ALL 
onion has been confidered as of an alexipharmic quality, 
and has been prefcribed in malignant and epidemical dif- 
tempers. They are very diuretic and powerful in clean- 
fing and breaking away any obflructions in the urinary 
paffages. They are likewife very efficacious in all infarc¬ 
tions of the lungs, greatly promoting expectoration, and 
relieving afthmas and difficulty of breathing. Externally 
they are employed in cataplafms for fuppurating hard tu¬ 
mors. Garlic is dill more powerful than onions. As it 
is very heating and penetrating, it ffiould not be ufed too 
freely, being apt to caufe head-achs and other inconveni¬ 
ences. A clove or two of garlic pounded with honey, 
and taken two or three nights together, is good in rheu¬ 
matic cafes. A quart of water poured boiling hot upon 
a pound of the freffi root, cut into dices, and fuft'ered to 
dand upon it in a clofe velfel, for twelve hours, becomes 
drongly impregnated with the tade and fmell of the gar¬ 
lic. This infufion, with a proper quantity of fugar, makes 
the fyrup of garlic of the diops. Vinegar and honey ex¬ 
cellently coincide with and improve this medicine, as a 
detergent and deobdruent, in diforders of the bread: a 
composition of this kind is prepared by infilling an ounce 
and a half of the fredi root in half a pint of vinegar, and 
diffblving in the drained liquor, by the heat of a water- 
bath, ten ounces of clarified honey: to cover in fome de¬ 
gree the ill l'mell of the garlic, a little carraway and fweet- 
fennel feed, bruifed, two drachms of each, are boiled for 
a ffiort time in the vinegar, before the garlic is put in. 
The garlic itfelf is never to be boiled ; its effential oil (in 
which its virtue coniids) exhaling during that procefs. 
37. Allium moly, or yellow moly : fcape lubcylindric, 
leaves lanceolate, iellile ; umbel level-topped. This was 
formerly preferved in gardens for the fake of its yellow 
flowers, but, having a very drong garlic fcent, mod peo¬ 
ple have rooted it out. A native of Hungary, on Monte 
Baldo, about Montpelier, and on the Pyrenees. 
38. Allium tricoccum, or three-feeded garlic: fcape 
naked, femicolumnar; leaves lanceolate-oblong, flat, 
fmooth; umbel globular, feeds folitary. Native of North 
America. 
39. Allium fiflulofum, or Welfli onion or ciboule: fcape 
equalling the columnar dwelling leaves. Ciboule or Weldi 
onion is perennial, and does not form bulbs like the com¬ 
mon onion ; it was cultivated in 1629. 
40. Allium fchoenoprafum, or cives or chives: fcape 
equalling the columnar awl-filiform leaves. Thefe fmell 
very drong, and there is a variety of them found in Sibe¬ 
ria, &c. flgured by Gmelin and Buxbaum, defcribed by 
Murray in the new Gottingen Comment. In the com¬ 
mon cives the leaves are draight; in this they are reflect¬ 
ed at the ends; in that the form of the umbel can fcarce- 
ly be called pyramidal, as it is in this. The fcape how¬ 
ever of both is clothed with the ffieath of the leaves, fo 
that it cannot be faid that it is truly naked. A native of 
Italy, Switzerland, Sweden, and Siberia. 
41. Allium Sibiricum, or Siberian garlic : fcape colum¬ 
nar, leaves femicylindric, flamens awl-fnaped. This and 
the next are natives of Siberia. Introduced in 1777 by 
chevalier Murray. 
42. Allium tenuifllmum, or dender-leaved garlic: fcape 
columnar, empty ; leaves awl-filiform ; heads loofe, few- 
flowered. It is much eaten by the field- mice, and they 
lay up the roots for their winter food. 
43. Allium chamae-molv, or baflard garlic: fcape 
fcarcely any, naked; capfules drooping, leaves flat ciliate. 
Native of Italy; flowering in January. 
44. Allium gracile, or Jamaica garlic : fcape naked, co¬ 
lumnar, very long; leaves linear, channelled; flamens 
fabulate, connate at the bafe. This is a native of Jamaica, 
was introduced in 1787 by Hinton Ead, Efq. and it flow¬ 
ers in February. 
45. Allium Neapolitanum, or Naples garlic : fcape na¬ 
ked ancipital, leaves lanceolate channelled, umbel fcatter- 
ed. It is cultivated in the gardens near Naples, and begins 
to grow fpontaneoully about the city, flowering in March. 
I U M. 351 
Propagation and Culture. Garlic is eafily propagated by 
planting the cloves or fmall bulbs of the root in the 
fpring, with a dibber or in drills, in beds four feet wide, 
in rows fix inches from each other, and four or five inches 
diflant in the rows; keeping them clean from weeds. 
About the beginning of June, the leaves ffiould be tied in 
knots, to prevent their fpindling or running to feed, which 
will greatly enlarge the bulb. Towards the end of July 
the leaves will begin to wither and decay, when the roots 
diould be taken up, cleaned and dried in the fun, tied in 
bunches and hung up in a dry room, to prevent their rot¬ 
ting, and thus preferved for winter life. 
Rocambole may be propagated either by the roots, or 
the bulbs produced on the flalks: they diould be planted 
in autumn, efpecially on dry ground, otherwife their bulbs 
will not be large. They are to be planted and prepared 
for life in the lame manner as garlic. 
All the flowering forts are very hardy, and will thrive 
in almoflany foil and fituation; they are eafily propagated 
either by their roots, or feeds; if from the roots, the bed: 
time is in autumn, that they may take good root in the 
ground before the fpring, which is neceffary, in order to 
have them flower drong the followingTummer. If by 
feeds, they may be fown in a border of common earth, 
either in autumn, loon after the feeds are ripe, or in the 
fpring following; and will require no farther care, but to 
keep them clear from weeds: in the following autumn, 
they may be tramfplanted into the borders wffiere they are 
to remain. They flower in May, June, and July. 
Species the filth, (ixth, feventh, tenth, lixteenth, eigh¬ 
teenth, twentieth, twenty-eighth, thkty-fird, and thirty— 
feventh, are the bed known in the gardens, but lately have 
been iittle cultivated; mod of them are from twelve to 
eighteen inches in height, and continue a month in flower : 
the fifth and feventh are from two feet to a yard high, and 
produce large fpecious umbels. The yellow moly (No. 
37.) lias fome beauty in the flowers, and deferves a place 
in borders where few better things will thrive: it increa- 
fes plentifully both by roots and feeds. 
Of the leek there has been generally fuppofed two forts, 
but I have made trial of them both, by lowing their feeds 
feveral times, and find they are the fame; the difference 
which has rifen between them, lias been occafioned by 
fome perfons having faved the feeds from old roots, and 
not from the feedling leeks, whereby they have degene¬ 
rated them, and rendered them fmaller and narrower 
leaved; but by care this may be recovered again, as I 
have experienced. Leeks are cultivated by lowing their 
feeds in the fpring, in ti.e fame manner as is directed be¬ 
low for onions, with which thefe are commonly fown, the 
two forts of feeds being mixed according to the propor¬ 
tion which is delired of either fort; though the mod com¬ 
mon method is, to mix an equal quantity of both, for the 
onions will greatly out-grow the leeks in the fpring; but, 
thefe being drawn off' early in Augufl, the leeks will have 
time to grow large afterwards, fo that there may be a mo¬ 
derate crop of both forts. The management of leeki 
being exa6tly the fame witii onions, we Avail not repeat it; 
but (hall only add, that many perfons fow their leeks very 
thick in beds in the fpring; and, in June, after fome of 
their early crops are taken off, they dig up the ground, 
and plant their leeks out thereon, in rows a foot apart, 
and fix inches afttnder in the rows, obferving to water 
them until they have taken root; after which they will 
require no farther culture, but to clear the ground from 
weeds. The leeks thus planted will grow to a large lize, 
provided the ground be good. If you would fave the 
feeds of this plant, you diould make choice of fome of^' 
the larged and bed leeks you ivave, which mud remain in 
the place where they grew until February, when they 
ffiould be tranfplanted in a row againfl a warm hedge, 
paling* or wall, at about eight incites afunder; and', when 
their Items advance, which will be in May or June, they 
diould be fupported by a flring, to prevent their being 
broken down, to which they are very liable, elpecialLy 
