43* 
AM E R I C A.' 
lying north and eaft of the United States, except Green¬ 
land, which belongs to Denmark. The remaining part is 
the territory of the Fifteen United States. The particular 
provinces and (fates of North America are as follow : 
Provinces & States. N°ofln- 
T . . , . habitants. Chief Towns. 
United states. 
Vermont 85,539 Windfor, Rutland 
New Ilampfliire 141,885 Portfmouth, Concord 
Maffachufett’s \ 387,787 Bofton,Salem,Newbury Port 
DiftriCt of Maine J 96,540 Portland, Hallowell 
Rhode Ifland 68,825 Newport, Providence 
Connefticut 237,9+6 New Haven, Hartford 
New York 340,120 New York, Albany 
New Jerfey 184,139 Trenton, Burlington, Brunf- 
wiek 
Pennfylvania 434,3 73 Philadelphia, Lancafler 
Delaware 59,094 Dover, Wilmington, New- 
caftle 
Maryland 319,728 Annapolis, Baltimore 
Virginia 747,610 Richmond, Peterlburgh, 
Norfolk 
Kentucky 73,677 Lexington 
North Carolina 393,751 Newbern, Edenton, Halifax 
South Carolina 249,073 Charleliown, Columbia 
Georgia 82,548 Savannah, Augufta 
Territory S. of Ohio 35,691 Abingdon 
TerritoriesN.W. of Ohio Marietta 
Britijk Provinces. 
New Britain unknown 
Upper Canada 20,000 Kingfton, Detroit, Niagara 
Lower Canada "1130,000 Quebec, Montreal 
Cape Breton III. j 1,000 Sidney, Louilburgh 
New Brunfwick 1 f Fredericktown 
Nova Scotia j ■ > ^ , ° 00 \ Halifax 
St.John’s III. in 1783 5,000 Charlottetown 
Newfoundland Ifl. 7,000 Placentia, St. John’s 
Denmark. 
Greenland 10,000 New Kerrnhut 
Spanijh Provinces. 
Ealt Florida Auguftine 
Weft Florida Penfacola 
Louifiana New Orleans 
New Mexico St. Fee 
California St. Juan 
Mexico, or New Spain Mexico 
For particulars relating to the hiftory and prefent ftate 
of the above provinces, fee under their refpeftive heads. 
SOUTH AMERICA 
Forms apart of the globe, where the human mind is 
fticceflively furpri'fed with the fublinte and aftonilhing 
works of nature; where rivers of amazing breadth flow 
through beautiful and widely-extended plains, and where 
lofty mountains, whofe fummits are covered with eternal 
fnow, intercept the clouds, and hide their heads from the 
■ view of mortals. In fome parts of this extenfive region, 
nature hath bountifully beftowed her treafures, and given 
every thing necelfary for the convenience and happinefs of 
fociety. We have only to regret, that avaricious men 
have fuftceflively drenched with innocent blood thefe 
plains, which are fo beautifully formed and enriched by 
the hand of nature ; and that the rod of Spanifh defpotifm 
has prevented the population of a country, which might 
have fupported millions of beings in affluence. 
South America is an extenfive peninfula, connefted with 
North America by the ifthmus of Darien, and divided be¬ 
tween Spain, Portugal, France, Holland, &c. as follows : 
_ „ f Terra Firma, Peru, 
Spanish Dominions^ | Chili> & Paraguay . 
Portuguese, - •- - Brazil. 
French, - - - Cayenne. 
Dutch, ----- Surinam. 
. f Amazonia, 
Aborigines, p Patagonia. 
Terra Fir.ma is fitpafe.d between 6o° and 82° weft lon¬ 
gitude, and the equator and 12 0 north latitude; its length 
is 1400 mile's, and its breadth 700 it is bounded on the 
north by the Atlantic Ocean, (called there the North 
Sea ;) on the eaft by the Atlantic Ocean and Surinam ; on 
the fouth by Amazonia and Peru ; and on the weft by the 
Pacific Ocean. It is here divided into two grand divifions. 
North and South; thefe are again fubdividea into pro¬ 
vinces. The northern divifion containing, 1. Darien, or 
Terra Firma Proper: 2. Carthagena : 3. St. Martha; 
4. Venezula: 5. Comana : 6. Paria, or New Andalufia. 
The fouthern diviiion containing, 1. New Granada: 2. 
Popayan. 
Peru is fituated between the equator and 25 0 fouth lati¬ 
tude, and 6o° and 8i° weft longitude ; its length is 1800 
miles, and its breadth, according to fome authors, 390, 
and others 600 miles ; but the lateft and moft authentic 
accounts ftate it at about 500. It is bounded on the north 
by Terra Firma, on the weft by the Pacific Ocean, on 
the fouth by Chili, and on the eaft by the mountains called 
the Andes. The empire of Peru, at the time it was fub- 
dued, extended along the South Sea, from the river of 
Emeralds to Chili, and on the land-fide to Popayan, ac¬ 
cording to fome geographers. It contained within its ex¬ 
tent that famous chain of mountains which rifes in the 
Terra Magellanica, and is gradually loft in Mexico, in 
order to unite, as it fliould feem, the fouthern parts of A- 
merica with the northern. It is now divided into three 
grand divifionsor audiences : 1. Quito; 2. Lima ; or Los 
Reyes; and 3. Los Charcos. As to its climate, mines, 
foil, and produce, they differ greatly in different parts of 
the country. 
Chili is fituated between 25 0 and 45° fouth latitude, and 
65° and 85° weft longitude ; its length is 1260, miles, and 
its greateft breadth 580; it is bounded on the north bv 
Peru; on the eaft by Paragua, or La Plata ; on the fouth 
by Patagonia ; and on the weft by the Pacific Ocean. It 
lies on both fides of the Andes ; Chili Proper lies on the 
weft, and Cuyo or Cutio on the eaft. The principal 
towns in the former are St. Jago and Baldivia; in the 
latter, St. John de Frontiera. The firft attempt of the 
Spaniards upon this country was made by Almagro in the 
year 1535, after he and Pizarohad completed the conqueft 
of Peru. 
Paraguay is fituated between i2°and 37 0 fouth latitude, 
and 50° and 75 0 weft longitude ; its length is 1500 miles* 
and its breadth 1000. It is bounded on the north by 
Amazonia ; on the eaft by Brafil ; on the fouth by Pata¬ 
gonia ; and on the weft by Chili and Peru. It is divided 
into fix provinces, viz. Paraguay, Parana, Guaira, Ura- 
gua, Tucuman, and Rio de la Plata. This country, be¬ 
tides an infinite number of ftp all rivers, is watered by 
three principal ones, the Paragua, Uragua, and Parana, 
which, united near the fea, form the. famous Rio de la 
Plata, or Plate river, which annually overflow their banks; 
and, on their recefs, leave them enriched with a flime that 
produces the greateft plenty of whatever is committed to 
it. This vaft trafl is far from being wholly fubdued or 
planted by the Spaniards. There are many parts in a 
great degree unknown to them, or to any other people in 
Europe. The principal province of which we have any 
knowledge, is that which is called Rio de la Plata, towards 
the mouth of the above-mentioned rivers. The Spaniards 
firft difcovered this country by failing up the river La 
Plata in 1515, and founded the town of Buenos Ayres, fo 
called on account of the excellence of the air. 
Brafil is fituated between the equator and 35 0 fouth lati¬ 
tude, and 6o° weft longitude; it is about 1560. miles in 
length, and 1000 in breadth ; but, meafuring along the 
coaft, it is 2000 miles long, and is bordered with moun¬ 
tains that open from time to time, and form good har¬ 
bours where veffels may lie in faftey. It is bounded by 
the mouth of the river Amazon and the Atlantic Ocean 
on the north ; and by the fame ocean on the eaft ; on the 
fouth by the river Plata-; on the weft by moraffes, lakes* 
rivers, 
