6 9 S A N G 
ture and the height of their ftation, came at length to en¬ 
tertain fo little refpect for their Creator, as to be guilty of 
downright rebellion and apoflafy. It is certain front fcrip- 
ture, that thefe fallen angels were in great numbers, and 
that there was alio fome order and fubordination prefer- 
ved among them; one efpeciallv being confidered as tlteir 
prince, and called by feveral names, Beelzebub, Satan, or 
Sammad, by tlie Jews; Ahdrimam by the Perlians ; and 
F.'olis by tiie Mahometans. Tlteir conftant employment is 
not only doing evil themfelves, but endeavouring by all arts 
and means to Teditce and pervert mankind, by tempting 
them to all kinds of (in, and thereby bringing them into 
the fame defperate State with themfelves; 
Angel is likc/rife a title given to bishops of feveral 
churches, in this fenfe is St. Paul underlfood by fome 
authors, where he fays', “ Women ought to be covered in 
the church, becaufe of the angels.” The learned Dr. Pri- 
deaux obferves, that the miniSler of the fynagogue, who 
officiated in offering up tire public prayers, being the mouth 
of the congregation, delegated by them as their reprefen - 
tative, mellenger, or angel, to fpeak to God in prayer tor 
them, was therefore, in the Hebrew language, called the 
angel of the church.; and from thence the bifhops of the 
feven churches of Alia are, by a name borrowed-from the 
fynagogue, called the angels of thole churches. 
Angel, in commerce, the name of a gold coin formerly 
current in England. It had its-name from the figure of 
an angel reprefented upon it, weighed four pennyweights, 
and was twenty-three and a half carats fine. It had dif¬ 
ferent values in different reigns ; but is at prefent only an 
imaginary fum, or money of account, implying ten (hillings. 
Angel, adj. Refembling angels ; angelical: 
I have mark’d 
A thoufand blufhing apparitions 
Start into her face; a thoufand innocent fhames 
In angel vvhitcneS's bear away thole blulhes. Shakefpeare. 
Or virgins visited by angel powers, 
With golden crowns, and wreaths of heav’nly flow’rs. Pope. 
Angel Fish,/! in ichthyology, a fpecies of fqualus. 
See Sqjjalus. 
Angel-like, adj. Refembling an angel: 
In heav’n itfelf thou fure wert dreft 
With that angel-like difguife. Waller. 
Angel-shot, f. [perhaps properly angle-Jhot , being 
folded together with a hinge.] Chain-fhot, being a can¬ 
non bullet cut in two, and the halves being joined toge¬ 
ther by a chain. 
ANGE'LIC, adj. [angclicus, Lat.] Partaking of the 
nature of angels ; angelical; above human: 
My fancy form’d thee of angelic kind, 
Some emanation of th’ all-beauteous mind. Pope. 
Angei.jc Garment (angelica vcjlis), among our an- 
ceftors, was a monkifh garment, which laymen put on a 
little before their death, that they might have the benefit 
of the prayers of the monks. It was from them called 
angelical, becaufe they were called angcli who by thefe 
prayers anitnee Jaluti fuccin rebant. Hence, where we read 
the phrafe movachus ad fuccurrendum in our old books, it 
muff be underftood of one who had put on the habit when 
he was at the point of death. 
ANGE'LICA,y. [from the angelic or fuppofed fuper- 
excellent qualities of the roots and feeds.] In botany, a 
genus of the pentandria digynia clafs, ranking in the na¬ 
tural order of umbellatae or umbelliferse. The generic 
characters are —Calyx: univerfal umbel manifold, round- 
ifh ; partial, when flowering exadly globular; univerfal 
involucre three or five leaved, (mall; partial eight-leaved, 
fmall ; proper perianthium five-toothed, fcarcely obferva- 
ble. Corolla: univerfal uniform; flofcules all fertile, 
partial, petals five, equal, lanceolate, flattilh, incurved, 
caducous. Stamina : filaments fimplc, longer than the 
corolla; anther* Ample. Piftillum: germ inferior; ftyles 
A N G 
reflex; fligmas obtufe; Pericarpium : none; fruit round- 
ilh, angular, fo lid, bipartite. Seed's: two, ovate; fiat on 
one fide, and margined; convex on the other, fcored with 
three lines.— EJJenVial Character. Fruit roundifh, angular, 
folid, with reflex ftyles. Corollas equal, with petals bent 
inwards. 
Species, i. Angelica archangelica, or garden angelica : 
the odd leaflet of the leaves lobed. Root thick, branched, 
very long, brown on the outfide, white within. Fruit el¬ 
liptic, fwelling, lens-fhaped, (lightly emarginate at both 
ends, grooved .and winged, whitifli or pale ftraw-colour ; 
Iplitting into two feeds, which are convex on one fide, 
with a ((iff marginal wing, and three on the back fimilar 
to it; flat on the other fide, with a (ingle railed longitudi¬ 
nal (freak. This is the ftruCfure of the'feeds in the gar¬ 
den plant; the wild one has no dorfal wings, but only 
three curved filings, and thole very low ones. Scopoli re¬ 
marks, that, in this fpecies, the back oi* the feed is more 
convex than in the fylvefiris, and truly furrowed ; lo that 
it cannot be faid to be marked with lines, but to be realiy 
angular. Native of the northern parts of Europe. It 
flowers with us from June to Ar.gulf; and was cultivated 
here in 1568. Mr. Miller makes a diffindt fpecies of the 
angelica which grows naturally in Hungary and fome parts 
of Germany. He affirms, that, fronvmany years experience 
in the culture of this plant, he could never obferve any 
alteration in it; for all the plants which he railed from 
feeds proved exactly the fame as the parent plant; ar.d, 
when planted in the fame foil with the common fort, they 
were twice their (ize. The leaves were alfo much larger, 
and deeper fawed on the edges, the umbels much larger, 
and the flowers were yellow. The (talks of garden ange¬ 
lica were formerly blanched, and eaten as celeri. The 
young (hoots are in great efteem among the Laplanders. 
In Norway bread is fometimes made of the roots. The 
gardeners near London, who have ditches of water run¬ 
ning through their gardens, propagate great quantities of 
this plant, for which they have a large demand from the 
confectioners, who make a fweetmeat with the tender ftalks 
of it cut in May. The roots are one of the principal aro¬ 
matics of European growth, though not much regarded in 
the prefent practice. The other parts of the plant have 
the lame flavour, but their a£tive principles are far more 
perifhable. The feeds, which come neareft to the roots, 
can fcarcely be kept till the fpring after they are gathered. 
Thefe, however, are the only part of the plant which is 
ordered by the London college, and that only in compound 
fpirit of anifeed. The college formerly directed the roots 
brought from Spain to be kept in the fliops; but they are 
probably more efficacious on their native northern moun¬ 
tains; and accordingly that direction is now dropped. 
2. Angelica fylveftris, or wild angelica : leaflets equal, 
ovate-lanceolate, ferrate. Our wild angelica grows to the 
height of fix feet, with a fmooth ftem. The fruit has four 
wings, and three ridges on each fide. It is perennial, and 
is found common in moift woods and hedges, and by the 
lides of rivers, flowering in July and Auguft. This, pof- 
fefling only the fame properties with garden angelica in a 
far lower degree, lias been long neglected. The herb, 
however, dyes a good yellow. 
3. Angelica verticillaris : leaves very much divaricate, 
leaflets ovate, ferrate, Item verticilled with peduncles. 
Height of tlie Item fix feet and more, with a glaucous 
bloom on it. Flowers green. A native of Italy and Silefia. 
4. Angelica atropurpurea, or purple angelica: the out- 
ermolt pair of leaves coadjoined; the terminal leaf petioled. 
A native of North America. 
5. Angelica lucida, or fluffing angelica : leaflets equal, 
ovate, gain-ferrate. It flowers in June, and the feeds ripen 
in Auguft. Native of Canada. 
6. Angelica Razulii : leaves bipinnate, leaflets lanceo¬ 
late, ferrate, decurrent. Native of tlie Apennines and 
Piedmontefe mountains. It was found on the former by 
M. Raiouls, an apothecary at Perpignan, whence the tri¬ 
vial name. 
Propagation 
