686 AND 
naileries, a great number or churches, and a cathedral for 
the biihops of the Roman catholic perfuafion; but moil of 
the inhabitants are of the Greek communion. The Jefuits 
had a hoiife and a church in this ifland; but they were 
forced to quit them long ago. Here are fome delightful 
valleys; but the air is bad, and the water of the city worfe. 
A cadi, aflifted by a few of the principal perfons of the 
ifland, has the management of civil affairs, and his refi- 
dence is in the caflle; an aga, who prefides over the mili¬ 
tary force, lives in a tower without the city. About two 
miles from the prefent town are Hill to be feen the ruins 
of a frrong wall, with the fragments of many columns, 
chapiters, bafes, broken (latues, and feveral infcriptions, 
dome of which mention the fenaie and people of Andros, 
•and the priefts of Bacchus ; from which it is probable 
that this was the fite of the ancient city, Lat. 37. 50. N. 
'Ion. 25. 30. E. 
Andros, an ifland in the Irifli fea, called Hedros by 
Ptolemy. Now Bardfey, aidant about a mile from the 
ccaft of North Wales. 
AN'DROS ACE, f. [av^go? fl-ar.o;, Gr. the fhield of a 
man, from the form of the calyx, in the common fpecies.] 
In botany, a genus of the pentandria monogynia clafs, 
ranking in the natural order of precise. The generic cha¬ 
racters are—Calyx: involucre many-leaved, many-flow¬ 
ered, very final!; perianthium one-leafed, five-cornered, 
femiquinquefid, acute, erebt, permanent. Corolla: mo- 
nopetalous, falver-fhaped; tube ovate, involved in the 
calyx ; border Hat, five-parted ; divifions ovate-oblong, 
obtufe, entire; throat befet with glands. Stamina: fila¬ 
ments very fhort, within the tube ; antherae oblong, erebt, 
included. Piftillum: germ globofe ; flyle filiform, very 
fhort; ftigma globofe, included. Pericarpium : capfule 
globofe, fitting on a Hat calyx, one-celled, opening into 
five parts at the top. Seeds: very many, roundifh, gib¬ 
bous on one fide, flat on the other. Receptaculum : erect, 
free.— EJfential Character. An involucre to the umbel ; 
tube of the corolla ovate, with a glandulous mouth ; cap¬ 
fule one-celled, globofe. 
Species. 1. Androface maxima, or oval-leaved andro- 
face : perianthinms of the fruit very large. There are fix 
or more feeds in a capfule ; they are dark brown or black- 
ifh, and (lightly pubefeent. The flowers appear in April, 
or the beginning of May; the feeds ripen in June, and 
ihe plants foon after perilh. It grows naturally among 
corn, in Auffria, Bohemia, and other parts of Germany, 
in the Valais, Piedmont, Carniola, and Hungary. Annual. 
2. Androface elongata, or clufter-flowered androface : 
leaves lanceolate-toothed, fruiting umbel elongate, corol¬ 
las fhorter than the angular calyx. Native of Auffria, near 
Vienna, up to the very luburbs. It flowers in April, and 
perfects its feeds in June. 
3. Androface feptentrionalis, or tooth-leaved androface: 
leaves lanceolate-toothed, fmocth ; perianthinms angular, 
fhorter than the corollas. Root annual, (according to 
Miller biennial.) Native of Lapland, Sweden, Denmark, 
Switzerland, Germany, Ruflia, in mountainous fituations. 
4. Androface villofa, or hairy androface: leaves hairy, 
perianthiums fhaggy. Root perennial. Common in the 
Suits Alps, Jura, &rc. in the mountains of Auffria and 
Carniola, in the Pyrenees, &c. 
5. Androface laiiiea, or grafs-leaved androface : leaves 
lanceolate, fmooth ; umbel many times larger than the in¬ 
volucres. Root perennial. Native of the mountains of 
Switzerland, Auffria, and Carniola. Flowering, as does 
the foregoing, in July and Auguff. 
6. Androface carnea, or awl-leaved androface: leaves 
awl-fhaped, fmooth; umbel equalling the involucres. Na¬ 
tive of the Alps and Pyrenees. 
7. Androface filiformis: leaves ovate-toothed pelioled, 
rays v of the umbel capillary, corollas exceeding the bell- 
ihaped calyx. It is a native of Siberia. 
Propagation and Culture. Thefe, being low plants, with 
final 1 flowers, making no great appearance, are only pre¬ 
ferred in botanic gardens. All the forts, except the iifft, 
AND 
require a fhady fituation. The feeds fhould be fown foort 
after they are ripe; otherwife they feldom grow the fame 
year. If permitted to fcatter, they will Come up of them- 
felves, and often fucceed better than thofe which are 
fown. The annual forts peri (h. as foon as the feeds are 
ripe ; but the others will live in an open border for feve¬ 
ral years, and require no other care, but to keep them 
clean from weeds. SeeA.RETiA. 
ANDRQSy£!MUM,/. in botany. See Hypericum. 
ANDRO'TOMY,/. [of amp and T£</.va/, Gr. to cut.J 
A diffeefion of human bodies. 
AN'DRUM,yi a kind of hydrocele, to which the peo¬ 
ple of Malabar are very fubject. Its origin is derived 
from the vicious quality of the country waters, impregna¬ 
ted with corrofive muriatic falts, the fource of mod other 
difeafes that affebt the Malabrians. Its figns or fymptoms 
are an eryfipelas of the ferotum, returning every new 
moon, by which the lymphatics, being eroded, pour a 
fe.-ous faline humour into the cavity of the ferotum. The 
andrum is incurable; thofe once feized with it have it for 
life: but it is not dangerous, nor very troublefome to 
thofe ufed to it; though-fome times it degenerates into an 
hydrofarcocele. The method of prevention is by a heap 
of fand fetched from a river of the province Mangatti, 
and ftrewed in the wells. This is pradtifed by the rich. 
As to the cure, they have only a palliative one ; which is 
by incifion, or tapping, and drawing oft’ the water from 
the ferotum once, in a month or two. 
ANDRY'ALA,/. [aiopos viri erratio, anxieta s ani- 
mi .] In botany, a genus of the fyngenefia polygamia asqua- 
lis clafs, ranking in tire natural order of compcfitx ferni- 
flafculofx. The generic charatters are—Calyx: common, 
many-parted, fhort, rounded, villofe; fca-les very many; 
fubequal, fubulate. Corolla: compound imbricate, uni¬ 
form; corollules hermaphrodite, numerous, equal; each 
ligulate, linear, truncate, five-toothed. Stamina : fila¬ 
ments five, capillary, very fhort; anthera cylindrical, tu- 
bulofe. Piftillum: germ ovate; ftyle filiform, the length 
of the flamens; ftigmas two, reflex. Pericarpium: none 7 
calyx converging, globofe. Seeds: folitary, ovate; down 
capillary, the length of the calyx. Receptaculum: vil¬ 
lofe, flattifh.— EJJential CharaEler. Receptaculum villofe; 
calyx many-parted, fubequal, rounded j'dovvn finiple, feffile. 
Species. 1. Andryala integrifolia, or hoary andryala: 
lower leaves runcinate; upper ovate-oblong, tomentofe. 
Near a foot and a half in height, with woolly branching 
ftems, having leaves fcatteringly fet on them, which are 
oblong and downy. The flowers are yellow, and are pro¬ 
duced in fmall clufters at the top of the ftalks. It flowers 
in July, and the feeds ripen in September. This fpecies 
is annual, growing naturally in the foutli of France, Spain, 
Italy, and Sicily. 
2. Andryala cheiranthifolia, or various-leaved andryana: 
leaves runcinate; upper ones lanceolate, entire; down 
glanduliferous. Native of the ifland of Madeira. Ob- 
ferved there by Mr. Francis Maffon, and introduced in 
1777. It is perennial, three feet high, and full of milk. 
3. Andryala pinnatifida, or pinnatifid-leaved andryala: 
leaves tomentofe, pinnatifid ; calyxes tomentofe, hairy p 
hairs rather ftiff. A native of Madeira, and of the Cana¬ 
ry iflands; and was found there by Mr. Francis Maffon. 
It is biennial, and flowers in July and Auguft. 
4. Andryala crithmifolia, or famphire-leaved andryala : 
leaves pinnate, linear, tomentofe. Native of Madeira. 
It is bienniat, and flowers from June to Auguft. 
5. Andryala ragufina, or downy andryala : leaves lance¬ 
olate, undivided, denticulate, acute, tomentofe, flowers fo¬ 
litary. One yellow flower terminates every branch in June 
and July. This plant, being very hoary, makes a pretty 
appearance, intermixed with others whofe leaves are green. 
It will not live abroad, except in a dry foil and warm fitu- 
tuation, Robert More, Efq. fent it from Spain; it has 
alfo been received from the Cape and Algiers. Linnseus 
fays it is a native of the iflands of the Archipelago. 
6. Andryala lanata, or woolly andryala: leaves oblong. 
ovate, 
