ALL 
the feeds are formed, tire heads will be heavy, and are 
very often broken down by their own weight, where they 
are not well fecured; and, if the (talks are broken before 
the feeds have arrived to maturity, they will not be near 
fo good, nor keep fo long as thofe which are perfectly ri¬ 
pened. About the end of Align ft the onion feed will be 
ripe, which may be known by its changing brown, and 
the cells in which the feeds are contained opening ; fo that, 
if it be not cut in a fliort time, the feeds will fall to the 
ground : when you cut ofFthe heads, they fliould be fpread 
abroad upon coarfe cloths in the fun, obferving to keep 
them under flielter ill the night, as alfo in wet weather; 
and, when the heads are quite dry, you mult beat out the 
feeds, which are very ealily difcharged from their cells: 
then having cleared them from all the hulks, &c. after 
having expofed them one day to the fun to dry, you mult 
put them up in bags to preferve them for ule. The di¬ 
rections here given are for the general crop of winter 
onions; but there are two other crops of this common 
fort of onion, cultivated in the gardens about London to 
fupply the market, one of which is commonly called the 
Michaelmas onion. Thefe are fown in beds pretty clofe, 
in the middle of Augult, and mult be well weeded when 
they come up. In the fpring-of the year, after the win¬ 
ter onions are over, they are tied up in bunches; but from 
the thinning of thefe, they carry to market young green 
onions in March, for fallads, &c. In the fpring they fow 
more beds in the fame manner, to draw up young onions 
for fallads, after the Michaelmas onions are grown too 
large for that purpofe; and, where a fupply of thefe is 
required, there may be three different fowings, at about 
three weeks diflance from each other, which will be fuf- 
ficient for the feafon. To have onions for pickling, fome 
feed fliould be fown late in light poorland: the middle of 
April is the proper time. Sow it pretty thick, and do 
iiot thin it, unlefs when it riles in chillers. The bulbs 
will be fit to take up in Augult. 
The fcallion, or efcallion, is a fort of onion which never 
forms any bulbs at the roots, and is chiefly ufed in the 
fpring for green onions, before the other forts, fown in 
July, are big enough ; but this fort of onion, how much 
foever in life formerly, is now fo fcarce as to be known to 
few people, and is rarely to be met with, except in curious 
botanic gardens: the gardeners near London fubftitute 
for this, thofe onions which decay and fprout in the lioufe : 
thefe they plant in a bed early in the fpring, which in a 
fliort time will grow large enough for ufe ; when they 
draw them up, and, after pulling off all the outer coat of 
the root, they tie them up in bunches, and fell them in 
the market for fcallions. The true fcallion is eafily pro¬ 
pagated by parting the roots, either in fpring or autumn ; 
but the latter feafon is preferable, becaufe of their being 
rendered more fit for ufe in the fpring: thefe roots fliould 
be planted three or four in a hole, at about fix inches dif- 
tance every way, in beds or borders three feet wide, which 
in a fliort time will multiply exceedingly, and will grow 
upon almoft any foil and in any fituation; and their being 
fo hardy as to refill the fevered of our winters, and being 
green, and fit for ufe fo early in the fpring, renders them 
worthy of a place in all good kitchen-gardens. 
The cives are a very fmall l'ort of onion, which never 
produce any bulbs, and feldom grow above fix inches 
high in the blade, which is alfo very fmall and (lender, 
and in round bunches; this was formerly in great requefl 
for fallads in the fpring, as being milder than thofe onions 
which had flood through the winter; thefe are propagated 
by parting their roots, are alfo very hardy, and will be 
fit for ufe early in the fpring. 
The ciboule, or Wellh onions, are alfo propagated for 
fpring ufe only; thefe never make any bulb, therefore are 
only fit to be ufed green for fallads, See. They are fown 
about the end of July, in beds of about three feet and a 
half wide, leaving alleys, of two feet broad, to go between 
the beds to clean them, and in a fortnight’s time they will 
appear above ground, when they mull be carefully cleared 
Vol, I. No. 23. 
ALL » 3)3 
from weeds ; towards the middle of October their blades 
will die away, fo that the whole fpot will feem to be nu¬ 
ked, which has led many people to dig up the ground 
again, fuppofing the crop total!*»loft ; whereas, if they 
Hand undiflurbed, they will come up again very ltrong in 
January, and from that time grow very vigoroully, refill¬ 
ing all weathers; and by March will be fit to draw for 
young onions, and are, in the markets, more valued than 
any other fort at that feafon ; for they are extremely green 
and fine, though they are much llronger than the com¬ 
mon onion in talle, approaching nearer to garlic, which 
has occafioned their being lefs efleenied for tiie table: but 
as no winter, however hard, will hurt them, it is proper 
to have a few of them to fupply the table, in cafe the com¬ 
mon fort fliould be deftroyed by frofts. 
The roots of thefe onions, if planted out at fix or eight 
inches diflance, in March, will produce ripe feeds in au¬ 
tumn, but it will be in fmall quantities the firfl year; there¬ 
fore the fame roots fliould remain unremoved, which the 
fecond and third year will produce many Items, and afford 
a good fupply of feeds; thefe roots will abide many years 
good, but fliould be tranfplanted and parted every fe¬ 
cond or third year, which will caule them to produce 
ltrong feeds. 
The efchalotte, chalott, or (ballot, is propagated by the 
fnialler roots or off-lets, planted In Novemberor February, 
on beds four feet wide, fix inches from each other, and 
two or three deep. They want no culture but to keep 
them clean from weeds. The end of July or beginning 
of Augult, the roots will have attained their full growth; 
but the time of taking them up is belt determined by the 
withering of the leaves : this Ihould be done in a dry day. 
Spread them in the fun, and, when dry, clean and tie them 
in bunches for ufe. 
Al'lium,/ inbotany. See Hyacinthus, Hypoxis^. 
and TradescantiA. 
AL'LIX (Dr. Peter), a learned French proteftant di¬ 
vine, born at Alenfon, in 1641. He became minifier of 
the reformed church at Rouen, where he publiflied many 
learned and curious pieces ; the credit of which induced 
the reformed to call him to Charenton, about a league 
from Paris, being the principal church they had in France. 
On the revocation of the edift of Nantz, he retired to Eng¬ 
land ; where he fiudied the language with fo much fuccefs, 
as to publilh a work, intitled, “ Refledtions on the Books 
in the Holy Scriptures, to eftablilli the Truth of the Chrif- 
tian Religion,” two vols. which he dedicated to James II. 
acknowledging his obligations to that prince, and his kind 
behaviour to the diftreffed refugees in general. He wr-ote 
feveral other treatifes relating to ecclefiaftical hiftory ; 
which rendered hyn as famous in England as in France, 
for his ingenious and folid defences of the reformed reli¬ 
gion. He was complimented with the degree of D. D. 
and in 1690 was made treafurer of the church of Salisbury. 
He died in 1717. 
ALLO'A, or Al'loway, a fea-port town in Scotland, 
feated on the Forth, about twenty miles higher up the ri¬ 
ver than Leith, and five miles ealt of Stirling. It is a 
populous place ; has two market days in the week; and is 
remarkable for its fine caltle, the feat of the earl of Mar, 
and for the coal-mines near it. The harbour is extremely 
commodious, with great depth of water; and veffels are ex- 
peditioufly loaded with coals from the pits by an uncommon 
waggon-way, on which one horfe draws with eafe three 
waggons at once, each containing a ton and a half. An ex¬ 
cellent dry-dock has alfo lately been erected here, capable 
of receiving fhipsof the greateft burthen. There is likewife 
a large glafs-houfe for blowing bottles, of which veffels 
are fupplied with any quantity upon the fliorteft notice. 
ALLOBRO'GES, f [from Allobrox.'] A people of 
Gallia Narbonenlis, fituate'd between the rivers Ifara and 
Rhodanus, and the Lacus Lenianus: commended by Ci¬ 
cero for their fidelity; difeommended by Horace, on ac¬ 
count of their fondnefs'for novelty. 
ALLOCA'TION, f. [al/oco, Lat. ] The aft of putting 
4 X one 
