AND 
commendat'yon to the ancients, as its virtues would there¬ 
by be more durable ; and they were not acquainted with 
the method Of collefting ellential oils, being Jgnorant of 
the art of diftillation. Tlie fragrance and aromatic warmth 
of the nardus depends on a fixed principle, like that ot 
cardamoms, ginger, and fome other fpices. 1 tried, lays 
Dr. Blane, to extract the virtues of the nardus by boiling 
water, by maceration in wine, and proof fpirits, but it 
yielded them fparingly and with difficulty to all thefe 
menflrua. It had a high character among the ancients as 
a remedy both external and internal. It is one in the lilt 
of ingredients in all the antidotes, from thofe of Hippo¬ 
crates, as given cn the authority of Myrepfus, and Nico¬ 
laus Alexandrinus, to the officinals which have kept their 
ground till modern times, under the name of mitkridate 
and Venice treacle. It is recommended by Galen and Alex¬ 
ander Trallian in the dropfy and gravel. Celfus and Galen 
recommend it both externally and internally in pains of 
the Itomach and bowels. The firll occafion on which the 
latter was called to attend Marcus Aurelius was, when 
that emperor was feverely afflifled with an acute complaint 
in the bowels, anfvvering by the defcription to that we now 
call the cholera morbus ; and the firft remedy he applied was 
warm oleum nardinum on wool to the ftomach. He was fo 
fuccefsful in the treatment of this illnefs, that he ever af¬ 
terwards enjoyed the higheft favour and confidence of the 
emperor. It appears that the natives of India conlider it 
as an efficacious remedy in fevers, and its fenfible quali¬ 
ties promife virtues limilar to thofe of other limples now 
in life among us in fuch cafes. Befides a ftrong aromatic 
flavour, it pofleffes a pungency to the tafte little inferior 
lo the ferpentaria , and much more confiderable than the 
contrayerva. It is mentioned in a work attributed to Ga¬ 
len, that a medicine compofed of this, and fome other 
aromatics, was found ufeful in long protrafled fevers, 
which are the cafes in which medicines of this clafs are 
employed in modern practice. 
25. Andropogon muticum: fpikes digitate,moftly three; 
flofcules alternate, feffile awnlefs. A native of the Cape 
of Good Hope. 
26. Andropogon ifchtemum : many digitate fpikes, flof¬ 
cules feffile, awned and awnlefs, pedicels woolly. A na¬ 
tive of the fouthern parts of Europe, growing on moun¬ 
tains, hills, and other dry fituations. 
27. Andropogon fafciculatum, or many-fpiked andro¬ 
pogon : fpikes fafcicled, very many, fmooth ; calyxes two- 
flowered ; valves acute, fmooth, and even, the outer like 
petals and awned, the inner flofcule barren. A native of 
Jamaica; and flowers from July to September. 
28. Andropogon polydaflylon: fpikes fafcicled, outer 
petals awned,, thofe of the lower flofcule ciliate-bearded. 
A native of Jamaica. 
29. Andropogon glaucum : panicle leafy, involucels 
and calyxes two-flowered, calyxes of tire feffile flowers 
three-valved, of the peduncled ones two-valved. Native 
of the Eaft Indies ; from whence it was fent by Koenig. 
30. Andropogon ferratum : fpike Ample imbricate with 
two rows of awned feffile flowers, and two of awnlefs pe- 
dicelled ones, calyxes one-valved. Native of Bengal; 
found there by Koenig. 
31. Andropogon incurvatum : fpikes filiform fubdigi- 
tate, flowers twin, the female pedicelled and awned, the 
male feffile and awnlefs, calyxes one-valved. Found by 
Koenig in Tranquebar, near rivers. 
32. Andropogon binatum: fpikes twfin, woolly, one 
valve of the calyxes acuminate, the other truncate three¬ 
toothed, the larger petal awned. Obferved in the Eaft 
Indies by Koenig. 
33. Andropogon aciculatum : panicle contracted up¬ 
right, peduncles three-flowered, male flowers two pedi¬ 
celled acuminate, female feflile awned. Native of the Eaff 
Indies, in barren places. 
34. Andropogon Bladbii: fpikes about eight, herma¬ 
phrodite flofcule feffile awned, neuter peduncled ciliate 
awnlefs. Native of China, and fent from thence by Bladh. 
Vol. I. No. 43. \ 
AND 685 
33. Andropogon provinciale: fpikes fafcicled fmooth, 
flofcules alternate fubfeffile, direfled one way, awned. Na¬ 
tive ol the fouth of France ; from whence the leeds were 
fent by Dahl. 
Propagation and Culture. Few of thefe grades have been 
propagated in European gardens. The greater part of 
them would require the protection of a (tove, fince they 
are natives of the Eaft or Weft Indies. See Saccharum 
and Stipa. ' 
AN'DROS, one of the ancient Cyclades, lying between 
Tenedos and Eubcea; being one mile diftant from the for¬ 
mer, and ten from the latter. The ancients gave it va¬ 
rious names, viz. Cauros, Lafia, Nonagria, Epagris,' An- 
tandros, and Hydrufia. The name of Andros it received 
from Andreus, appointed, according to Diodorus Siculus, 
by Rhadamanthus, one of the generals, to govern the Cy¬ 
clades, after they had of their own accord fubmitted to 
him. As to the name of Antandros, the fame author tells 
us, that Afcanius the foil of yEneas, being taken prifoner 
by the Pelafgians, gave them this ifland for his ranfom, 
which on that account was called Antandros, or “ delivered 
for one man.” The name of Hydrufia it obtained in com¬ 
mon with other places well fupplied with water. It had 
formerly a city of great note, bearing the fame name, and 
fituated very advantageoufly on the brow of a hill, which 
commanded the whole coaft. In this city, according to 
Strabo and Pliny, flood a famous temple, dedicated to 
Bacchus. Near this temple, Mutianus, as quoted by Pliny, 
tells us, there was a fpring called the gift of Jupiter-, the 
water of which had the tafte of wine in the month of Ja¬ 
nuary, during the feafts of Bacchus, which killed feven 
days. The fame author adds, that the waters, if carried 
to a place whence the temple could not be feen, loft their 
miraculous tafte. Paufanias makes no mention of this 
fpring; but fays, that, during the feall of Bacchus, wine 
flowed, or was at leaft by the Andrians believed to flow, 
from the temple of that god. The. priells, no doubt, 
found their account in keeping up this belief, by convey¬ 
ing, through fecret conduits, a great quantity of wine in¬ 
to the temple. 
The Andrians were the firft of all the iflanders who 
joined the Perlians at the time Xerxes invaded Greece; 
and therefore Themiftocles, after the victory at Salamis, 
refolved to attack the city of Andros, and oblige the in¬ 
habitants to pay large contributions for the maintenance . 
ot his fleet. Having landed his men on the iflar.d, he fent 
heralds to the maglftrates, acquainting them, that the A- 
thenians were coming againft them with two powerful di¬ 
vinities, perfuafion and force ; and therefore they muft part 
with their money by fair means or foul. The Andrians 
replied, that they had likewife two mighty deities who 
were very fond of their ifland, viz. poverty and impojfibility; 
and therefore could give no money. Themiftocles, not 
fatisfied with this anfwer, laid liege to the town ; which 
he probably made himfelf mailer of and deftroyed, as we 
are informed by Plutarch, that Pericles, a few years after, 
fent thither a colony of 250 Athenians. It was, however, 
foon retaken by the Perlians ; and, on the overthrow of 
that empire by Alexander the Great, fubmitted to him, 
along with the other iflands. On iris death it tided with 
Antigonus, who was driven out by Ptolemy. The fuc 
ceffors of the laft-mentioned prince held it to the times of 
the Romans ; when Attains, king of Pergamqs, belieged 
the metropolis at the head of a Roman army ; and, hav¬ 
ing taken it, was by them put in poflelfion of the whole 
ifland. Upon the death of Attains, the republic claimed 
this ifland, as well as his other dominions, in virtue of his 
laft will. 
Andros is now fubject to the Turks ; and contains a 
town of the fame name, with a great many villages. It is 
the moll fruitful ifland in all the Archipelago, and yields 
a great quantity of filk. There are laid to be about 6000 
inhabitants, befides thofe of the villages Arni and Aniol- 
deos, who are about 200, have a different language and 
cuftoms, and are called Albanois. There are le.ven mo- 
S M nallerieSj 
