A N A T 
tween the abduftors of the great and little toes; and is 
inferted into the fecond phalanx of the four fmaller toes. 
Its ufe is to bend the fecond joint of the toes. 2. Flexor 
longus digitorum pedis, profundus, perforans, arifes from the 
back part of the tibia, near the entry of the medullary 
artery; which beginning is continued dQwn the inner edge 
of this bone by fhort flefliy fibres, ending in its tendon; 
alfo by tendinous and fieftiy fibres, from the outer edge of 
the tibia; and between this double order of fibres the ti¬ 
bialis poflicus mufcle lies indcfed. It is inferted into the 
extremity of the laft joint of the four fmaller toes ; and its 
life is to bend the laft joint of the toes. This mufcle is 
affifted by the flexor digitorum accej'orius, feu majfa carnea 
Jacobii Sylvii. It aril'es from the linuofity at the intide of the 
cs calcis, which is continued forwards for fome fpace on 
the fame bone; alfo, by a thin tendinous beginning, from 
before the tuberolity of the os calcis externally ; and, foon 
becoming flefliy, is inferted into the tendon of the flexor 
longus, juft at its divilion into four tendons. Its ufe is to 
aiTtft the flexor longus. 3. Lumbricaks pedis, arile, by four 
tendinous and fieftiy beginnings, from the tendon of the 
flexor profundus, juft before its division, near the infer- 
tion of the mafia carnea ; are inferted, by four (lender ten¬ 
dons, into the inftde of the firft joint of the four fmaller 
toes, and are loft in the tendinous expanfion that is fent 
from the extenfors to cover the upper part of the toes. 
They increafe the fiexionof the toes, and draw them inwards. 
Muscles of the Foot.— Thefe may be divided into 
the mufcles of the great toe, of the little toe, and of the me- 
tatarfal bones. The mufcles of the great toe are five : 1. 
Extenfor proprius pollicis pedis, arifes Tome way below the 
head and anterior part of the fibula, along which it runs 
to near its lower extremity, connefted to it by a number 
of fieftiy fibres, which delcend obliquely towards a ten¬ 
don. It is inferted into the pofterior part of the firft and 
laft joint of the great toe, which it ferves to extend. 2. 
Flexor longus pollicis pedis, arifes from the pofterior part of 
the fibula, fome way below its head, being continued down 
the fame bone, almoft to its inferior extremity, by a double 
order of oblique fieftiy fibres; and is inferted into the laft 
joint of the great toe, and generally fends a fmall tendon 
to the os calcis. Its ufe is to bend the laft joint of this 
toe. 3. Flexor brevis pollicis pedis, arifes from the under 
and fere part of the os calcis, where it joins with the os 
cuboides, from the os cuneiforme externum, and is infe- 
parably united with the abdudfor and addudlor pollicis. 
It is inferted into the external os fefamoideum and root of 
the firft joint of the great toe ; and ferves to bend the firft 
joint. 4. AbduElor pollicis pedis, arifes from the intide of 
the root of the protuberance of the os calcis, where it 
forms the heel; and, from the fame bone, where it joins 
with the os naviculare. It is inferted into the internal os 
fefamoideum, and root of the firft joint of the great toe; 
and ferves to feparate the great toe from the reft. 5. Ad- 
duElor pollicis pedis, arifes from the os calcis, from the os 
cuboides, from the os cuneiforme externum, and from the 
root of the metatarfal bone of the fecond toe. It is in¬ 
ferted into the external os fefamoideum, and root of the 
metatarfal bone of the great toe; and its ufe is to bring 
this toe nearer the reft. 
The mufcles of the little toe, befides the common ex¬ 
tenfors and flexors, are two, viz. 1. AbduElor minimi digiti 
pedis, arifes from the femicircular edge of a cavity on the 
inferior part of the protuberance of the os calcis, and 
from the root of the metatarfal bone of the little toe. It 
is inferted into the root of the firft joint of the little toe 
externally; and ferves to draw the little toe outwards from 
the reft. 2. Flexor brevis minimi digiti pedis, arifes from the 
cs cuboides, near the fulcus or furrow for lodging the ten¬ 
don of the peroneus longus; and from the outfide of the 
metatarfal bone that fullains this toe, below its protube¬ 
rant part. It is inferted -into the anterior extremity of 
the metatarfal bone, and root of the firft joint of this toe ; 
and ferves to bend the toe. 
Mufcles from the metatarfal bones, confift of four ex- 
o M Y. 579 
ternal, and three internal, interoflei; and one mufcle, 
which is common to all the metatarfal bones. Interdict 
pedis externi, bicipites: 1. AbduElor indicis pedis, arifes from 
the root of the inftde of the metatarfal bone of the fore 
toe, from the outfide of the root of the metatarfal bone 
of the great toe, and from the os cuneiforme internum. 
It is inferted into the infide of the root of the firft joint 
ol the fore toe; and ferves to pull the fore toe inwards 
from the reft of the fmall toes. 2. AdduElor indicis pedis, 
arifes from the roots of the metatarfal bones of the fore 
and iecond toe, and is inferted into the outfide of the root 
of the firft joint of the fore toe. Its ufe is to pull the 
fore toe outwards towards the reft. 3. AdduElor medii digi¬ 
ti pedis, arifes from the roots of the metatarfal bones of 
the fecond and third toes, and is inferted into the outfide 
of the root of the firft joint of the fecond toe. Its ufe is 
to pull the fecond toe outwards. 4 . AdduElor tertii digiti 
pedis, arifes from the roots of the metatarfal bones of the 
third and little toe, and is inferted into the outfide of the 
root of the firft joint of the third toe. Its ufe is to pull 
the third toe outwards. 
Interoflei pedis interni: 1. AbduElor medii digiti pedis, 
arifes from the infide of the root of the metatarfal borle 
of the middle toe internally, and is inferted into the infide 
of the root of the firft joint of the middle toe, and ferves 
to pull the middle toe inwards. 2 .AbduElor tertii digiti 
pedis, arifes from the infide and inferior part of the root of 
the metatarfal bone of the third toe, and is inferted into 
the infide of the root of the firft joint of the third toe in¬ 
wards ; and ferves to pull the third toe inwards. 3. Ab¬ 
duElor minimi digiti pedis, arifes from tire infide of the root 
of the metatarial bone of the little toe, and is inferted in¬ 
to the infide of the root of the firft joint of the little toe; 
and ferves to pull the little toe inwards. 
The mufcle which, brings the extremities of the meta- 
tar'al bones towards each other, Is named traofverfalis pe¬ 
dis. It arifes from the under part of the anterior extre¬ 
mity of the metatarfal bone of the great toe, and from 
the internal os fefamoideum of the firft joint, adhering to 
the adductor pollicis. It is inferted into the under and 
outer part of the anterior extremity of the metatarfal 
bone of the little toe, and ligament of the next toe ; and 
its ufe is to contradt the foot, by bringing the great toe 
and the two outermoft toes nearer to each other. The 
mufcles fituated on the foie of the foot are covered by a 
ftrong tendinous aponeurofis, which is extended from the 
os calcis to the firft joints of all the toes, and ferves to 
preferve the fubjacent parts from being comprelfed in 
Handing and walking. 
EXPLANATION of the ANATOMICAL 
PLATES II. III. and IT. 
Plate II. reprefents a Front and Back View' of the First 
Layer of the Muscles, fituated immediately under 
the common Integuments and tendinous Faiciae. 
FRONT VIEW. 
Muscles on the Head and Neck. — a. The anterior 
flefliy belly of the occipito-frontalis fituated on the os> 
frontis : above a, the tendinous aponeurofis of the occipi- 
to-frontalis covering the upper part of the parietal bones. 
b, Attollens aurem : under it, the tendinous aponeurofis 
covering the temporal mufcle: anterior auris, between c 
and the ear. c, Orbicularis palpebrarum ; its tendon is 
leen at the inner canthus, fixed to the nafal procefs of the 
fuperior maxillary bone: Levator labii fuperioris alaeque 
nali, feen divided into two portions running down along the 
fide of the nofe, and, on the outfide of it, the levator anguli 
oris: next this, the zygomaticus minor: farther outwards, 
zygomatieus major: on the ala and tip of the nofe, the 
comprefior naris. d, Depreflor anguli oris : and, beneath 
it, a portion of the depreflor labii inferioris. e, Orbicu¬ 
laris oris, fl Platyfma-myoides : behind f the fterno- 
cleido-maftoidaeus is feen through the platyfma-myoides. 
Trunk., a , Pcttoralis major: the upper part of it is 
covered 
