ANA! 
cfeflevwTiich forms part of the Eudachian tube. The 
lecond pair of external proceil'es of the cuneiform bone, is 
the two which Hand out a Into ft perpendicular to the bafe 
of the (kull. Each of them has two plates, and a middle 
folia facing backwards ; and are commonly faid to refera¬ 
ble the wings of a bat, and therefore are named pterygoid 
or aliform proceiTes. From each fide of the external plates 
the pterygoid mufcles take their rife. At the root of each 
internal plate, a fmall hollow may be remarked, where the 
mufculus ptery-daphilinus interims or circumflexus palati 
rifes, and fome Ihare of the cartilaginous end of the Eufta- 
chian tube reds ; and, at the lower end of the fame plate, 
is a hook-like riling or procefs, round which the tendon 
of the lad-named mufcle plays, as on a pulley. To thefe 
may be added the little triangular thin procefs, which 
comes from each dde of the body of the fphenoid bone, 
where the pterygoid precedes are riling from it, and are 
extended over the lower part of the aperture of the fmus as 
far as the ethmoid bone, while their body hangs down into 
the nares. Beddes thefe pair of precedes, there is a fharp 
ridge which dands out from the middle of its bafe: and, 
becaufe it wants a fellow, it may be called procejjus azygos. 
The lower part of this procefs, where it is received into 
the vomer, is thick, and often not quite perpendicular, but 
inclining more to one dde than the other. The fore-part 
of this procefs, where it joins the nafal plate of the os eth- 
moides, is thin and draight. Thefe two parts have been 
deferibed as two didinft precedes by fome writers. 
The deprefiions, dnuodties, and fodre, on the external 
furface of this fphenoid bone, may be reckoned up to a 
great number, viz. Two on the temporal apophyfes, where 
the crotaphite mufcles lodge; two on the orbitar precedes, 
to make.way for the globes of the eyes ; two between the 
temporal and fpinous precedes, for receiving the temporal 
bones ; two between the plates of the pterygoid precedes,, 
where the mufeuli pterygoidei interni and ptery-daphylini 
interni are placed ; two between the pterygoid and orbitar 
precedes, for forming the holes common to this and to the 
cheek and maxillary bones; two on the lower ends of the 
aliform precedes, which the palate bones enter into ; two 
at the roots of the temporal and pterygoid precedes, where 
the larged fliare of the external pterygoid mufcles have 
their rife; two at the Tides of the procedus azygos, for 
forming part of the nofe, &c. 
What are deferibed under the name of temporalonA fpinous 
procej/'es on the outfide of the Ikull, are likewife feen on 
its iniide, where they are concave, for receiving part of the 
brain; and commonly three apophyfes on the internal fur- 
face of the fphenoid bone are only mentioned. Two, riling 
broad from the fore-part of its body, become fmaller as 
they are extended obliquely backwards. The third, hand¬ 
ing on a longtranfverfe bafe, rifes nearly ereft, and of an 
equal breadth, terminating often in a little knob on each 
fide. The three are called clinoid, from fome refemblance 
which they were thought to have to the fupporters of abed. 
From the roots of the anterior clinoid precedes the bone is 
extended on each dde outwards and forwards, till it ends in 
a diarp point, which may have the name of the tranfverfe 
fpinous precedes. 
Within the Ikull, there are two fnuofities in the internal 
part of each wing of the fphenoid bone, for receiving the 
middle part of the brain. One between the tranfverfe fpi¬ 
nous proceiTes, for lodging the part of the brain where the 
crura medullas oblongaue are. Immediately before the 
third or middle clinoid procefs, a dngle pit may generally 
be remarked, from which a fofla goes out on each dde to 
the holes through which the optic nerves pafs. The pit is 
formed by the conjoined optic nerves; and in the fofla 
thefe nerves are lodged, as they run divided within the 
Ikull. Between that third protuberance and the poderior 
clinoid procefs, the larger pit of the glandula pitui.taria 
maybe remarked. This cavity, becaufe of its refemblance 
to a Turkidi faddle, is always deferibed under the name- 
of fella turcica, or ephippium. The holes on each dde of the 
os fphenoides are fix proper, and three common, The 
' O M Y. „ 9 
fird is the round one immediately below the anterior cli¬ 
noid precedes, for the palfage cf the optic nerve, and of 
the branch of the internal carotid artery that is lent to the 
eye. The lecond is the foramen lacerum, or large IIit 
between the tranfverfe fpinous and orbitar precedes. The 
outer end of it is formed in the os frontis; and therefore 
this might be reckoned among the common foramina. 
Through it the third, fourth, the fil’d branch of the fifth, 
and the greater diarc of the frxth, pair of nerves, and an 
artery from the internal carotid, go into the orbit. Some¬ 
times a fmall branch of the external carotid enters near its 
end, to be didributed to the dura mater ; and a vein, fome 
call it the venous duEl, or Nuc/i’s aqueduEl, returns through 
it to the cavernous dims. The third hole, dtuated a little 
below, is called rolundum, from its diape. It allows pal¬ 
fage to the fecond branch of the fifth pair of nerves, or 
fuperior maxillary nerve, into the bottom of the orbit. 
The fourth is the foramem ovale, about half an inch behind 
the round hole. Through it the third branch of the fifth 
pair, or inferior maxillary nerve, goes out. Very near 
the point of the fpinous procefs is the fifth hole of this 
bone ; it is fmall and round, for a padage to the larged 
artery of the dura mater, which is often accompanied with 
a vein. The dxth proper hole cannot be well feen, till 
the cuneiform bone is feparated from all the other bones of 
the cranium ; for one end of it is hid by a fmall protuber¬ 
ance of the internal plate of the pterygoid procefs ; and 
by the point of the procedus petrofus of the temporal 
bone. Its canal is extended above the inner plate of the 
pterygoid procefs; and where it opens into the cavity of 
the nole, it is concealed by the thin laminous part of the 
palate-bone. 
The fird of- the common holes is that unequal filTure at the 
dde of the fella turcica, between the extreme point of the 
os petrofum and the fpinous procefs of the cuneiform 
bone. This hole only appears after the bones are boiled ; 
for in a recent fubjedt its back-part is covered by a thin 
bony plate that lies over the internal carotid artery, and 
farther forward it is filled with a cartilaginous ligament, 
under which the cartilaginous part of the Eudachian tube 
is placed. The fecond common hole is the large difeon- 
tinuation of the external dde of the orbit, left between 
the orbiter proceiTes of the cuneiform bone, the os maxil- 
lare, malas, and palati. In this large hole the fat for lu¬ 
bricating the globe of the eye and temporal mufcles is 
lodged, and branches of the fuperior maxillary' nerve, with 
fmall arteries from the carotid, and veins, pafs. The 
third hole is formed between the bafe of this bone and the 
root of the orbitar procefs of the palate-bone of each dde. 
Through this a branch of the external carotid artery, and 
of the lecond branch of the fifth pair of nerves, are allowed 
a padage to the nodrils, and a returning vein accompanies 
them. Sometimes, however, this hole is proper to the pa¬ 
late-bone, being entirely formed out of its fubdance. 
The os fphenoides is joined by its wings to the parietal 
bones above, to the os frontis and oifa malarum before, to 
the temporal bones behind; by the fore-part of its body 
and fpinous precedes, to the frontal and ethmoid bones ; 
by its back-part, behind the two linufes, to the occipital, 
where it looks like a bone with the epiphyfes taken oft", 
and, as was formerly obferved in the defcription of the 
occipital bone, it cannot be feparated without violence in 
adults ; to the palate-bones, by the ends of the pterygoid 
procefs, and dill more by the fore-part of the internal 
plates of the pterygoid proceiTes, and of the finufes; to 
the maxillary bones, by the fore-part of the external ptery¬ 
goid plates; to the vomer and nafal plate of the os eth- 
moides, by the procedus azygos. 
The face is the irregular pile of bones compodng the 
fore and under part of the head, which is divided by au¬ 
thors into the upper and lower maxillae, or jaws. The fu¬ 
perior maxillae is the common dedgnation given to the upper- 
immovable (hare of the face. It conlids of fix bones on 
each fide ; of a thirteenth bone which hath no fellow, 
placed in the middle; and of fixteen teeth. The thirteen 
bones 
