A M Y G 
'-nothing but four crude pa flu re, very unfit for vegetation. 
Ydur borders, being thus prepared, lliould lie about three 
' weeks or a month to fettle, by vhich time the feafon for 
planting will be come, which fhould be performed as focn 
.as the leaves begin to decay, that the trees may put out 
new roots before the froft comeson to prevent them. Your 
ground being ready, and the trees brought carefully to 
the place, the next work is to prepare them for planting, 
which is to be performed in the following manner: you 
muft lliorten all the roots, cut off fmoorh broken or bruifed 
roots, and take off all the fntall fibres; where any of the 
roots crofs each other, the word of them muff be cut out, 
that they may not injure the others. 
Having thus prepared your trees, you fhould rnea- 
fure out their diftance, which ought never to be lefs 
than twelve feet ; but, where the ground is very 
good, they fhould be planted fourteen feet afunder. 
After you have marked out the places where each tree 
is to (land, you muft with your fpade make a hole wide 
enough to receive the roots of the tree ; then you fhould 
place it down, obferving to turn tire bud outwards, that 
the wounded part of the flock may be hid from light; and 
let the (tern of the tree be placed about four or five inches 
from the wall,with irs head inclining thereto; then fill in 
the earth with your hands, obferving to break the clods, 
that the earth may fall in between the roots, fo as no void 
d paces mav be left about them. You fhould alfo gently 
fhake the tree with your hands, to fettle the earth down 
tire better between the roots; then with your foot gently 
prefs down the earth about the ftem, but do not tread it 
down too hard, which is many times a very great fault; 
for, when the ground is inclinable to bind, the treading 
it clofe often renders the ground fo hard, as that the ten¬ 
der fibres of the roots cannot ftrike into it, whereby the 
tree remains at a ftand for feme time; and, if the earth be 
not loofened -in time, it frequently dies ; fo that, whenever 
-vou obferve the earth of your borders to be bound, either 
i>y great rains, or from any other caufe, you fhould dig or 
fork it, to loofen it again, obferving always to do it in dry 
weather, if in fpring orwinter ; but in fummer it fhould 
be done in a rnoift feafon. Although we have here given 
■direftions for the choice of trees from the nurfery, after 
the ufual method of planting thefe trees, which is that of 
taking fuch as have made one year’s fhoot, yet vve Would 
prefer thofe which were budded the preceding fummer, 
and have made no fhoot; for, if the bud is found and 
plump, and the bark of the flock well clofed where the 
bud is inferted, there will be no danger of its growing ; 
and, when the bud has made a fhoot the following fpring 
the length of five or fix inches, if it is (lopped by pinching 
oft the top, it w ill put out lateral branches, which may be 
trained to the wall, and this will prevent any cutting off 
the head, as muft be done to thofe trees which have had 
one year’s growth in the nurfery; for thefe trees do not 
well bear thofe large amputations, efpecially fome of the 
more tender forts; fo by this method of planting thefe 
trees in bud, no time will be loft, when it is confidered 
that the trees which have fliot muft be cut down, and 
there is a hazard of their (hooting again; therefore, we 
.are convinced from experience, that it is the beft method. 
After you have thus planted your trees, which have 
made their (hoots in the nurfery, you fhould fallen their 
heads to the wall, to prevent their being fhaken by the 
wind, which would difturb their roots, and break off the 
tender fibres foon after they were produced, to the no 
fntall prejudice of the trees; you fhould alfo lay fome 
mulch upon the furface of the ground about their roots, 
before the frofVfets in, to prevent it from penetrating the 
ground, which would injure, jf not deftroy, the (mall 
fibres ; but this ntulch fhould not be laid upon the ground 
too early, left it prevent the autumnal rains from pene¬ 
trating to the roots. 
Thefe things being duly obferved, they will require no 
farther care till the beginning or middle of March, ac- 
eo:ding as the feafon.is earlier or later; when you. muff 
Yol. I. No. 32. 
D A L tJ S. 497 
cut off the heads of the new planted trees, leaving only 
four or five eyes above the bud ; in doing of which, you 
muft be very careful not. to difturb their roots ; to pre¬ 
vent which, you fhould place your foot down clofe to the 
ftem of the tree, and take- faft hold of that part of' the 
flock below the bud with one hand, to hold it ffeady, while 
with the other hand you gently flope off the head of the 
tree with a (harp knife at the intended place, which fhould 
always be juft above a bud ; this fhould always be done 
in dry weathei - , for, if there fhould be much rain fcon af¬ 
ter it is done, there will be fome danger that the wet will 
enter the wounded part, and damage the tree ; nor fhould 
it be done in frofty weather for the fame reafon, for that 
would enter the wounded part and prevent its healing 
over. After you have headed the trees, you lliould gently 
loofen the earth of the borders, to admit the fibres of the 
roots ; but you muft be very careful in doing this, not to 
cut or. bruife their new roots, which would alfo damage 
them ; and, if the mulch which was laid about their roots 
in autumn be rotten, you may dig it into the border at 
fome diftance from the roots of the trees ; and, when the 
dry weather comes on, you fhould pare off fome turf from 
a paflure ground, which fhould be laid upon the fufface 
of the border about the roots of the trees, turning the 
grafs downward, which will preferve a gentle moifture in 
the earth, better than any fort of mulch; and this will 
not harbour infects, as 1110ft forts of dung and litter do, to 
the no fmall detriment of the trees. Thofe trees which 
are planted in bud, and have not made any (hoots, fhould 
have their flocks cut down at this feafon juft above the 
bud, for the buds will rarely fhoot unlefs this is perform¬ 
ed; and, the nearer they are cut to the bud, the fooner 
will the head of the flock be covered by the buds ; for, 
although it may be neceflary to leave a part of the flock 
above the bud, in thofe trees which are in the nurfery, to 
which the (hoots made by the buds may be faftened, to 
prevent their being broken by the wind ; yet, as thefe are 
placed againfl the wall, to which the (hoots may be failen- 
ed, there will be no want of any part of the flock. In 
watering thefe new-planted trees, which fhould not be 
done unlefs the fpring proves very dry, you fhould ob¬ 
ferve to do it with a node! upon the watering-pot, fo as 
to let it out in drops; for, when it is haflily poured down, 
it caufes the ground to bind ; and, if you water over the 
head of the tree, it will be of great fervice to it. Your 
waterings fhould not be repeated too often, nor fhould 
they be given in great quantity, both being very injurious 
to new-planted trees. 
In the middle or latter end of May, when thefe trees 
will have feveral fhoots fix or eight inches- in length, you 
fhould nail them to the wall, obferving to train them ho¬ 
rizontally, rubbing off all fore-right fhoots, or fuch as 
are weak, whereby thofe which are preferved will be 
much flronger ; but if there are not more than two (hoots 
produced, and thofe very flrong, you fhould at the fame 
time nip off their tops, which will caufe each of them to 
pufh out two or more fhoots, whereby the wall will be 
better fupplied with branches ; you muft alfo continue to 
refrefh them with water in dry weather, during the whole 
feafon, otherwife they -will be apt to differ; for their 
roots having but little hold of the ground the firft year 
after tranfplantihg; if the feafon fhould prove very dry, 
it-will greatly retard their growth, if due care be not 
taken to water them. In the beginning of October, when 
you obferve the trees have done (hooting, you fhould 
prune them; in doing of which, you muft fhorten the 
branches in proportion to the ftrength of the tree; which, 
if flrong', maybe left eight inches long; bur, if weak, 
fhould be’Shortened to four.-or five; then you fhould train 
them horizontally to the wall, as was before direded, fo 
that the middle of the trees may be void of branches, for 
that part of the tree will be eafil-y furnifhed with 'wood 
afterwards; whereas, if the fhoots are trained perpendi¬ 
cularly to the wall, thofe which are the ftrongeft will draw 
the greatefl (hare of the fan from the roots, and mount up- 
<j I- wards; 
