674 A N C 
a wild fea. Wotton . The fet of anchors belonging to a fhip. 
The duty paid for the liberty of anchoring in a port. 
AN'CHORED, part. adj. Held by the anchor : 
Like a well-twifted cable, holding faft 
The anchor’d velfel in the loudeft blaft. Wallet. 
AN'CHORESS, f. A nun. 
AN'CHORET, f \_anchorette, Fr. anchoreta, Lat. of 
of ama., and to retire.] A reclufe ; a 
hermit; one that retires to the more fevere duties of re¬ 
ligion. 
AN*CHO'VY,yi in ichthyology, the Englifh name of 
the clupea encralicolus. See Clupea. 
Anchovy-pear,/ in botany. See Grias. 
ANCHU'RUS, in fabulous hiftory, a Ion of Midas, 
king of Phrygia, who facrificed himfelf for the good of 
his country. The earth having opened and fwallowed up 
many buildings, the oracle was confulted, which gave foV 
anfwer, that the gulf would never clofe, if Midas did 
not throw into it whatever he had mod precious. The 
king parted with many things of immenfe value, yet the 
earth continued open, till Anchurus,'thinking himfelf the 
mod precious of his father’s pofledions, leaped into the 
gulf, which clofed immediately. Midas erected there an 
altar of dones to Jupiter, and that altar was the fil'd objedt 
which he turned into gold, when hdljiad received his fatal 
gift from the gods. This unpolifhed lump of gold exifi- 
ed in the age of Plutarch. 
ANCHU'SA, f [ay^ovc-a, tto eip, Gr. from 
its fuppofed conilringent quality ; or, as others fay, be- 
c a life it drangles ferpents.] In botany, a genus of the pen- 
tandria monogynia clafs, ranking in the natural order of 
afperifoliae. The generic charafters are—Calyx: perian- 
thium five-parted, oblong, round, acute, permanent. Co¬ 
rolla: monopetalous, funnel-fhaped ; tube cylindrical, the 
length of the calyx ; limb femiquinquefid, from eredl, ex¬ 
panding, obtufe; throat clofed with five fmall fcales; con¬ 
vex, prominent, oblong, converging. Stamina: filaments 
very fhort, in the throat of the corolla; antherae oblong, 
incumbent, covered. Pidillum: germs four; dyle fili¬ 
form, the length of the damens; digma obtufe, emargi- 
nate. Pericarpium : none; but the calyx enlarged, and 
ereft, contains the feeds in its bofom. Seeds: four; ob- 
longifh, obtufe, gibbofe.— EJJential CharaBer. Corolla, 
funnel-fhaped, the throat enclofed with an arch of fcales. 
Seeds engraved at the bafe. 
Species, i. Anchufa officinalis, or officinal or garden 
alkanet or buglofs: leaves lanceolate, fpikes imbricate, 
pointing one way. Stems from a foot to eighteen inches 
in height, and more, the thicknefs of a finger, dightly an¬ 
gular, hairy, and rough. Leaves feven inches long, above 
an inch broad, hairy, and rough. This plant flowers in 
June, July, and Auguft; and the feeds ripen in a month. 
It grows wild in Italy, Spain, France, Germany, Sweden, 
Denmark, and Siberia, by road fides, and in corn fields. 
When tender in the fpring, it is eaten boiled in Upland. 
The tube of the corolla is melliferous, and the bees are 
very fond of it. This is not the anchufa , but the buglofs , of 
the officinal writers. It appears to be nearly finrilar to bo¬ 
rage ; the leaves being lefs juicy, and the roots more mu¬ 
cilaginous ; thefe, with the leaves and flowers, are ranked 
among the articles of the materia medica, but they are very 
feldoin made ufe of. In China, this plant is in great efteem, 
for gently promoting the eruption in the fmall-pox. 
2. Anchufa auguftifolia, or narrow-leaved alkanet: 
racemes almoft naked in pairs. Grows to the height of 
two feet when cultivated in gardens, but, in the places 
where it grows wild, is rarely more than a foot. The 
Jpaves are narrow, and lefs hairy than thofe of the firft ; 
tjfje fpikes of flowers come out double, and have no leaves 
apout them; the flowers are fmall, and of a red colour. 
•Tf’hf roots will continue three or four years in poor land. 
JIgile*' thinks that this is not a diftinft fpecies from the 
grit; Linnaeus acknowledges that they are very much a- 
iike; but, according to Retzius, molt authors have milta- 
A N C 
ken the three firft fpecies. It is found wild in Italy, Ger¬ 
many, and Switzerland ; flowering in July and Auguft, 
by way-fides, and the borders of ploughed fields. Boer- 
haave recommended the juice in the pleurify, and in ma¬ 
niacal Cafes. 
3. Anchufa Italica, or Italian alkanet: leaves lucid,..- 
ftrigofe; racemes two-parted, two-leaved, flowers forne- 
what unequal, bearded at the throat. This differs from 
the firft fpecies in lize; in that the flowers are equal and 
funnel-fhaped; in this they are falver-fhaped; they are 
much more imbricate in that, the fegments of the calyx 
broader and fhorter; thofe of the corolla ovate;, with the 
fcales of the throat only (lightly tomentofe. 
4. Anchufa undulata, or waved alkanet: flrigofe, leaves 
linear toothed, pedicels lefs than the brarite, fruit-bearing, 
calyxes inflated. Height three feet, with many ftrong la¬ 
teral branches, produced from the main Hera near the 
ground. Leaves ftiff, rough, fix or feven inches long, and 
about halt an inch broad at the top, clofely embracing the 
branches at the bafe, where they are two inches broad ; 
indented and waved on their edges ; the upper furface be- 
fet with hairs, and very rough to the touch. The root 
commonly decays after the feeds are perfefted ; though 
fometimes, when it grows upon gravel, or in the joints of 
ftone walls, it will live three or four years. Such plants 
are feldom more than a foot high, and have fmall narrow 
leaves ; fo that they appear like a different fpecies. It is 
a native of Spain and Portugal. Gmelin. alfo found it in 
Siberia. 
5. Anchufa tinfiloria, or dyer’s alkanet: downy, leaves 
lanceolate, obtufe, ftamens fliorter than the corollas. This 
fpecies rifes near as high as the firft, to which it bears great 
refemblance in its leaves and branches, only that they are 
more woolly; the ftamens are alio fhorter than the corolla. 
The root is red. It much refembles the feventh fpecies, 
and is entirely clothed with a white down. It grows about 
Montpellier, in Silefia, Spain, and Italy- Cultivated here 
in 1683, by Mr. James Sutherland. This plant is culti¬ 
vated in,the fouth of France, for the deep purplifh red co¬ 
lour of the roots. It imparts a fine deep red to oils, wax, 
and all undtuous fubftances, as well as to fpirit of wine. 
The fpirituous tindlure, on being infpiflated, changes to a 
dark brown. Its chief ufe is for colouring plafters, lip- 
falves, &c. Roots of buglofs boiled in Brazil wood are 
fubftituted for thofe of alkanet; but thefe will not die 
oils red. 
6. Anchufa Virginica, or Virginian alkanet: flowers- 
fcattered, Item fmooth. This feldom rifes a foot high in 
good ground, but not above half that height where the 
foil is poor. The flowers grow in loofe fpikes, upon a 
fmooth ftalk. It is perennial, and a native of North Ame¬ 
rica, where it grows in the woods; and, being an early 
plant, generally flowers before the trees are in leaf; fo 
that, where it abounds, the earth feems covered with bright 
yellow flowers. It is known in that country by the name 
of Puccoon. 
7. Anchufa lanata, or woolly alkanet : leaves villofe, 
calyxes fhaggy, ftamens longer than the corollas. Found 
by Brander near Algiers; and very like the fifth fpecies. 
8. Anchufa fempervirens, or evergreen alkanet: leaves 
ovate, peduncles two-leaved, racemed. It is found wild 
in Spain and Italy. With us it has crept out of gardens, 
and has been remarked growing fpontaneoufly near Ro- 
ehefter, Haddifcoe in Suffolk, Cambridge, Birmingham, 
Worcefter, and London ; by road-fides, among rubbifh, 
and from the joints of old walls. It flowers from May 
through a great part of the fummer, and is perennial. 
Kine, horfes, fheep, and goats, are faid to eat it: and it 
has the fame qualities with the firft: and fecond fpecies. 
9. Anchufa Barrelieri, or Barrelier’s alkanet : leaves 
ovate-lanceolate; ftem ereft, peduncles racemed, point¬ 
ing one way. Found in Piedmont by Bellardi. 
19. Anchufa paniculata, or panicled alkanet or buglofs: 
leaves lanceolate flrigofe quite entire, panicle dichotomous 
divaricate, flowers peduncled, calyxes five-parted, with 
fubulate 
