A M E 
to twenty-five years of age ; having been fcven years a ci¬ 
tizen of the United States; and, at the time of his elec¬ 
tion, an inhabitant of the lbate by which he is chofen; 
the holding of any place of honour, truft, or emolument, 
is an abfoiute difqualification. In this reprefentation there 
is no diftinftion of knights, citizens, and burgeffies ; it not 
being made out of counties, cities, and borough-towns; 
for the exelufive rights and peculiar privileges of corpo¬ 
rations are entirely unknown here. The delign of the new 
conftitution is, that the number of reprefentutives incon- 
grefs fliall not exceed one reprefentative for every 30,000, 
but that each Hate fball have at lead one reprefentative. 
An enumeration or cenfus of inhabitants was made foon 
after the fir ft meeting of the new congrefs, and a frefti 
enumeration is to be taken within every fubfequent term 
of ten years. 
In the year 1790, a cenfus was made of all the inhabi¬ 
tants; when they were clafted as follows: 
Free white males, from lixteen years of age 
and upward - 807,094 
Free white males under fixteen - - 794,900 
Free white females, without difcriminationofage 1,541,263 
All other free perfons, of either lex, and all ages 59,150 
Slaves - 694,280 
The fouth-weft territory was found to con¬ 
tain inhabitants, in the whole, to the amount of 
3,896,687 
35 > g 9 i 
3 1 7 3 2 > 3 7 8 
To the honour of the date of Mayne and Maffiachulett’s, 
there was not a Have found there. Virginia had 292,627, 
and Pennfylvania 3,737. 
The prefent ftate of reprefentation is, arranging tine fe- 
veral dates according to the time when each acceded to 
the general confederacy, 
Delaware - - - - 1 
Pennfylvania - - - - 13 
New Jerfcy - - - 5 
Georgia - - - - - 2 
Connecticut - - - - 7 
J Mayne - - 2 
\ Maffachufetts - - - 12 
Maryland - - - - 8 
South Carolina 6 
New. Hampftiire 4 
Virginia - - - - 19 
New York - - - - - 10 
North Carolina - - - - 10 
The above twelve ftates acceded to the new con¬ 
ftitution in the year 17S9. 
Rhode Ifiaod, acceded May 29, 1790 - 2 
Vermont, January 10, 1791 - - 2 
Kentucky, June 1, 1792 - « - 2 
The falaries paid to the great officers who conduct the 
affairs of government are,—The prefident of the congrefs, 
and commander in chief of the military and naval forces, 
25,000 dollar's, (5,300b fterling.) Vice-prefident, and 
prefident of the fenate, 5,000 dollars, (i,o6ol.) The 
fpeaker of the houfe of reprefentatives, twelve dollars per 
diem during his attendance, (2b ns.) The members of 
the fenate and houfe of reprefentatives,fix dollars(11.5S.6d.) 
for every day’s attendance; as well as for every twenty miles 
travelling to and from the feat of government. The fe- 
cretary of the fenate and clerk of the houfe of reprefen¬ 
tatives, each 1,506 dollars, (320b) The chief juftice of 
the fupreme court, 4000 dollars, (850b) The four allbr 
dated juftices, 3,500 dollars each. 
The eftimated amount of foreign debt, on the 4th of 
Auguft, 1790, when an act was palled to make provilion 
for the debts incurred by the war, appeared to be 11,710,378 
dollars, or 2,488,455b fterling; the eftimated amount of 
the dumellic debt, with the arrears of intereft to the 31ft 
RICA. 467 
of December, 1790, as reported to the houfe of reprefen^ 
tatives by their lecretary, was, 
Liquidated, - - 40,414,085 
Unliquidated, - - 2,000,000 
Dollars, - - * 42,414,085 
Or 9,012,992]. fterling. To difcharge w hich, a fubfcrip- 
tion was opened for a loan, on the 30th of September, 
1793, and nearly a fufficient funi was fubfcribed; the 
amount being 39,635,248 dollars. 
The American States in their houfe of commons are not 
reprefented by above one-third of the number by which 
the people of Great Britain are reprefented in their houfe, 
calculating upon the fuppofed population of each country. 
The fenate of the United States, which may be conlidered 
as the upper houfe of parliament, is compofed of two ie- 
nators from each ftate, chofen, not from the people at 
large, but from the legiflature thereof. No one can be 
chofen a fenator who has not attained to thirty years of age, 
who has not been nine years a citizen, and is- not a refident 
in the ftate where he is chofen: he cannot hold any place 
of honour, truft, or profit. Thefe fenators, when alfem- 
bled, are divided into three claftes ; thole in the firft clafis 
vacate their feats at the expiration of the fecond year; 
thofe of the fecond clafs, at the end of the fourth year; 
and of the third clafs, at the expiration of the fixth year. 
The prefident of the United States, in whom is veiled 
the executive power, and who mull not be under thirty- 
five years of age, is chofen by the nomination of each 
ftate, who for this purpofe names two, and theperlon up¬ 
on whom the largeft number of fiiftrages falls obtains this 
diftinguifhed rank, which is held for lour years. In like 
manner the vice-prelident is to be elected, and for the 
fame term. The latter is prefident of the fenate. The 
prefident, vice-prefident, fenate, and reprefentatives, are 
paid for their fervices at a rate fettled by law, and out of 
the treafury of the United States. 
As the firft regulation, by which each State had only 
one vote in congrefs, is aboliflied, and the majority of 
voices among the reprefentatives now carry a queftion, the 
weight of intereft which the largeft colonies poffiefs in that 
houfe may be conlidered as greatly predominating over the 
fmaller ftates, who fend only one or two reprefentatives 
each ; but, as the fenate is compofed of two delegates from 
every ftate, and no hill can pafs into a law without the 
concurrence of that houfe, the intereft of each ftate is 
equally maintained there. The executive powers of the 
prefident are likewife fiibjeft to the advice and controul of 
the fenate, by which participation of power each ftate has 
an equal opportunity of being informed of the fecret mea- 
fures which are purfiling by government, and an equal pow¬ 
er of enforcing or checking them. 
That both the legiftative and executive branches of go¬ 
vernment, over more than three millions of people, fhould 
be placed, when firft formed, in the hands of only ninety- 
three perfons, might be confidered as dangerous to the pure 
principles of a republican conftitution, by tending to caufe 
it to degenerate into an ariftocracy; hut the moft eftedtual 
precautions feem to have been taken to reprefs the fpirit of 
ambition, and the views of aggrandifement inherent in 
human nature, by every individual being chofen fora fliort 
term, from his being inhibited from enjoying any kind of 
poft, or receiving, without permiffion, any kind of prefent. 
The prefident, by virtue of his office, is commander in 
chief'of the army and navy, and of the militia of the fe- 
veral ftates, when called into the aftual fervice of the 
union. He has power to grant reprieves and pardons for 
offences againft the United States, except in cafes of im¬ 
peachment. With the advice and confent of the fenate, 
he has the power to make treaties, hut the concurrence of 
two-thirds of the fenators prefent is neceflary to render 
fuch an aft valid. He nominates, and, with the advice 
and confent of the fenate, appoints, ambafi'adors, confuls, 
judges of the fupreme court, and all other officers of the . 
United States, not otherwife appointed by the conftitution. 
He: 
