ANATOM Y. 
the offa pubis. The two other common cartilages join the 
cft'a ilium to the os facrum, but are thinner than that of 
fire- Oft'a pubis. The proper cartilages are thofe that line 
the acetabula. The circumference of the acetabulum has 
a border of a particular kind; the fubftance of which is 
neither wholly cartilaginous, nor wholly ligamentous ; but 
it may be rather placed among the ligaments. No part of 
the os femoris is covered with cartilage, excepting the 
uniform convexity of its head ; and here the cartilage 
runs as far as the union between the head and neck of the 
bone. The trochanters have no true cartilage; what looks 
like it being only the remains of tendinous infertions. 
Ligaments of the Pelvis. — Ligamenta ileofacra, are 
Prong ligaments ariling from the poflerior part of the fpine 
of the os ilium, and, defcending obliquely, are fixed to the 
firfi, third, and fourth, Spurious tranfverfe procefles of 
the os facrum. Ligamenta pelvis tranfverfalia fuperius et 
inferius, are two ligaments arifing from the poflerior Spi¬ 
nous procefs of the os ilium; the Superior is fixed to the 
tranfverfe procefs of the laft vertebra of the loins; the in¬ 
ferior is fixed to the firft tranfverfe procefs of the os fa¬ 
crum. Ligamenta facro-ifchiatica, one broad and external, 
the other fmall and internal. The external ariles from 
the anterior and external edge of the falfe tranfverfe pro- 
celfes of the os facrum. From thence it defeends ob¬ 
liquely towards the tuberofity of the os ifehium, and is 
inferted immediately below the finus, which lies between 
the tuberofity and fpine of that bone. The internal facro- 
fciatic. ligament adheres clofely to the infide of the pofle¬ 
rior portion of the former. It arifes internally from the 
edge of the inferior part of the fourth falfe tranfverfe pro¬ 
cefs, and from the whole fide of the os facrum, and from 
the bafis of the upper part of the os coccygis. By thefe 
two ligaments two openings are formed ; a large one, with 
the fitperior fciatic Sinus, through which the pyriform 
mufcle, the poflerior crural veflels, and the fciatic nerve, 
pafs out of the pelvis; and a fmall one, for the paffage of 
the internal obturator mufcle. Ligamentum obturansfora- 
minis ovalis. The obturator ligament fills up all the fora¬ 
men thyroideum, except the oblique notch at its upper 
part for the paffage of the obturator veffels and nerves. 
This ligament not only affifls in Supporting the parts contain¬ 
ed in the pelvis, but alfo gives origin to the two obturator 
mufcles. Ligamentum inguinale, feu Poupartii, feu Fallopii, 
the inguinal ligament, is chiefly the under end of the ten¬ 
don of the external oblique mufcle of the abdomen. It 
is fixed by one end to the anterior fuperior Spinous procefs 
of the os ilium, and is ftretched over to be fixed by its 
other end to the fpine of the os pubis. Under this liga¬ 
ment the femoral velfels and anterior crural nerve go out 
of the pelvis. Ligamentum capfulare coccygis, arifes from 
the upper end of the os coccygis, and is inferted round 
the under end of the os facrum. Ligamenta longitudinalia 
coccygis, fmall ligaments arifing from the inner Surface of 
the os coccygis, and terminating in the os facrum. They 
fix the two bones firmly together. 
Ligaments between the Pelvis and Head of the Os 
Femoris. —The capfular ligament is the mod considera¬ 
ble, largeft, and ftrongefl, of all the articular ligaments of 
the human body. It arifes quite round the outer edge of 
a thick Ilrong cartilago-ligamentous border, on the brim 
of the acetabulum, and from thence largely Surrounds the 
w-hole head and fuperior portion of the neck of the os fe¬ 
moris, and is clofely inferted to the lower portion of the 
neck that is between its bafis and the middle narrow part. 
Ligamentum teres feu rotundum. This ligament is not round, 
as the name exprefles ; it refembles a flat cord, being com- 
pofed of a bundle of fibres clofely interwoven; one end 
of it is in a manner divided into two flat bands, which are 
fixed to the inner corners of the notch of the acetabulum. 
From the infertion it runs obliquely backwards and a little 
upwards, between the fynovial gland within the acetabu¬ 
lum and the cartilaginous convexity at the head of the os 
femoris, and ends in the upper part of the fmall Semilu¬ 
nar notch. 
Vol. I. No. 37, 
5-8 i 
Ligaments within the Joint. — Ligamenta cntciata-. 
One of thefe, called poferius, is fixed to the internal Super¬ 
ficial impreflion in the notch between the condyles of the 
femur; and, running almoft ftraight down, is fixed by its 
other end to the notch in the head of the tibia. The 
other, called antcrius, is fixed by one end to the external 
impreflion in the notch of the os femoris; and is fixed by 
the other end to the head of the tibia. Thefe two liga¬ 
ments crofs each other when we turn the point of the foot 
inwards, and they Separate from each other w hen the foot 
is turned outwards. They prevent the leg from being 
bent forwards on the thigh, and from rolling too much 
inwards. Ligamentum alare majus et minus: are two broad 
ligaments arifing from the inner Sides of the capfular li¬ 
gament, and are fixed to the Sides of the patella, and to 
the fatty fubftance placed there. 
Ligaments at the Joint of the Knee. —The internal 
is fixed to the femur under the tuberofity, the fibres Spread 
out in defeending, and terminate at the upper and inner 
part of the tibia. The external is narrower and Shorter. 
It is fixed above to the external tuberofity of the femur, 
and defeends to embrace the anterior part of the head of 
the fibula, where it enlarges a little, though its fibres are 
not radiated like thofe of the external ligament. Liga¬ 
mentum poficum, has an irregular form. It defeends from 
the posterior, inferior, and external, part, of the outer con¬ 
dyle of the femur; and, having crofted the posterior part 
of the articulation, it terminates in the posterior, fuperior, 
and internal part, of the tibia. The capfular ligament is 
fixed quite round the inferior extremity of the os femoris, 
at a Small distance above the anterior, lateral, and posterior, 
parts of the cartilage; internally, it adheres to the Semi¬ 
lunar cartilages, and fends off a very fine vagina over the 
ligaments within the joint. Ligamenta carti/aginea, are two 
fmall ligaments w hich join the Semilunar cartilages to each 
other, and likewise to the os femoris and tibia. Ligamcn-- 
turn patella, is a very Strong ligament which arifes from the 
point of the patella, and is fixed to the upper and fore 
part of the tibia. 
Ligaments of.the Fibula. — I.igamentum capfulare ex - 
tremitatis fuperioris, is a very ftrong ligament, which runs 
from the head of the fibula to be fixed to the external con¬ 
dyle ot the tibia. Ligamentum intercjfeum, fills up the Space 
between the tibia and the fibula. One fide of it is fixed 
to the poflerior external angle of the tibia, the other to 
the internal angle of the fibula. Ligamentum extremitatis 
inferioris, confifts of four Short ftrong ligaments, two of 
which are anterior and two posterior ; they arife from the 
malleolus externus of the fibula, and are inferted into the 
under and outer part of the tibia. 
Ligaments of the Inferior Extremity of the 
Leg. — Ligamentumfibula: anticum, arifes from the fore-part 
of the malleolus externus of the fibula, and is fixed to the 
upper and outer part of the aftragalus. Ligamentum fibula: 
medium, arifes from the point of the malleolus externus, 
and is fixed to the outfide of the os calcis. Ligamentum 
fibula: poficum, arifes from the under and back part of tire 
malleolus externus, and is bent obliquely backwards and 
fixed to the outer and back part of the aftragalus. Liga¬ 
mentum tibice dcltoideum, arifes from the malleolus interims, 
and is fixed to the aftragalus and os naviculare. Ligamen¬ 
tum capfulare, arifes from the whole edge of the articular 
cavity of the tibia, and is fixed entirely round the aftra¬ 
galus. 
Ligaments of theBASEsoftheMETATARsAi.BoNEs. 
—Ligamentum capfulare, joins the metatarfal bone of the 
great toe to the os unciforme internum. Ligamenta articu- 
latoria, join the poflerior extremities of the metatarfal to 
the anterior edges of the tarfal bones. On account of 
their different fituations, they have the name of ligamenta 
planlaria, pedis dofalia, lateralia. Ligamenta tranfverfa 
dorfi pedis, are three in number, and arc fituated on the 
upper part of the foot, and join the bafes of all the meta^ 
tarfal bones together, excepting that which belongs to the 
great toe. Ligamenta tranfverfaplantce are likewife three 
7 K but 
