62* A N A T 
it is extremely rare that both are found fufficiently valid 
and proper for feats of iove ; nay, e ven in a great many, both 
theie members are deficient and impotent, (o that they can 
perforin the office neither of a male nor of a female.” 
With refpeci to them, it appears, from i collation of all 
the circumltances which have been obferved, that no per¬ 
fect - androgyne, or real hermaphrodite, pofteHes the genuine 
powers of both iexes, in (itch a manner as to be qualified 
for. performing the functions of either with fuccefs : the 
irregularity of their fabrication almoft always confifts in 
fomeihing fuperfluous added to one of the two fexes, which 
gives it the appearance of tlie other, without bellowing 
tlie real and ciiaradteriuical diftinefion ; and every herma¬ 
phrodite is almoft always, in effect, a very woman. Since 
this monltrous exhibition of nature is not Inch as to abro¬ 
gate the'rights or deflroy the character of humanity among 
iiunian beings, this involuntary misfortune implies no right 
to defpile thofe itp'on whom it is inflicted by nature, or 
to make them the fport and ridicule of the illiberal and 
licentious. 
The Anatomical Plate VI. affords an accurate View of 
the Male and Female Parts of Generation, and of the Lujus 
Natura conftituting the Hermaphrodites or Androgynes. 
Fig. i, rcpiefents the male organs, aa , Tlte kidneys. 
lb, The ureters, cc, The renal glands, d, Tlie trunk of 
the vena cava, c, Trunk of the aorta. Jf Tlte emul- 
gent arteries and veins, gg, The fpernuitic arteries and 
veins, hh, Tlte iliac arteries, ii, The iliac veins, kk, The 
hypogaftric arteries and veins, which run down upon the 
bladder and penis. /, The bladder, in, The bulb of tlte 
urethra, n, The penis, oo, The vafa deferentia. pp, The 
tpididymes. qq, The tefticles. 
Fig. 2, reprelents the female parts. i, The womb. 
2, 2, The Fallopian tubes. 3, 3, The fimbriae. 4, 4, The 
ovaria. 5, The mouth of the womb. 6, 6 , The ligamen- 
ta rotiinda. 7, The rugous inlide of the vagina. X, The 
orifice of the vagina. 
Fig. 3, 4, and 5, reprefent the hermaphrodite confor- 
’ mation of the male genitals, as deferibed above ; and 
Jig. 6, repreleiits that which more particularly appertains 
"to the female. 
OF THE ARTERIES. 
The heart throws the blood into two great arteries ; 
one of which is named aorta, the other arteria pulmonalis. 
The aorta diftributes the blood to all parts of the body, 
for the nourilhment of the parts, and for the fecretion of 
the different fluids. The arteria pulmonalis carries the 
venal blood through all the capillary velfels of the lungs. 
Both theie great or general arteries are fubdivided into fe- 
veral branches, and into a great number of ramifications. 
The pulmonary artery goes out from tiie right ventricle 
of the heart ; and its trunk having run almoft directly up¬ 
ward as high as the curvature of the aorta, is divided into 
two lateral branches, one going to the right Tide, called 
the right pulmonary artery, the other to the left lide, termed 
the left pulmonary artery. The right artery palfes under 
the curvature of the aorta, and is confequently longer than 
the left. They both run to the lungs, and are difperfed 
through their whole fubftance by ramifications nearly like 
thofe of the bronchia, and lying in the fame direction. 
From the pulmonary arteries the blood is returned by the 
veins': which, contrary to the courle of the arteries, begin 
by very minute canals, and gradually become larger, fornt- 
iiw at length four large trunks called pulmonary veins , which 
terminate in the left auricle. 
The aorta is divided into the aorta afeendens and aorta 
defeendens, though both are but one and the fame trunk. 
It is termed afeendens, from where it leaves the heart to the 
extremity of the great curvature or arch. The remaining 
part of this trunk from the arch to the os facriim is named 
defeendens. The large branches of the aorta are thefe : two 
arteria; fubclavite, two carotides, one cariiaca, one melen- 
terica luoerior, two renales oriemulgentes, one mefenterica 
inferior, and two iiiaca:. The fmall branches are chiefly 
‘ O M Y. 
the arteria: coronariae cordis, bronchiales, a-fophagex, in- 
tercollales, diaphragmatic® inftriores, fpermaticae, lum- 
bares, and lacras. From the upper part the aorta fends 
out commonly three, l'ometimes four, large branches, their 
origins being very near each other. When there are four, 
the two middle branches are termed arteria: carotides, the 
other two fubclavice ; and both are diftinguifhed into right 
and left. The carotid arteries run direflly up to the head, 
each of them being firlt divided into two, one external, 
tHe other internal : the external artery goes chiefly to the 
outer parts ot the head and dura mater, or firft covering 
ot the brain ; the internal enters the cranium through the 
bony canal of the os petrofum, and is diftributed through 
the brain by a great number of ramifications. The lub- 
clavian arteries feparate laterally, and almoft tranfverlely, 
each running toward that lide on which it lies, behind and 
under the clavicuhe, from whence they have their name, 
'i lie left feems to be fnorter, and runs more obliquely than 
the right. The fubclavian on each fide terminates at the 
upper edge of the firft rib; and there, as it goes out of the 
thorax, takes the name of arteria axillaris. During this 
courle of the fubclavian artery, taking in the common 
trunk ol the right fubclavian, feveral arteries arile from 
it, viz. the mammaria interna, mediaftina, pericardia, dia- 
phragmatica minor live fuperior, thymica, and trachealis. 
The thymica and trachealis on each lide are, in fome fub- 
jects, only branches of one fmall trunk which fprings from 
the common trunk of the right fubclavian and carotid. 
They are generally fmall arteries, which run fome times 
feparate, and lometimes partly feparate and partly joined. 
Trite fubclavian fends oft' likewife the mammaria interna, 
vertebrales, cervicales, and l'ometimes feveral of the upper 
intercoftales. Tiie axillary artery, which is only a conti¬ 
nuation of the fubclavian, from the place where it goes 
out of the thorax to the axilla, detaches chiefly the mam¬ 
maria externa or thcracia fuperior, thoraeia inferior, lea- 
pulares extern®, Icapularis interna, humeralis or mufeu- 
laris, fee. Afterwards it is continued, by different ramifi¬ 
cations, and under different names, over the whole arm, 
all tlte way to the ends of the fingers. 
The fuperior portion of the aorta defeendens gives off' 
the arteriae bronchiales, which arile l'ometimes by a fmall 
common trunk, lometimes feparately, and lometimes do 
not come immediately from the aorta. It next fends off 
the cefophage®, which may be looked upon as mediaftime 
pofteriores, and the intercoftales, from its poflerior part, 
which in fome (objects come all from this portion of the 
aorta, in others only the loweft eight or nine. The infe¬ 
rior portion of the defeending aorta, as it palfes through 
tlte diaphragm, gives off tlte diaphragmatic® inferiores or 
phrenic®, which however do not always come immediately 
from the aorta. Afterwards it lends oft' feveral branches 
anteriorly, pofteriorly, and laterally. 
The anterior branches are cteliaca, which fupplies the 
ftontach, liver, fpleen, pancreas, &c. the melenterica lii- 
perior, which goes chiefly to the mefentery, to the fmall 
inteftines, and to that part of t4ie great inteftines which lies 
on the right fide of tlte abdomen ; the mefenterica inferior, 
which goes to the great inteftines on the left lide, and pro¬ 
duces the htemorrhoidalis interna ; and laftly, the right 
and left arterias fpermaticae. The pollerior branches are 
tire arteria lumbares, of which there are feveral pairs, and 
tiie facr®, wliich do not always come from the trunk of 
the aorta. The lateral branches are the caplulares and 
adipolie, the origin of which often varies ; the renales, 
commonly termed nnulgenlcs, and tiie iliac®. The iliac 
artery on each lide is commonly divided into the external 
or anterior, and internal or pollerior. The internal iiiaca 
is likewife named arteria hypogafrica-, and its ramifications 
are diftributed to the vifeera contained in the pelvis, and 
to the neighbouring parts, both internal and external. 
The iiiaca externa, which is tlte true continuation of the 
iliac trunk, and alone deferves that name, goes cn to the 
inguen, and then out of the abdomen, under the ligamen- 
tum I'allopii j having firft detached tiie epigaftrica, which 
goes 
