A NATO M Y. 
6 3 ° 
' the defcription. Fig. 2. gives a back view of the lower 
extremity, dilfedled fo as to (hew the deeper-feated lym¬ 
phatic velfels which accompany the arteries. 1, The os 
pubis. 2, The tuberofity of the ifchium. 3, That part 
ol the os ilium which was articulated with the os facrum. 
4, The extremity of the iliac artery appearing above the 
groin. 5, The knee. 6, 6, Thetwocut furfaces of the 
triceps mufcle, which was divided to (hew the lymphatic 
vedeis that pafs through its perforation along with the 
crural artery. 7, The edge of the mufculus gracilis. 
8, The gallrocnemitis and fcleus, much Ihrunk by being 
dried, and by the Coleus being feparated from the tibia to 
expofe the veflels. 9, The heel. 10, The folc of the 
foot. 11, The fuperfieial lymphatic velfels palling ov-er 
the knee to the thigh. 12, The pofterior tibial artery. 
13, A lymphatic velfel accompanying the pofterior tibial 
artery. 14, The fame veftel crofting the artery. 15, A 
fmall lymphatic gland through which this deep-feated 
lymphatic veftel paifes. 16, The lympliatic veftel parting 
under a final! part to the foleus, which is left attached to 
the bone, the reft being removed. 17, The lymphatic 
veftel crofting the popliteal artery. 18, 19, 20, Lympliatic 
glands in the ham, through which the lymphatic-velfel 
paffes. 21, The lymphatic veftel palling with ihe crural 
artery through the perforation of the triceps mufcle. 22, 
The lymphatic velfel, after it has palled the perforation 
©f the triceps, dividing into branches which embrace the 
artery 26. 24, A lymphatic gland belonging to the deep- 
feated lymphatic velfel. At this place thole velfels pafs 
to the fore-part of the groin, where they communicate 
with the fuperfieial lymphatic velfels. 25, A part of 
the fuperfieial lymphatic velfels appearing on the brim of 
the pelvis. 
Absorbent Vessels of the Trunk. —The lympha¬ 
tics,of the lower extremities having now reached the trunk 
of the body, and having palled under Poupart's ligament, 
appear upon tite (ides of the offa pubis near the pelvis, at 
Fig 5. 24, 24. A part of them paifes up along wi'h the 
iliac arterytipon the brim of the pelvis; and another part 
dips down into the cavity of the pelvis, and joins the in¬ 
ternal iliac artery near the fciatic notch. At this place 
they are joined by the lymphatics from the contents of the 
pelvis, particularly from the bladder and the veliculae le- 
minales in the male, and from the uterus in the female ; 
and there are likewife feveral branches which pafs through 
the fciatic notch from the neighbourhood of the giutaei 
mufcles. The lymphatic velfels of the uterus, like its 
blood-velfels, are much enlarged, and therefore ealily dif- 
tinguifhed, in the pregnant ftate of that organ. Befides 
thofe lymphatic velfels which dip down : nto the cavity of 
the pelvis on the infide of the external iliac artery at 27, 
there are others which keep on the outfide of that artery 
upon the pfoas mufcle, fome of which are feen on the left 
fide in the fame plate at 28. Of tliefe, one part paftes up 
to the loins at 32, and goes under the aorta in different 
branches, getting from the left fide to the right, and join¬ 
ing the thoracic dudt. Another part paftes under the iliac 
arteries, and appears upon the os facrum at 30, making a 
beautiful net-work, joining the lymphatics of the right 
fide, and palling under the iliac artery, to form the net¬ 
work 31, upon the upper part of the right pfoas mufcle. 
The lymphatic velfels of the right fide, joined by fome 
from the left, having now reached the right lumbar re¬ 
gion, appear there in the form of a plexus of large velfels, 
and pafs through feveral glands, which occupied the fpaces 
33, 33 ; but, not being injected in the fubjedl, they are 
not reprefented. At this part likewife they receive large 
branches, under the aorta, from the plexus on the left 
fide of the loins, as is mentioned before ; and having at 
laft got up as high as the fecond, or more frequently the 
third, lumbar vertebra, they all join, and form a (ingle 
trunk called the thoracic du£l, which is feen at 36. At this 
art they are likewife joined by the ladleals, which (hall 
e next deferibed. 
The ladteal velfels, fo called from their commonly con¬ 
veying a fluid that is of the colour of milk, are found in 
two lets which communicate with each other; the internal 
begin from the inner furface of the inteftines, where each 
ladteal is at firft formed upon the furface of the villi by 
numerous fmall radiated branches, with orifices deltined 
to imbibe the nutritious fluid or chyle: from the cavity 
of the inteftines thefe velfels pafs obliquely through their 
coats, uniting as they go, fo as to form larger branches. 
Thefe branches run on the outfide of the inteftines, to get 
to that part which is next the mefentery. From the in¬ 
teftines they run along the mefentery and mefocolon, to¬ 
wards the fpine; palfing through the ladteals in their way 
to the conglobate or mefenteric glands. Thele glands di¬ 
vide the ladleals into two regions: from the inteftines to 
the glands tliefe velfels are called ladea primi generis; and, 
from the glands to the thoracic dudl, la llca fecundi generis. 
The ladteals of the jejunum are larger and more numerous 
than thofe of the ilium. Thofe of the final! inteftines, as 
they run upon the mefentery, commonly accompany the 
luperior mefenteric artery, and unite, as they proceed, in¬ 
to larger branches; fo that by the time they arrive at the 
root of the mefentery, they are of a conliderable fize, as 
may be feen in Fig. 5. 34. From the mefenteric artery 
they defeend by the lides of the aorta, and open at lalt 
into the thoracic duel 36 ; the ladteals, or rather the lym¬ 
phatics of the large inteftines, run fomewhat differently.. 
Into the thoracic dudt at 36, likewife enters the lymph of 
the other abdominal vifeera. The lymphatics of the glan- 
dulae renales, or renal capfulte, terminate in the renal 
plexus. The lymphatic velfels of the fpleen pafs from 
the concave lide of that vifeus, along with the fplenic ar¬ 
tery in the finuofrty of the pancreas, by the lymphatic vef- 
fels of which they are joined. Two lets of lymphatic 
velfels belong to the ffomach, the one running upon its, 
fmaller, and the other upon its greater, curvature. Of 
thefe, the former accompanies the coronary artery, and 
paffes through fome lymphatic glands that lie by its lides. 
The odier let palfes from the great curvature of the ffo¬ 
mach, partly to the left and partly to the right fide. Se¬ 
veral branches proceed under the duodenum, and others 
over it; which all open into the thoracic duct, near the 
termination of the large trunk of the ladteals, as feen at 
36. The thoracic dudl is therefore the common trunk 
which receives the abforbent velfels of the lower extremi¬ 
ties, the ladteals, and the lymphatics of the abdominal 
vilcera. The lymphatics of the liver, like thofe of the 
other vifeera, are in two lets; one of which lies upon the 
furface of the organ, and the other accompanies the large 
blood-velfels in its centre. The lymphatics on the con¬ 
cave furface run towards the portre, where they join thofe 
which come front the centre of the liver along with its 
large blood-velfels. After they get from the liver, they 
are found to be very numerous. They pafs into glands on 
the vena portarum ; and afterwards end in the thoracic 
dudt, near the root of the fuperior mefenteric artery. It 
is remarkable, that the valves of thofe lymphatic velfels 
which run upon the furface of the liver, can readily be 
made to give way, fo that they may be injected from their 
trunks to their branches, with great minutenefs. 
The thoracic dudt, which receives all the velfels that 
we have yet deferibed, differs in its fize in different fub- 
jedts; but it is always fmaller in its middle than at its be¬ 
ginning, as is feen in the plate. Sometimes its lower part 36, 
is larger in proportion than there reprefented : and that en¬ 
largement has been called recrptaculum chyli ; it is conlide¬ 
rable in fome quadrupeds, in turtle, and in fiff): but many 
anatomills have denied that there is any part of the thoracic 
du 61 in the human fubjedt that deferves the name ot recep- 
taculum , having never feen any thing like a pyriform bag, 
as it has been deferibed, but merely an enlargement not 
unlike a varix, and that only in few fnbjedts; it generally 
appears only a little larger at its middle than at its ends. 
This lower extremity of the thoracic du6t is formed by the 
union of two or three very large trunks or lymphatic vef- 
fels, which are fpread out upon the fpine, thofe of the 
right 
