A M Y G 
fub fiance by which it was enveloped in the kernel itfelf. 
The kernels of other fruits, that have any bitternefs or 
particular flavour, appear to be impregnated with a fub- 
(lance of a fimilar nature to this poifonous principle of 
bitter'almonds. 
3. Amygdalus pumila, or double-flowered dwarf al¬ 
mond: leaves veined-wrinkled. Thefe flirubs make a 
very agreeable variety aniongft low-flowering trees, in 
fmall wildernefs quarters. The tingle fort flowers the 
beginning of April, and the double is commonly three 
weeks later. Its native country is Africa. 
4. Amygdalus nana, or common dwarf almond : leaves 
attenuated at the bale. The wood of this little tree is 
bard, of a yellowifh chefnut colour, and veined; but tIre 
trunk is feldom an inch in thicknefs. It varies very much 
in fize ; the vafl plains on the banks of the Volga being 
annually fet on fire, it never rifestoany height, but is low 
and (lirubby, creeps very much at the root, and impedes 
theplougln In Cherfon it fcarcely attains a (pan in height; 
whereas in the Ukraine it grows a fathom high, as it does 
in wardens, where the leaves arc f'omewhat broader; thefe 
areTometimes five inches'in length. It blooms in April, 
at which time all the young flioots are covered with flow¬ 
ers, which are of a peach-bioffbm colour, and make a fine 
appearance when intermixed with flirubs of the fame 
orowth. It is a native of the northern parts of Afia, 
particularly abundant in Calmuc Tartary, and very fre¬ 
quent on the banks of the Volga. 
5. Amygdalus incana, or hoary dwarf almond: leaves 
lanceolate ferrate wrinkled fubfellile, white-tomentofe be¬ 
neath. It may be doubted whether this be any thing more 
than a variety of amygdalus nana. 
6. Amygdalus orientalis, or filvery-leaved almond : 
leaves lanceolate quite entire filvery perennial, petiole fhort- 
er. The leaves of the eaftern or (liver-leaved almond are 
filvery, and very like thofe of the fea purflane, continuing 
mofl of the year. The flowers are very fmall, and have 
not been fucceeded by fruit yet in England. It was found 
growing near Aleppo, from whence the fruit was lent to 
the duke D’Ayen in France, who railed feveral of the 
plants in his curious garden at St.,Germain’s. Mr. Mil¬ 
ler procured Come of them, which endured the open air in 
the Chelfea garden, for fome years, againff a wall, without 
any covering. It is a native of the Levant. 
7. Amygdalus Cochinchininfis : leaves ovate quite en¬ 
tire, racemes fmall fubterminal. This is a/large tree, with 
fp.reading branches; and is a native of the vafl woods of 
Cochinchina. 
Propagation and Culture. All the different forts of peach¬ 
es have been originally obtained from the Hones; lo that, 
where perfons have garden enough to allow room for pro¬ 
pagating thefe fruits from feeds, there is no doubt but 
many good forts may be obtained, which will be better 
adapted to our climate than fuch as are brought from 
warmer countries; there will be many of them good for 
nothim r , but if we can obtain only two or three valuable 
forts, ft is fufficient to make amends for the trouble of 
railing them ; but great regard fliould be had to the forts ; 
and, if the fruits were permitted to remain upon the trees- 
until they dropped off, the kernels would be fitter for 
planting, and more likely to grow. The bed forts for 
fowin°'°are thofe whofe flefli is firm, and cleaves to the 
fione ; and from aniongft thefe you fliould chufe fuch as 
ripen pretty early, and have a rich vinous juice. The 
(lones fliould be planted in autumn, on a bed of light dry 
earth, about three inches deep, and four inches af'under; 
and in the winter the beds fliould be covered to prote£t 
them from the fro ft, which, if permitted to enter deep 
into the ground, will deftroy them. In the fpring, when 
the plants come up, they fhould be carefully cleared from 
the weeds, which fliould alfo be obferved throughout the 
Cummer: and, if the fpring fliould prove very dry, if you 
refrefli them now and then with a little water, it will greatly 
promote tlieir growth. In this bed they fliould remain 
until the following fpring, when they fhould be carefully 
D A L U S. 495 
taken up, fo as not to break their tender roots, and tranf- 
planted into a nurfery in rows three feet apart, and one 
foot .di(tant plant from plant in the rows, obferving to lay 
a little mulch upon the furface of the ground about their 
roots, to prevent its drying too fall; and, if the fpring 
fliould prove very dry, you fhould give them a little water 
once a week, until they have taken root; after which they 
fliould be conftantly kept clear from weeds, and the ground 
between the rows carefully dug up every fpring to loofen 
it, fo as that the tender fibres may llrike out on every fide. 
In this nurfery they may continue one or two years, aC 7 
cording to the progrefs they make; after which they fliould 
be tranfplanted where they are to remain, to produce fruit, 
Iii removing thefe trees, you fhould obferve to prune their 
downright roots, if they have any, pretty fhort, and to 
cut off all bruifed parts of the roots, as alfo all the fmall 
fibres, which generally dry, and, when left upon the roots 
after planting again, grow mouldy and decay, fo that they 
are injurious to the new fibres which are (hot out from the 
roots, and very often prevent the growth of the trees; 
but you fliould by no means prune their heads, for tire 
plants which are produced from ftones are generally of a 
more fpongy texture, therefore more liable to decay when 
cut, than thofe which are budded upon otherflocks. Be- 
fides, as thefe trees are defigned for (landards, (for it is not 
proper to plant them againfl walls, until you fee the pro¬ 
duce of the fruit, to (hew which of them def'erves to be 
cultivated,) they will never require any other pruning, but 
only to cut out decayed branches, or fuch as flioot out ve¬ 
ry irregular from the Tides; for more than this is generally 
very injurious to them. In planting the trees, it will be 
the better way to difpofe them firigly in the quarters of 
the kitchen garden, where they will thrive, and produce 
fruit much better than if they are planted near each other 
in rows; and, as they are thus fingly difpofed, they will 
no,t do much injury to the crops which grow under them. 
When they have produced fruit, you will foon be a judge 
of their goodnefs, and fuch of them as you diflike may be 
deftroyed; but thofe which are good may be propagated 
by inoculating them upon other Hocks, which is the com¬ 
mon method now pvaiSlifed to propagate thefe fruits. 
You fhould be provided with flocks of the mitfcle and 
white-pear plumbs, which are generally efleemed the two' 
belts forts of plumbs for flocks to inoculate peaches and 
netlarines upon; as alfo fome almond and apricot flocks, 
for fome tender forts of peaches which will not grow upon 
plumb-flocks. Thefe fhould be all produced from the (lone, 
and not from fuckers; and they fhould be tranfplanted 
when they have had one year’s growth in the feed-bed, for 
the younger they are tranfplanted the better they will 
fucceed, and hereby they will be prevented from fending 
tap-roots deep in the ground; for, by fliortening thofe 
roots which feem fo difpofed, it will caufe them to put out 
horizontal roots. Thefe flocks fhould be planted in rows 
three feet afunder, and one foot apart in the rows. This 
is wider than mod nurferymen plant them, but we are per- 
fuaded they will anfwer better. When the (locks have 
grown in the nurfery two years, they will be flrong enough 
to bud ; the feafon for which is commonly about Mid- 
fuvnmer, or any time in July, when the rind will eaflly 
feparate from the wood ; and you fhould make choice of 
fome good cuttings of the forts of fruit you intend to 
propagate, always obferving to take them frpm healthy 
trees, and fuch as generally produce a good quantity of 
well-tafled fruit; for it is very certain, that any fort of 
fruit may be fo far degenerated, where this care is wanting, 
as not to be like the fame kind. Befides, whenever a tree 
is unhealthy, the buds taken from that tree will always 
retain the diflemper, in a greater or lefs degree, according 
as it has imbibed a greater or lefs quantity of the diflem- 
pered juice. Thus, for inflance, where a peach or nedle- 
rine tree has been greatly blighted, fo as that the flioots 
have grown bulled, and the leaves curled up to a great 
degree, that diflemper is feldom recovered again by the 
greateft art, or at lcail not under feveral years management; 
fqr> 
