. Precis des Opufcules de Mathematiques, qua- 
trieme & cinqueme volumes: Leur Analyfe, 1768, Hift. 
83. Recherches fur les Mouvements de l’Axe d’une Pla- 
nete quelconque dans l’Hypothefe de la Diflimilitude des 
Meridienes, 1768, p. 1, Hift. 93. Suite des Recherches 
furies Mouvemens, &c. 1768, p-332, Hift.95. Recher¬ 
ches fur le Calcul Integral, 1769, p. 73. Memoire fur les 
Principes de la Mech. 1769, p. 278. 
And in the Memoirs of the Academy of Berlin, are the 
following pieces by our author, viz.—Recherches fur le 
Calcul Integral, premiere partie, 1746. Solution de 
quelques Problemes a’ Aftronomie, 1747. Recherches fur 
la Courbe que forme une Corde Tendue, mife'en Vibra¬ 
tion, 1747. Suite des Recherches fur le Calcul Integral, 
1748. Lettre a M. de Maupertuis, 1749. Addition aux 
Recherches fur la Courbe que ferine une Corde Tendue 
mile en Virbration, 1730. Addition aux Recherches fur 
le Calcul Integral, 1730. Lettre d M. le Profefteur For- 
mev, 1735. Extr. de differ. Lettres a M. de la Grange, 
1763. Sur les Tautochrones, 1765. Extr. de differens 
Lettres a M. de la Grange, 1769. 
Alfo in the Memoirs of Turin are—Difi'erentes Let¬ 
tres a M. dela Grange, en 1764 & 1763, tom. 3 of thefe 
memoirs. Recherches fur differens Sujets de Math, t.4, 
ALEMBIC, J'. [from the Arabic particle al, and cvtLL, 
from 1, for ava'<= ow, to afeend. Seneca calls it in 
the Latin language miliariurn, alembic, “ moor’s head.” It 
is aifo named cabe'da, capital am .] A copper cap tinned in 
the infide, made like a head, in which the pipe, before 
worms were contrived, which paffes through a tub of cold 
water, is fixed to receive the vapour from the heated cu¬ 
curbit or body, to convey it to the receiver. Before re¬ 
torts were ufgd l'o commonly, the matter diltilled was put 
into a veliel called a body, with a head placed on it to re¬ 
ceive the vapour, whence it was conveyed by a canal, 
called the roftrum or beak, to flm receiver; this head is 
properly the alembic, and is calle'd^a/emi/eas rofiratus, i. e. 
the beaked alembic, to diftin'guifh it from alernkicuf arcus, 
or blind alembic, which is without a canal, as it is to re¬ 
ceive dry fubftances that are fublimed into it. The ftill- 
head is properly an alembic; the body of the alembic was 
placed over a fire or in hot water. 
ALEMBROTH, f. in the writings of the alchemifts, a 
word ufed for a fort of fixed alkaline fait, which had the 
power of the famous alkaheft, in diilblving bodies, open¬ 
ing the pores of moil or all known fubftances, and thence, 
as well as by deftroying fulphurs, promoting the repara¬ 
tion of metals from their ores. .It is alfo ufed fora com¬ 
pound of corrofive mercury and fal ammoniac. See Che¬ 
mistry. 
ALEMOUTH, Northumberland, is a fmall fea-port 
town, fituate at the mouth of the river Alne, five miles 
eaft from Alnwick, and fix miles north from Warkworth. 
It lias no market or fair ; notwithftanding large quantities 
of corn kre annually (hipped from hence. This was one 
of the forfeited eftates of Henry earl of Northumberland, 
which Henry IV. fettled on his brother the duke of Cla¬ 
rence, for the better fupport of his dignity as. lord-lieu¬ 
tenant of Ireland. Human bones of an uncommon mag¬ 
nitude having been feveral times dug up on the lhore of 
3 X ' the 
