Comparative.] A N A 
kinds, as the lobfter. They have a Jlomach, and other 
organs of digeftion; and it is curious, that in home, as the 
lobfter, the teeth are found in the ftomach. They have a 
heart and blood-veJJ'ds, and circulation is carried on in them 
fomewhat as in the former clafs; but the blood is without 
red globules; or, as naturalifts fpeak, is colourlefs. In 
the "lobfter, and others of the larger kind, when a piece 
of the (hell is broken, the pulfation of the heart is feen 
diftinftly, and that fometimes for feveral hours after it has 
been laid bare. The exiftence of lungs has been denied 
by fome‘authors. But late experiments and obfervations 
fhew, that no fpecies want them, or at leaft fontething fi- 
milar to them; and, in many infedts, they are larger in 
proportion than in other animals; in moft of them, they 
lie on or near the furface of their body; and fend out la¬ 
teral pores or tracheae, by which, if the animal is be- 
fmeared with oil, it is inftantly fuft'oeated. 
The fame difference in fex exifts in infedls as in oth.er 
animals, and they even appear more difpofed to increafe 
their fpecies, many of them, when become perfect, fee til¬ 
ing to be created for no other purpofe but to propagate. 
Thus the filk-worm, when it arrives at its perfedt or moth 
ftate, is incapable of eating, and can hardly fly; it en¬ 
deavours only to propagate its fpecies: after which the 
male immediately dies,- as does the female as foon as flie 
has'depofited Iter eggs. Befides thofe of t he male and fe¬ 
male, a third fex exifts in fome infebts which we call neu¬ 
ter. As thefe have not the diftinguiftiing parts of either 
fex, they may be conlidered as eunuchs or infertile. We 
know of no inftance of this kind in any other clafs of ani¬ 
mals ; and it is only found among thofe infects which form 
themfelves into focieties, as bees, vvafps, and ants ; and 
here thefe eunuchs are real flaves, as on them lies the 
whole bufinefs of the ceconomy. No hermaphrodites as 
yet have been difeovered among infebts. 
Many have imagined that the generality of infebts were 
merely the production of putrefabtion, becanfe they have 
been obferved to arife from putrefied iubftances : but a 
contrary opinion is now more generally adopted; and it is 
certain, that, if putrid bodies be (hut up in a clofe velfel, 
no infebts are ever generated unlefs their ova have been 
originally depofited there. They are oviparous animals, 
and lay their eggs in places moft convenient for the nou- 
rilhment of their young; fome in water, others in flefh ; 
fome in fruit and leaves; while others make nefts in the 
earth or in wood, and fometimes even in the hardeft (tone. 
ANA 
A'NATRON, f. The feum which fwims upon molten 
glafs in the furnace, which, when taken off, melts in the 
air, and then coagulates into common fait. It is likewife 
that fait which gathers upon the walls of vaults. 
A'NAX, a fon of Cceius and Terra, from whom Mi¬ 
letus was formerly called Anactoria. This name was an¬ 
ciently given to feveral remarkable perfons, it having been 
of the greateft honour. 
ANAXA'GORAS, one of the moft celebrated philo- 
fophers among the ancients. He was born at Clazomene 
in Ionia, about the 70th Olpmpiad. He was adifcipleof 
Anaximenes; and he gave up his patrimony, to be more at 
leifure for the ftudy of philofop’ny, giving ledtures in that 
fcience at Athens. Being perfecuted in this place, and at 
laft banifhed from it, lie opened a fchcol at Lampfacum, 
where lie was greatly honoured during his life, and (till 
more after his death, ftatues having been ereCted to his 
memory. It is faid he made fome predictions relative to 
the phenomena of nature, as earthquakes, &c. upon which 
he wrote fome treatifes. His principal tenets may be re¬ 
duced to the following : All things were in the beginning 
conftifedly mixed together, without order and without 
' G M Y. 671 
The eggs of all infebts firft become caterpillar or maggot, 
from which they are changed into chryfalis oraurelite, fo 
named from their being inclofed in a cafe; and thefe dy¬ 
ing, or feeming to die, the fly, or butterfly, or perfect 
ftate, fucceeds; and during each of thefe changes their 
appearance differs wonderfully. 
With refpeCt to Worms, they have characters corre- 
fponding with thofe of the former tribe, but are diftin- 
guifhed from them by having no antenme, and in being 
furniftied with tentacula. Many of them, particularly 
thofe without (hejls, are remarkably tenacious of life, 
fometimes capable of being new-formed from a part which 
may halve been feparated. By much the greater number 
of them are deftitute of head, ears, nofe, eyes, and feet. 
Some of thofe in the firft order, as the common round 
worms, have a vafcular and nervous fyftem, with the parts 
of generation, which can be diftinbtly feen. Some, as the 
cuttle-fifti, form a kind of connebtion between fillies and 
worms, in pofiefling gills but wanting fins, &c. while 
others, as thofe of the loweft order, orzoophyta, join the 
properties of the animal and vegetable kingdom together. 
The clafs is divided into the following orders, viz. lnlef- 
tina: as the earth-worm, leech, &c. which are the moft: 
Ample animals, being perfectly naked, and without limbs 
of any kind. Mo/lujca: as the naked (hail, fea-frar, cuttle- 
fifh ; which are likewife Ample animals without any (Iiell, 
but they are brachiated or furniftied with a kind of limbs. 
Tejlacea: as the (nail, oyfter, &c. which have the fame 
characters as the former order, but are covered with a 
Ihell, and include the greater part of what we commonly 
call ftiell-fifti. Lithophyta; as corals, madrepores, &c. 
which arc compound animals fixed upon a calcareous bafe, 
conftruCted by the creatures themfelves. Zoophyla: as 
the fponge, polypus, &c. Thefe are likewife compound 
animals, furniftied w ith a kind of flowers, and having a 
vegetating root and ftem. 
Some of thefe creatures inhabit the earth, others live 
on the reft of the animal or on the vegetable kingdom, and 
many are found in the hardeft ftones; while an innumera¬ 
ble tribe of them live in the waters. In general, they are 
faid to be of the hermaphrodite and oviparous kind ; while 
the loweft clafs, as the polypi, in a great meafure refera¬ 
ble the vegetable kingdom in their manner of growth; 
but for the propagation of thefe animals, as well as the 
others of this clafs, we refer the reader to the various par¬ 
ticulars under their refpebtive heads. 
ANA 
motion. The principle of things is at the fame time one 
and multiplex, which had the name of homamcries, or (i- 
milar particles, deprived of life. But there is beude this, 
from all eternity, another principle, an infinite and incor¬ 
poreal fpirit, who gave motion to thefe particles; in vir¬ 
tue of which, fuch as are homogeneal united, and fuchas 
were heterogeneal feparated according to their 'different 
kinds. All things being thus put in motion by the fpirit, 
and every thing being united to fuch as are fimilar, thofe 
that had a circular motion produced heavenly bodies, the 
lighter particles afeending, while thofe that were heavier 
defeended. The rocks of the earth, being drawn up by 
the whirling force of the air, took fire, and became liars, 
beneath which the fun and moon took their (rations. It 
was faicl lie alfo wrote upon tiie Quadrature of the Circle; 
the treatife upon which, Plutarch fays, he compofed du¬ 
ring his imprifonment at Athens. 
ANAX AR'CHUS, a philofopher of Abdent, highly 
efteemed by Alexander the Great, i lis end was peculiarly 
tragical: having the misfortune to fail into the hands ot 
the enemy, they pounded him alive in a mortar. 
AN’AXA'RKTH, in fabulous hiftofy, a nymph of the 
- ’ ifland 
