678 AND 
of Finfhaugh, a gentleman who alfo poffeffed a fingular 
turn for mathematical and mechanical knowledge. This 
mathematical genius was hereditary in the family of the 
Anderfoqs, and from them it feems to have been tra'nf- 
mitted to their del'cendants of the name of Gregory in the 
fame country : the daughter of the laid David Anderfon 
having been the mother of the celebrated mathematician 
James Gregory > and who herfelf fir ft inftructed her fon 
Tames in the elemeu'' of the mathematics, upon her ob- 
Ibrving in him, while yet a child, a ftrong propenlity to 
thole lciences. 
AN'DES, or Cordii/leras, a huge chain of moun¬ 
tains, or rather two ridges or cordilleras, running almoft 
the whole length of South America, from the ifthnms of 
Darien to the (traits of Magellan, through Peru and Chili, 
a diftance of 4300 miles ; and in a line parallel to, and but 
a little difiance from, the Pacific ocean. They are alfo 
the loftiefi, as well as the molt exteniive, range of hills in 
the whole world. Even the plain of Quito, which may 
be confrdered as a bale of the Andes, is elevated farther 
above the tea than the ton of the Pyrenees; and, in dif¬ 
ferent places, they rile more than one-third higher than 
the Pike of Teneriffc, heretofore accounted the higheft 
part of the whole earth. The Andes may literally be laid 
to hide their heads in the clouds: the dorms often roll, and 
and the thunders bat'd, below their fummits; which, tho’ 
expofed to the rays of the fun, in the centre of the torrid 
zone, are covered with everlading fnows. From experi¬ 
ments made with a barometer, on the mountain of Coto¬ 
paxi, it appeared, that its funimit was elevated 6252 yards, 
which is fomething more than three geographical miles, 
above the dtrface of the fea. Thefe mountains give rife 
to the larged rivers in the world; and, when the volca¬ 
noes, which are numerous here, bread out among the 
fnows, the Hidden thaws produce fuch torrents of water, 
as to deluge the plains, and carry off the inhabitants, both 
man and bead. 
Andes, a hamlet of Mantua in Italy, celebrated as the 
birth-place of Virgil. It is now called Pictola, two miles 
to the wed of Mantua. 
ANDE'TRIUM, or Andre'cium, an inland town of 
Dalmatia. It is deferibed as fituated near Salome, on a 
naturally ftrong and inaccefiible rock, furrounded with 
deep valleys, and rapid torrents; from which it appears to 
be the citadel now called Cijfa. Lat.43.20. Ion. 17.46.E. 
ANDEU'SE, a city of the late province of Languedoc 
in France, fituated in Lat.43.45.N. Ion. 3.40. E. 
AN'DIRON, f. [fuppofed by Skinner to be corrupted 
from Land-iron ; an iron that may be moved by the hand, 
or may fupply the place of a hand. ] Irons at the end of a 
fire-grate, in which the fpit turns ; or iron in which wood 
is laid to burn.—If you ftrike an entire body, as an andiron 
of brafs, at the top, it maketh a more treble found, and 
at the bottom a bafer. Bacon. 
ANDOMADU'NUM, a city of Gallia Belgica; now 
Lartgres in Champagne, fituated on an eminence on the 
borders of Burgundy, at the fprings of the Marne. Lat. 
4X. o. N. Ion. 5. 22. E. 
AN'DOVER, \_andcfaran, Sax. i. e. the ferry of the ri¬ 
ver Anton,] Is a borough-town in Hampfhire, and dands 
on the river Ande, being a great thoroughfare on the di¬ 
re °t weftern road, as well from Newbury to Salitbury, as 
from London to Exeter, Taunton, and all the manufactu¬ 
ring towns of Wiltlhire, Somerfetlhire, &c. whereby it is 
greatly enriched, and is become a handtbme, thriving, 
well-built, populous, place. It is faid to have had its fird 
charter from king John ; but was lad incorporated by 
queen Elizabeth; being governed by a bailiff, high-dew¬ 
ard, recorder, ten approved men, (out of w hom are chofen 
two judices,) and twenty-two capital burgeffes, who annu¬ 
ally chufe the bailiff, and he eleCts two ferjeants at mace 
to attend him. Here is an hofpital for fix poor men, built 
and endowed by Mr. Pollen, formerly one of its reprefen- 
tatives. Here is iikewife a free grainmar-fchool, founded 
in 1^69, by John Hanfuw Efq. for educating thirty poor 
A N D 
boys. The church is an ancient edifice, but dands high, 
and is very neat. In a large open fquare (lands the mar- 
ket-houfe ; a handfome fpacious modern building, with a 
council-room over, where the bufinefs of the corporation 
is tranfa&ed, and where the public entertainments andaf- 
femblies are held. The market, which is pretty contide- 
rable, is held on Saturdays; and here are three fairs an¬ 
nually, viz. on Midlent Saturday, 12th of May, and 6th 
of November; exclutlve of Weyhill fair, which is held 
on the 9th of October, and following days, on a fine open 
down, contiguous to the village of Weyhill, three miles 
ditlant from Andover; and is the greateft fair in this king¬ 
dom for Imps and theep. The whole weft of England'is 
fupplied with hops from it, which are the produce of 
Farnham, Alton, Crondall, Froyle, and all the Surry and 
Hampfhire growth; and with ewes for ftcre theep, it Rip- 
plies the fanners of the counties of Berks, Oxford, Bucks, 
Bedford, Hertford, Middiefex, Kent, Surry, and Siiftex ; 
who depend almoft entirely on this fair for their Ripply. 
A contiderable trade is carried on at Andover in the 
malting; as alfo in a manufacture of (balloons. The 
town is admirably fituated on the margin of the fine open 
Wiltlhire down, and at the edge of an extentive woodland 
country, which forms the north-weftern tide of the opu¬ 
lent county of Hants. Andover was a place well known 
to the Romans; and near it they had camps, both on 
Quarley-hill, and at Brehill, where their fites may be Hill 
traced, many of the trenches not being filled up. A na¬ 
vigable canal is now completed from this town through 
Stockbridge and Romfey, to the fea at Southampton. A 
junction between this canal, and that at Bafingftoke, as 
alfo betwixt Salitbury and Briftol, is now going on. 
Andover is fourteen miles north by weft of Winchefter, 
and fixty-five weft by fouth of London. Lat. 51. 14. N. 
Ion. 1. 20. W. 
ANDRA'DA (Diego de Payva d’), or Andra'dius, 
a learned Portuguefe, born at Conimbria, who diftinguifh- 
ed himfelf at the council of Trent, where king Sebaftian 
fent him as one of his divines. There is fcarcelyany Ca¬ 
tholic author who has been more quoted by the Protef- 
tants than he, becaufe he maintained fome opinions a little 
extravagant concerning the falvation of the heathens. 
Andrada was efteemed an excellent preacher. His fermons 
were publiflied in three parts, the fecond of which was 
tranftated into Spanifh by Benedict de Alcoran. Many 
encomiums have been bellowed upon Andrada. Oforius, 
in his preface to the “ Orthodox Explanations of Andra- 
dius,” gives him the character of .a man of wit, vaft ap¬ 
plication, great knowledge in the languages, with all the 
zeal and eloquence necetfary to a good preacher; and Rof- 
wedius fays, that he brought to the council of Trent the • 
underftanding of a ntoft profound divine, and the eloquence 
of a confummate orator. 
ANDRACH'NEjA- [apeva, Gr. glume or chaff ] In 
botany, a genus of the rnonoecia gynandria clafs, ranking 
in the natural order of tricoccce. The generic characters 
are—I. Male. Calyx: perianthium five-leaved, equal, 
marcefcent. Corolla: petals five, emarginate, (lender, 
(horter than the calyx; neftary, leaflets five, femibifid, 
herbaceous, one within each petal, and lei's than it. Sta¬ 
mina: filaments five, (mail, inferted into the rudiment.of 
each ftyle ; antherae firnple. IT. Female. Calyx: perian¬ 
thium five-leaved, equal permanent. Corolla: petals 
none ; nectary as in the male. Piftillum : germ fuperior, 
globofe ; ftyles three, filiform, two-parted; ftigmas glo- 
bofe. Pericarpium: capfule globofe-trilobate, three-cell¬ 
ed ; cells bivalved, the fize of the calyx. Seeds: in pairs, 
rounded on one fide, triangular and obtufe on the other. 
—EJJenlial CharaEier. Male. Calyx, five-leaved; corol¬ 
la, five-petalled; ftamina, five, inferted into the rudiment 
of the ftyle. Female. Calyx, five-leaved ; corolla, none; 
ftyles, three ; capfule, three-celled ; feeds, two. 
Species. 1. Andrachne telephones: procumbent and 
herbaceous. This is a low plant, whole branches trail on 
the ground. The leaves are final!, of an oval fliape, 
fmooth. 
