A N A T O M Y. 
a tendinous layer, which is loft 'in the membranous fafcia 
of the thigh. It fupports and cornprelfes the peritonaeum 
and abdomen; aflifts the evacuations of fasces and urine, 
and likewife in the exclulion of the foetus ; 'thru(Is the dia¬ 
phragm upwards, and draws down the ribs in expiration; 
bends the body obliquely when the ribs are fixed, and rai- 
fes the pelvis obliquely. 2. Obliquus afcendens interims, ari- 
fes from the fpine of 3 he ilium, the whole length between 
the poflerior arid fitperior anterior fpinous procefs; from 
the ds facrum and the three 11ndermoft lumbar vertebrae, 
by a tendon common to it and to the ferratus portions in¬ 
ferior mufcle; from Poupart’s ligament, at the middle of 
which it fends off the beginning of the cremafter mufcle ; 
and the fpermatic cord in the male, or round ligament of 
the womb in the female, partes under its thin edge, except 
a few detached fibres. It is inferted into the cartilago en- 
fiformis, into the cartilages of the feventh, and thole of 
all the falfe ribs ; but, at the upper part, it is extremely 
thin, refembling a cellular membrane, and only becomes 
fielhy at the cartilage of the tenth rib. At its undermoft 
part it is inferted into the fore-part of the os pubis. Its 
principal life is to artift the former; but it bends the trunk 
in the reverfe direction. 3. Travfverfalis, arifes from the 
inner or back part of the cartilages of the feven lower 
ribs, where fome of its fibres are continued with thofe of 
the diaphragm and the intercoftal mufcles; by a broad thin 
tendon, connected to the tranfverfe procelles of the lart 
vertebra of the back and the four fupet ior vertebra of the 
loins: flertiy, from the whole fpine of the os ilium inter¬ 
nally, and from the tendon of the external oblique mufcle, 
where it intermixes with fome fibres of the internal oblique. 
It is inferted into the cartilago enliformis, and into the 
whole length of the linea alba, excepting its lowermoft 
part. Its life is to fupport and comp-refs the abdominal 
bowels; and it is fo particularly well adapted for the lat¬ 
ter purpofe, that it might be called the proper conjlridor 
of the abdomen. 
The long mufcle in the middle is named redus abdominis. 
It arifes from the ligament of the cartilage which joins the 
two orta pubis to each other; runs upwards the whole 
length of, and parallel to, the linea alba, growing broader 
and thinner as it afcer.ds. It is inferted into the cartilages 
of the three inferior true ribs, and often intermixed with 
fome fibres of the peftoral mufcle. It ferves to comprefs 
the fore-part, but more particularly the lower part, of the 
belly; to bend the trunk forwards, or to raife the pelvis. 
By its tendinous interfeftions, it is enabled to contract at 
any of the intermediate fpaces ; and, by its connexion with 
the tendons of the other mufcles, it is prevented from 
changing place, and from rifing into a prominent form 
when in aftion. 
The fhort mufcle in the middle is named pyramidalis. It 
arifes along with the reflus ; and, running upwards within 
the fame (heath, is inferted, by an acute termination, near 
half-way between the os pubis and umbilicus, into the linea 
alba and inner edge of the reftus mufcle. As it is fre¬ 
quently wanting in both (ides, without any inconveniency, 
its ufe feems to be afiift the inferior part of the refills. 
Muscles of the Male Organs of Generation.— 
The tejticles are laid to have a thin mufcle common to both, 
and one proper to each. The fuppofed common mufcle is 
called the dartos. This appears to be no more than acon- 
denfation of the cellular membrane lining the ferotum; 
yet the (kin here is capable of being corrugated and relax¬ 
ed in a greater degree than in other places. 
The mufcle proper to each tefticle is the crenajler. It 
arifes from the internal oblique, where a few fibres of that 
mufcle intermix with the tranfverfalis, near the junflion of 
the os ilium and pubis, over which part it palfes, after 
having pierced the ring of the externus obiiquus; and 
then it defeends upon tiie fpermatic cord. It is inferted 
into the tunica vaginalis of the tefticle, upon which it 
fpreads, and is infeniibly loft. Its ufe is to fu-fpend and 
draw up the tefticle, and to comprefs it in the aft of coition. 
The penis has three pair of mufcles, 1. Ercdor penis, 
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arifes from the tuberofity of the os iTchiurfl, and runs up¬ 
wards, embracing the whole crus of the penis. It is in¬ 
ferted into the ftrong tendinous membrane that covers rhe 
corpora cavernofa penis; and its ufe is to-comprefs the 
crura penis, by which the blood is pufhed from it into the 
fore-part of the corpora cavernofa; and the penis is by 
that means more completely diftended. 2. Accelerator uri- 
11a:, feu ejaculator Jeminis, arifes from the fphinfter ani and 
membranous part of the urethra ; and from the crus, near¬ 
ly as far forwards as the beginning of the corpus cavernp- 
fum penis ; the inferior fibres run more tranfverfely, and 
the fuperior defeend in an oblique direction. It is infert¬ 
ed into a line in the middle of the bulb, where it joins 
with its fellow, by which the bulb is completely enclofed. 
Its ufe is to drive the urine or femen forwards; and, by 
grafping the bulb of the urethra, to pufh the blood to¬ 
wards its corpus cavernofum and the glans, by which they 
are diftended. 3. Tranfverfus perinei, arifes from the rough 
fatty membrane that covers the tuberofity of the os ifehi- 
liirt; from thence it runs traitfverfely inwards, and is in¬ 
ferted into the accelerator urinae, and into that part of the 
fphindler ani which covers the bulb. It ferves to dilate 
the bulb, and draw the perineum and verge of the anus a 
little outwards and backwards. 
There is often a fourth mufcle, named tranfverfus peri¬ 
nei alter. It arifes behind the former, runs more obliquely 
forwards, and is inferted into that part of the accelerator 
urinae which covers the anterior part of the bulb of the 
urethra ; and ferves to afiift the former. 
Muscles of the Anus.— The anus has a Tingle mufcle, 
and one pair. The (ingle mufcle is fphinder ani. This 
arifes from the (kin and fat that furround the verge of the 
anus on both (ides; the fibres are gradually collected into 
an oval form, and furround the extremity of the rectum. 
It is inferted, before, by a narrow point, into the perineum, 
acceleratores urinae, and tranfverfi perinei; behind, by an 
acute termination, into the extremity of the os coccygis. 
It (huts the paflage through the anus into the rectum, and 
pulls down the bulb of the urethra, by which it artifts in 
ejecting the urine and femen. Levator ani, arifes from the 
os pubis within the pelvis ; from the thin tendinous mem¬ 
brane that covers the obturator internus and coccygeus 
mufcles; from the fpinous procefs of the osifehium; and 
its fibres run down like rays from a circumference to a 
centre. It is inferted into the fphinfter ani, acceleratores 
urinae, and anterior part of the two laft bones of the coc¬ 
cygis ; furrounds the extremity of thereftum, neck of the 
bladder, proftate gland, and part of the veficulae feminales. 
It ferves to draw the reflum upwards after the evacuation 
of the feces, and to afiift in (hutting it; to fuftain the 
contents of the pelvis, and to help in ejecting the femen, 
urine, and contents of the reft 11 m ; and, perhaps, by pref- 
fing upon the veins, to contribute greatly to the erefticn 
of the penis. 
Muscimsof the Female Organs of Generation. 
•—The clitoris has one pair. Ercdor clitoridis, arifes from 
the crus of the os ifehium internally, and in its afeent co¬ 
vers the crus of the clitoris as far up as the os pubis. It 
is inferted into the upper part of the crus and body of the 
clitoris ; and draws the clitoris downwards and backwards, 
and may ferve to make the body of the clitoris moretenfe, 
by fqueezing the blood into it from its crus. 
The vagina has one pair. Splunder vagina:, arifes from 
the fphinfter ani, and from the poflerior lide ot tlie vagi¬ 
na, near the perineum : from thence it runs up the (ide of 
the vagina, near its external orifice, oppolite to the nym- 
phae, and covers the corpus cavernofum vaginas. It is in¬ 
ferted into the crus and body, or union of the crura cli¬ 
toridis ; and contrafts the mouth of the vagina, and com- 
preffes its corpus cavernofum. 
The perineum has one pair. Tranfverfus perinei, arifes, 
as in tlie male, from the fatty cellular membrane which 
covers the tuberofity of tlie os ifehium; and is inferted in¬ 
to the upper part of the fphinfter ani, and into a white 
hardilh tough ful. fiance in the perineum, between the low¬ 
er 
