,T 3 2 A L G 
near the town of Arzew. This river hath la 1 ety received 
the name of Cena, vvho'rebuilt the town of Bathalaw after 
it had been dedroyed. 4. The Shelliff, orZilif, defcend- 
ing trom mount Guanexeris, runs through fome great de¬ 
fects, the lake Titteri, the frontiers of Tremecen and Te- 
nez, falling into the lea a little above the'city of Mofta- 
gan. 5. The Celef, fuppofed to be the Carthena of the 
anci'ents, falls into the fea about three leagues 1 Welt of Al¬ 
giers, after a fliort courfe of eighteen or twenty leagues; 
6. The Hucd-alquiver, fuppofed to be the Nalabata,. or 
Na.fa.ba of the ancients, and called by the Europeans Zin- 
ganir, runs down with a fwift courfe through the high 
mountains of Cuco, and falls into the lea near Buje'yah. 
7.. Suf-Gemar, or Suf-Gjirimar al Rumniel, fuppofed to 
be the Ambfaga of Ptolemy, hath its fource on mount 
Aurus ; thence runs through the fruitful plains of Con- 
liantina, where its dream is greatly increafed ; and, running 
northward, it falls into the fea a little ead of Gigeri. S. The 
Ladag, or Ludeg, runs down from mount Atlas 'through' 
part of Condantina, and falls into the fea a little eadward 
of Bona. 9. Guadi, or Guadel Barbel, fprings from the 
head of Orbus, or Urbs, in Tripoli, runs through B11- 
jeyah, and falls into the fea near Tabarea. 
The inhabitants along the coads are a mixture of dif¬ 
ferent nations; but chiefly Moors and Morefcos driven 
out of Catalonia, Arragon, and other parts '.of Spain. 
Here are alfo great numbers of Turks, who come front 
the Levant to feek their fortune ; as well as multitudes of 
Jews and Chridians taken at fea, Who are brought hither 
to be fold for flaves. The Bereb'ers are fome of.the mod 
ancient inhabitants of the country; and are fuppofed to 
be defeended from the ancient Sabeans, who came hither 
from Arabia Felix under the conduct of one of their 
princes. Others believe them to be fome of the Canaanites* 
driven out of Paledine by Joduta. Thefe are difperfed all 
over Barbary, and divided into a multitude of tribes un¬ 
der their refpeftive chiefs : mod of them inhabit the 
mountainous parts ; fome range from place to place, and 
live in tents, or portable huts; others in fcattered vil¬ 
lages: they have, neverthelels, kept themfelvcs for the 
mod part from intermixing with other nations. The Bere- 
bers are reckoned the riched of all, go better clothed, and 
carry on a much larger traffic of cattle, hides, wax, honey, 
iron, and other commodities. They have alfo fome arti¬ 
ficers in iron, and fome manufacturers in the weaving 
branch. The name of Bercber is fuppofed to have been 
originally given them on account of their being fir ft fet¬ 
tled in fome defert place. Upon their increafmg in pro- 
cefs of time, they divided themfelves into five tribes, pro¬ 
bably on account of religious differences,- called the Zin- 
hagians, Mufamcdins, Zeheti, Hoaxes , and Gomeres ; and thefe, 
having produced 600 families, fubdivided themfelves into 
a great number of petty tribes. To thefe we may add 
the Zwowahs, by European authors called Azuagues, or 
A ([agues, who are likewife difperfed over molt'parts of 
Barbary and Numidia. Great numbers of thefe inhabit 
the mountainous parts of Cuco, Labez, See. leadinga wan¬ 
dering paftoral life. But the mod: numerous inhabitants 
are the Moors and Arabians. The former are very flout 
and warlike, and fkilful horfemen; but To'addicted to 
robbing, that one cannot fafely travel along the country 
at a difiance from the towns without a guard, or at lead 
a marabout or faint for a fafeguard. For as they look 
upon themfelves to be the original proprietors of the 
country, and not only as difpolfeffed bv the reft of the 
inhabitants, but reduced by them to the lowed date of 
poverty, they make no fcruple-to plunder all they meet 
by way of reprifal. The inhabitants in general have a 
pretty fair complexion ; they are robud and well propor¬ 
tioned. People of didinftion wear their beard ; they have 
rich clothes made of (ilk, embroidered with flowers of 
gold, and turbans enriched with jewels. The Turks, who 
compofe the military force, have great privileges, pay no 
taxes, are never publicly puniflied, and rarely in private. 
T he lowed foldie-r domineers over the mod diflinguilhed 
I E & A. 
Moors a¥ pfl-eafure. If he finch" them better moulded than 
himfelf, he exchanges horfes without ceremony. The 
Turks alone have the privilege of carrying nre-ann-s.’ 
Many good qualities, however, diftinguifh them in (pits' 
of this excefs of defpotifm. They never game for moiiev, 
nor even for trifles; and they never profane, the name of 
the Deity. They form forget their private' quarrels ; and, ; 
after the firft paroxyfm of refentinent is over, it is infamv 
fora Turk to keep in remembrance■ the injuries .he has' 
received. In this refpect certainly-they are dels barbaro'u? 
than other nations th'ift boafl of their civilization. 
The corfairs or pirates form each a finall republic, of 
which- the rais or captain is the Cupreine bafhaw; who, 
with the officers under him, form a kind of douwan, in 
which every matter relating to the veiled' is decided in an 
arbitrary way. Thefe c'orfairs' are chiefly 'mdrunibntal in- 
importing whatever commodities are brought into the 
kingdom, either by way of merchandize or prizes. Thefe 
conlift chiefly of gold and fitver duffs, dauiailcs, cloths, 
fpices, tin, iron, plated brafs, lead, quickfilver, cordage,' 
fail-cloth, bullets, cochineal, linen, tartar, alum, rice, El¬ 
gar, foap, cotton raw and fpun, copperas, aloes, b'azil 
and logwood, vermilion, Sec. Very few commodities, 
however, are exported from this part of the world: the 
oil, wax, hides, pulfe, and corn, produced, being but 
barely fufficient to fupply the country ;• though, before 
the lofs of Oran, the merchants have been known to fhip 
off from Barbary feveral thoufand tons of corn. The 
confumption of oil, though in great abundance, is fo con- 
fiderable, that it is feldom permitted to be (flipped off for 
Europe. The other exports confid chiefly in odriches 
feathers, copper, rugs, (ilk faflies, embroidered handker- 
cliiefs, dates, and Ghridian flaves. Some manufactures' 
in (ilk, cotton, wool, leather, See. arc carried on in this 
country,-but modly by the Spaniards fettled here, efpe* 
daily about the metropolis. Carpets are alfo a manu¬ 
facture of the countrv; which, though much inferior to 
thofe of Turkey both in beauty and finenefs, are pre¬ 
ferred by the people to lie upon, on account of their being 
both cheaper and fofter. There are alfo at Algiers looms' 
for velvet, taffaties, and other wrought (ilks ; and a coarfe 
fort of linen is likewife made in mod parts of the king¬ 
dom. The country furniflies no materials for fliip-build-' 
ing : they have neither ropesj tar, fails, anchors, nor even 
iron. When they can procure enough of new wood to 
form the'main timbers of a (hip, they fupply the red from 
the materials of prizes which they go cut to feize; and 
thus find the fecret of producing new and fwifr-failing' 
veffels from the ruins of the old. - Of all the dates on the 
coad of Barbary, the Algerines are the firongell at fea, 
and furnifli the greated number of corfairs, and of courfe 
commit the greated depredations on the feas. 
The commerce of the American dates- hath lately dif¬ 
fered very confiderably from the captures made by thefe 
corfairs, particularly thofe (hips which vifit the Mediter¬ 
ranean. They have in general vouchfafed to be at peace- 
with the Englifh and Dutch; but feem to have fvvOrn 
eternal war againd Spain,_Italy, France, Sec. whom they 
look upon to be the greated enemies to the Mahometan 
name. “ It is remarkable that thefe pirates,” fays the 
Abbe Raynal, “ have in turn reduced the greated powers 
of Europe to the di(grace of making them annual pre¬ 
fects ; which, under whatever name they are di(glided, 
are in fn£t a tribute. They have fometimes, indeed, been 
puniflied and humbled, but their rapines have never been 
totally fupprelfed. To what people is reserved the glory' 
of breaking thofe fetters which Africa is thus inleniibly 
preparing for us, and of removing thofe terrors which 
are fo formidable to navigation-? No nation can attempt 
it alone-; perhaps, if it did, the jealoufy ot the red Would 
throw fecret obflacles in its way. This mud therefore 
be the work of a general combination. All the mariti me 
powers ought to concur in the execution of a delign in 
which all are equally intereded. Thefe (rates, which 
every thing invites to mutual alliance, -good-will, and de¬ 
fence. 
