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ftreets; this vigorous defence was maintained till the ar¬ 
rival of the Britifh fleet, a month afterwards, under the 
command of Sir George Byng; his fliips were, the Defi¬ 
ance, Northumberland, Eflex, York, and Dunkirk. The 
lad tvcnt within the line in three fathoms and a half, as 
drawing lefs water than the others; then, laying her broad- 
fide to the eaft part of the town, began to cannonade; 
but, the wind being frefh, and a great fvvell rolling in from 
the eaftward, the large fliips were obliged to weigh their 
anchors, and get out of cannon-fhot. The Dunkirk, 
having much of her rigging damaged, and her fmall bow r - 
er cut, lay expofed for forne time to the ihot, bombs, and 
carcafles, of the enemy; but at length got off. The wea¬ 
ther continuing very bad, and general Stanhope, who was 
on-board the fleet, finding the.enemy increafe confidera- 
Jbly in ftrength, and fuppofing the garrifon by this time to 
be driven to great extremities, fent a flag of truce to che¬ 
valier d’Asfcldt, the Spanilh commander, w'ith propofals 
for furrendering the caiile, which were agreed to, and the 
garrifon, marching out with the honours of war, embark¬ 
ed on-board the fleet. No troops ever di(played a more 
inflexible firmnefs, and, although the event was fatal to the 
principal officers, yet the garrifon in general, after endur 
ring all thefe perils, inllead of furrendering prifoners of 
war, only evacuated the place. 
A great trade is carried on at Alicant, in wine and 
fruit. It is feated in the Mediterranean, on a bay of the 
fame'name, thirty-feven miles north-eaft of Murcia, and 
feventy-five fouth of Valencia. Lat. 38. 24. N. Ion. 
o. 36. W. 
ALICA'TA, a mountain of Sicily, near the valleys 
Mazara and Noto, upon which was fituated, as is gene¬ 
rally thought, the famous Dxdalion, where the tyrant Pha- 
laris kept his brazen bull. 
Alicata, a town of Sicily, remarkable for corn and 
wine. It was plundered by the Turks in 1543, and is 
feated qji a fort of peninfula near the fea, twenty-tw o miles 
S. E. of Girgenti. Lat. 37.11. N. Ion. 15.20. E. 
Aljcata Chlamys, w'as a fort of veft with fleeves, 
worn by the Roman boys till the age of thirteen, at which 
time they put on the preetexta. 
AL'ICE, [ adcliza , Lat. of add, Teut. of cethc. 1 , Sax. 
noble.] A proper name of women. This name in Teu¬ 
tonic is Adel/ieit, which laft fyllable is the termination of 
many fubftantives, where the Kngliflt ufe eft or nejs-, thus, 
Addheit fignifies noblenefs. 
AL'IDADE, J'. an Arabic name for the label, index, 
or ruler, which is moveable about the centre of an aftro- 
labe, quadrant, &tc. and carrying the fights ort-telefcope, 
and by which are (hewn the degrees cut off the limb or 
arch of the inftrument. 
A'LIEN,yi [alicnus, Lat.] In law, is one that is born 
out of the dominions of the crown of England. 1 Blackjl. 
366. But children of the king’s amballadors born abroad 
have always been held to be natural fubjefts. Id. 373. An 
alien born may purchafe lands or other eftates, but not for 
his own ufe; for the king, uponfuch purchafe, is entitled 
to them. Id. 371. 
But an alien may acquire a property in goods, money, 
and other perfonal eftate, or may hire a houfe fer his ha¬ 
bitation. 
Alfo aliens may trade as freely as other people; only 
they are fubjeft to certain higher duties at the cuftorn- 
heufe; which is what is now called the alien’s duty; to be 
exempted from which, is one principal caufe of the fre¬ 
quent applications to parliament foraftsof naturalization. 
Id. 316. An alien may bring an aftion concerning perfon¬ 
al property, and may make a will and difpofe of his per¬ 
fonal eftate. 7^.372. 
By feveral afts of parliament, all children born out of 
the king’s allegiance, whofe fathers (or grandfathers by the 
father’s fide) were natural born fubjefts, are now deemed 
to be natural born fubjefts themfolves to all intents and 
purpofes; unlefs fuch anceftors were attainted, or baniffi- 
ed beyond^fea for high treafon; yet fo as that the grand- 
Vol. I. No. 22. 
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33 ' 7 
children of fuch anceftors fliall not be privileged in refpeft 
of the alien’s duty, except they be Proteftants, and actu¬ 
ally refide within the realm; nor fliall be able to claim 
any intereft, unlefs the claim be made within five years af¬ 
ter the fame fliall accrue. Id. 373. If an Englifliman liv¬ 
ing beyond fea marries a wife there, and has a child by 
her, and dies; this child is born a denizen, and fliall be 
heir to him, notwithftanding that the wife was an alien. 
Cro.Cha. 601. 
Aliens can have no heirs, becaufe they have not in them 
any inheritable blood. 2 Blackjl. 249. If an alien be madfc 
a denizen by the king’s letters patent, and then purchafes 
lands, his fon, born before his denization, lhall not inhe¬ 
rit thofe lands; but a fon born afterwards may, even tho’ 
his elder brother be living; for the father, before deni¬ 
zation, had no inheritable blood to communicate to his 
eldeft fon; but by denization it acquires an hereditary 
quality, which will be tranfmitted to bis fubfequent pof- 
terity. Yet, if he had been naturalized by aft of parlia¬ 
ment, fuch eldeft fon might then have inherited; for that 
cancels all defefts, and is allowed to have a retrofpeftive 
energy, which fimple denization hath not. Ibid. Thenei 
ceffity of trade, however, has mollified the too rigorous 
rules of the" old law, in the reftraint and difeouragement 
■of aliens. A Jew may bring an aftion, though heretofore 
lie could not; but commerce has taught the world more 
humanity. And therefore it is held, that an alien enemy 
commorant here, by licence of the king, and under his 
protection, may maintain an aftion of debt upon a bond, 
even though he did not come with a fafe conduft. L. 
Raym. 282. 1 Atk. 43. 
On a bill in chancery, brought for an account againft 
the reprefentatives of an Eaft-India governor, who plead¬ 
ed that the plaintiff was an alien born, and an alien infi¬ 
del, and therefore could have no fuit here; lord Hard- 
wicke faid, as the plaintiff’s was a mere perfonal demand, 
it was extremely clear that he might bring a bill in this 
court, and over-ruled the defendant’s plea, without hear¬ 
ing counfel of either fide. 1 Atk. 51. 
An alien enemy, who was the captain of a French pri¬ 
vateer, took an Engliffi fhip, upon the high feas, in time 
of open war; and ranfoned the fhip and cargo; and had 
the mate given to him as an hoftage; which hoftage died 
in prifon. The ranfom bill was figned by both captains, 1 
and by the hoftage; and by it the captain obliges himfelf 
and his owners to pay to the French captain the ranfom 
money within two months. By the court: An action is 
maintainable'by the French captain againft the Englifh 
captain upon this ranfom bill; notwithftanding the death 
of the hoftage, and notwithftanding the plaintiff’s being 
an alien enemy. ’And the like law prevailed both in France 
and Holland. Burr. Mansf. 1741. 
An alien whofe fovereign is in amity with the crown of 
England, refiding here, and receiving the protection ot 
the law, owes a local allegiance to the crown during the 
time of his refidence ; and if, during that time, he com¬ 
mits an offence, he fhall be liable to be punifhed for the 
fame, even as a natural born fubjeft. Forhis perfon and 
perfonal eftate are as much under the protection of the 
law as the natural born fubjeft’s; and, if he is injured irs 
either, he has the fame remedy at law for fuch injury.. 
Fojl. 185. So alfo, an alien whofe fovereign is at enmity 
with us, living here under the king’s protection, commit¬ 
ting offences, may be proceeded againft in like manner; 
for he oweth a temporary local allegiance. Id. 
A lien-Duty, an impoft laid on all goods imported by 
aliens, over and above the cuftoms paid tor fuch goods 
imported by Britifh, and on Britifh bottoms. 
. Aliens-Duty, is otherwife called petty cujioms , and 
navigation-duty. Fifh dried or falted, and cod-fifh or her¬ 
ring not caught in Britifh veffels and cured by Britifh, pay 
a double aliens-duty. See Duty. 
Alien-Priories, a kind of inferior monafteries, for¬ 
merly very numerous in England, and fo called from their 
belonging to foreign abbeys. 
4 R 'Tt 
