3~4 A L G 
A LGEBRA'lC, or Algebra'ical, adj. [fro raaige- 
Relating to algebra; as, An algebraical treatife. 
Containing operations of algebra; as, An algebraical com¬ 
putation. 
ALGEBRA'IST,/! A perfon that underftandsor prac- 
tifes the fcience of algebra. 
ALGE'D.O,y. the running of a gonorrhoea flopping 
fuddeniy after it appears, When it thus flops,-a pain 
reaches to the anus, or to the tefticles, without their being 
fvvelled; and fotnetimes this pain reaches to the bladder; 
in which cafe there is an urging to difeharge the urine, 
which is with difficulty palled, and in very fmall quanti¬ 
ties at a time. The pain is continued to the bladdecby the 
urethra; to the anus, by the aceeleratory mufcles of the 
penis; and to the tefticles, by the vafa deferentia and ve- 
iiculae feminales. In this cafe, calomel repeated fo as to 
purge brings back the running, and then all difficulty from 
this fyniptom ceafes. 
AL'GEMA,yi Gr.] A pain, a fad trouble- 
fonie fenfation, imprelfed upon the brain from a fmart 
vexatious irritation of the nerves. • 
AL'GENEB,/. a fixed ftar, of the fecond magnitude, 
in Perfeus’s right fide. Its longitude is 27 0 46' 1 2" of Tau¬ 
rus, and its latitude 30 0 05' 28" north, according to Flam- 
ilead’s catalogue. 
ALGEZI'RA, a town of Andalufia, in Spain, with a 
port on the coaft of the ftxaits of Gibraltar. By this city 
the Moors entered Spain in 713; and it was taken front 
them in 1344, after a very long liege, remarkable for be¬ 
ing the firfl in which cannon were made ufe of. It was 
called Old Gibraltar, and is about four leagues from the 
New. Lat. 36. o. N. Ion. 5. 2. W. 
. ALGHIER', or Alge'ri,’ a town in Sardinia, with a 
bilhop’s fee, upon the weftern coaft of the ifland, between 
Salieri and Bola. Though it is not large, it is well peo¬ 
pled, and has a commodious port. The coral fiftied for 
01 this coaft is in the higheft efteent of any in the Medi¬ 
terranean. Lat. 36. o. Ion. 4. 2.4V. 
ALGIAB A'RII, f. a Mahometan fetft of predeftina- 
rians, who attribute all the actions of men, good or evil, 
to the agency or influence of God. The Algiabarii Hand 
oppofed to the Alcadarii. 
AL'GID, adj. [_algidus,'LzX.'\ Cold; chill. 
ALGI'DITY, or AL'GiDNESS.yi Chillinefs; cold. 
ALGI'FIC, adj. [from algor, I.at.] That which pro¬ 
duces cold. 
ALGI'ERS, a kingdom of Africa, now one of the 
hates of Barbary. According to Dr. Shaw who refided 
twelve years at Algiers, in quality of chaplain to the Bri- 
tifli fadtory, and has corrected many errors of ancient and 
modern geographers refpefting the (tales of Barbary, this 
country extends 480 miles along the coaft of the Mediterra¬ 
nean, and is from forty to 100 miles in breadth. 
It lies between Ion. o. 16. jmd 9. 16. W. and extends 
from lat. 36. 55. to 44. 50. N. It is bounded on the north 
by the Mediterranean; on the eaft by the river Zaine, the 
ancient Tufca, which divides it from Tunis ; on the weft: 
by the Mulvya, and the mountains of Trava, which fe- 
parate it from Morocco ; and on the fouth by mount At¬ 
las and the Numidian defert. 
The climate of Algiers is in mod places fo mild, that 
they enjoy 3 eonllant verdure; the leaves of the trees be¬ 
ing neither parched up by heat in fummer nor nipped by 
the winter’s cold. They begin to bud in February; in 
April the fruit appears in its full bignefs, and is common¬ 
ly ripe in May. The foil, however, is exceflively various; 
fome places being very hot, dry, and barren, on which 
account they are generally fullered to lie uncultivated by 
the inhabitants, who are very negligent. Thefe barren 
places, efpe,dally fuch as lie on the fouthern fide, and are 
at a great diflance from the lea, harbour vail numbers of 
wild creatures, as, lions, tigers, buffaloes, wild boars, 
flags, porcupines, monkeys, oftricb.es, &c. 
The Algerine kingdom.made formerly a confiderable 
jgait of the Mauritania Tingitana, which was reduced to 
A L G 
3 Roman province by Julius Cacfar, and from him alfo 
called Mauritania Cafarienfis. In the general account of 
Africa it has been noticed, that the Romans were driver* 
out of that continent by the Vandals ; thefe by Belifarius, 
the Greek emperor Juftinian’s general; and the Greeks 
in their turn by the Saracens. This lad revolution hap-, 
pened about the middle of the feventh century; and the 
Arabs continued mailers of the country, divided into a 
great number of petty kingdoms or dates, under chiefs of 
their own choofing, till the year 1051, when Abubeker- 
ben-Omar, or, as the Spaniffi authors call him, Abu Texe- 
fen, an Arab of the Zinhagian tribe, being provoked at 
the tyranny of thofe defpots, gathered a moft powerful 
army of malcontents, in the fouthern provinces of Numi- 
dia and Libya. His followers were nicknamed Marabiles , 
or Morabites ; by the Spaniards Almcravides ; probably 
from their being aftembled principally by the faints, who 
were, alfo called Morabites. The khalif of Kayem’s for¬ 
ces were at this time taken up with quelling other revolts 
in Syria, Mefopotamia, &c. and the Arabs in Spain en¬ 
gaged in the molt bloody wars; fo that Texefien, having 
nothing to tear from them, had all the fuCcefs he could 
wilh againft the Arabian cheyks or petty tyrants, whom 
he defeated in many battles* and at laft drove them not 
only out of Numidia and Libya, but out of ail the weftern 
parts, reducing the whole province of Tingitania under 
his dominion. 
Texefien was fucceeded by his fon Yufef, or Jofeph, a 
brave and warlike prince. In the beginning of his reign, 
he laid the foundation of the city of Morocco, which he 
deligned to make the capital of his empire. While that 
city was building, he lent fome of his marabouts ambaf- 
fadors to Tremecen (now a province of Algiers), at that 
time inhabited by a powerful and infolent feci; of Maho¬ 
metans called Zcneti. The defign of this embafly was to 
bring them back to what he called the true faith ; but the 
Zeneti, de(piling his offers, aftembled at Amaf, or Amfa, 
their capital, murdered the ambalfadors, and invaded Jo- 
feph’s dominions with an army of 50,000 men. 
The king hearing of their infamous proceedings, fpeedi- 
ly muftered his army, and led it by long marches into 
their country, deftroying all with fire and fvvord; while 
the Zeneti, inftead of oppofing his progrefs, retired aS 
fall as.poflible towards Fez, in hopes of receiving aflift- 
ance from thence; but the Fezzar.s marched out againft: 
them in a; hoftile manner; and coming up with the unhap¬ 
py Zeneti, encumbered with their families and baggage, 
and ready to expire with hunger and fatigue, they cut 
them all to pieces, except a fmall number who were moft- 
ly drowned in attempting to fwim acrofs a river, and fome 
others who in their flight perilhed by falling from the ad¬ 
jacent rocks. In the mean time Jofeph reduced their 
country to a mere defert: which was, however, foon peo¬ 
pled by a numerous colony of Fezzans, who fettled there 
under the proteftion of the reigning kings, in this war 
it is computed that near a million of the Zeneti, men, wo¬ 
men, and children, loft their lives. 
The reftiefs and ambitious temper of Jofeph did not let 
him remain iong at peace. He quickly declared war againft 
the Fezzans, reduced them to become his tributaries, and 
extended his conquefts all along the Mediterranean. He 
next attacked fome Arabian cheyks who had not yet fub- 
mitted to his jurifdiction; and purfued them with fuch 
fury, that neither the Libyan deferts, nor ridges of the 
moft craggy rocks, could Ihelter them from his arms. He 
attacked them in fuch of their retreats, caftles, and for- 
treftes, as were till then deemed impregnable ; and at laft: 
fubdued them, to the great grief of the other African 
nations, who were greatly annoyed by the ravages com¬ 
mitted by his numerous forces. 
Thus was founded the empire of the Morabites; which, 
however, was of no long duration; that race being in the 
3 2th century driven out by Mohavedin, a marabout. This 
race of priefts was expelled by Abdulac, governor of Fez; 
and he, in the 13th century, ftripped of his new conquefts 
3 b >' 
