7 o 5 A N G 
as (be bad {Worn to do, for the murder of her fon. Zin¬ 
gha’s next fcheme was to rid herfelf of the Portuguqfe, 
who had effablifhed themfelves in fuch a manner as to be 
alriioft entire matters of Angola. They had built fortreffes 
on every convenient fpot that fuited them, efpecially near 
her principal towns, which they could level with the 
ground with the greateft eafe. They had engroffed all 
her commerce, were become very wealthy, and their num¬ 
bers increafed daily; fo that they were dreaded not only 
by her fubjefts, but by all the neighbouring nations. As 
Zingha was of a martial temper, fhe did not long hefitate. 
She quickly made ail necelfary provifions, ftrengthened 
herfelf by alliances with the Giagas, and other idolatrous 
nations, and even with the Dutch, and the king of Congo. 
With this combined force fne attacked the Portuguefe fo 
fuddehly and unexpectedly, that die gained fome advan¬ 
tages over them ; and the Dutch made themfelves maf- 
ters of San Paulo de Loando, and foon after of fome of 
the bed provinces in the kingdom. 
Zingha’s fticceffes, however, proved but fliort lived. 
Pier allies, the Congoefe, were fo completely overthrown, 
that they were forced to flic'for peace; which the Portu¬ 
guese did r.ot grant till they had obtained a fufficient num¬ 
ber of hoflages, and obliged the Congoefe to deliver up 
to them fome confiderable pods, upon which they imme¬ 
diately ereCled fortreffes. Zingha’s troops were now de¬ 
feated in every quarter; and thefe defeats followed one 
another fo clofe, that die was foon abandoned, not only 
by her allies, but by her own troops. She was alfo con- 
drained to abandon her dominions, and retire to l’ome of 
the eaftern deferts, whither the Portuguefe did not think 
it worth while to follow her. Zingha being reduced to 
this didrefs, the Portuguefe, after giving her fome time 
to ruminate on her lituation, fent her propofals of peace, 
upon condition that die fliould become tributary to the 
crown of Portugal. This propofal fhe rejected with fcorn ; 
and let them know, that, however her dadardly fubjects 
might fubmiffively and diamefully behave towards them, 
their queen difdained fubjection to any foreign power. On 
this haughty anfwer the Portuguefe, to mortify her dill 
more, let up a king in her place. The perfon they pitched 
Upon was named Angola Oarij, or Aaru, who was of the 
royal family. Before he was crowned, the Portuguefe 
obliged him to turn Chridian; and he was accordingly 
baptifed by the name of John. The new king, however, 
foon died of grief, at feeing himfelf fo hardly treated by 
bis maders the Portuguefe. They quickly fet up another, 
named Philip; who bore the yoke with more patience, 
and lived to the year 1660. 
In the mean time Zingha, exafperated at feeing herfelf 
deprived of eleven of the bed provinces in her dominions, 
and her authority in the remaining fix greatly weakened, 
renounced the Chridian religion, to which fhe had become 
a proielyte, and embraced all the horrid cudoms of the 
Giagas, whom die outdid even in their own barbarity. In 
eating human flefh, Zingha not only joined them, but took 
pleafure in devouring the raw fledi of human victims, and 
drinking the blood while warm, both at Iter facrifices and 
at her public meals. She affected a martial and heroic 
fpirit, together witli an utter averfion to the malefex; 
bitt, according to the Portuguefe, maintained a number 
of the dronged and ludied youths, in whole embraces fhe 
fumetimes indulged her inclinations, and managed matters 
with fuch fecrefy that her intrigues could not eafily be 
dii'covered. At the fame time die ordered many of her 
own fex to be ripped up, when their incontinency was ma- 
nifeded by their pregnancy; and their bodies, with thofe 
of the infants, to be cad to wild beads. But w hat made 
her mofhadmired, as well as dreaded, by her fubjeCls, was 
a notion that fhe had by various dratagems inculcated 
among them, of her being able to penetrate into the mod 
tec ret thoughts. To keep up their apprehenfion, (lie or¬ 
dered the bones of her deceafed brother to be brought 
from the ifland where lie was poiloned, locked up in a 
O L A. 
ched covered with coarfe plates of (liver, and laid on a 
fine carpet upon a pededal. A number of fingliillos, or 
prieds, were ordered to offer facrifices to the bones, and 
to keep lamps continually burning before them. To this 
place fhe herfelf frequently repaired, to affid at thofe rites, 
which, as die gave out, and every body believed, engaged 
the fpirit of the deceafed to inform her of every thing that 
was done, faid, or even defigned, either in the kingdom 
or out of it. To procure, however, as much real intelli¬ 
gence as poflible, fh§ kept vad numbers of fpies all over 
the kingdom, who condantly gave her notice of what 
happened in their refpedive circles; and this die f'o cun¬ 
ningly improved to her own ends, that her fubjeds looked 
upon her as a kind of deity from whom nothing could be 
concealed. 
By thefe means, Zingha gained fuch authority over the 
Giagas, that they were ready, at the very fird indication 
of her will, to follow her through the mod dreadful dan¬ 
gers, and to engage in tire mod defperate enterprizes. 
She now made many drenuous and daring ed’orts to drive 
out the Portuguefe; but though die had, in all probabi¬ 
lity, more valour and lkill than her enemies, the fire-arms 
gave them fuch an advantage, that fhe was always defeated 
with great lofs. Perceiving, therefore, the folly of attempts 
of this kind, (he contented herfelf with making continual 
inroads into their country, carrying off or dedroying every 
thing that fell in her way. Though die fpared neither 
Europeans nor blacks, who were fubjeCts of the mock- 
monarchs fet up by the Portuguefe, yet the cafe of the 
former was peculiarly dreadful when they happened to be 
taken prifoners. They were either roafted by a flow fire, 
or had their flefli cut off in pieces, and devoured before 
their faces, in the manner related by Dr. Bruce of the 
Abyffinian oxen. In this manner fhe infeded the Portu¬ 
guefe territories for twenty-eight years, fcarce ever allow¬ 
ing them a moment’s ceffation of arms. Their mock-kings 
were often obliged to fhelter themfelves from her fury in 
an inacceflible rock, called Maopongo ; and they themfelves 
could never hope to enjoy their dominions witii any kind 
of peace fo long as this furious queen continued alive. 
They in vain attempted either to reduce her by force, or 
to mollify her by prefents. The one fhe rejected with dif- 
dain, and always found means to baffle tire other. Nor 
would die hearken to any terms, unlefs they confented to 
refign all their conqueds. The refufal of this demand was 
fo commonly followed by fome marks of her refentment, 
that it was with the utmod difficulty the Portuguefe could 
prevail on any body to carry their propofals to her; and, 
as for Zingha, die difdained to make any to them, except 
thofe of the hodile kind. The terror of her arms procu¬ 
red her a free paffage wherever fhe diretied her courfe ; 
all the inhabitants of a province making no lefs hade to 
abandon than die to invade it. Thus fhe continued to 
advance, till die reached the (mall ifland of Dangii, in the 
river Coanza. The Portuguefe now found themfelves un¬ 
der a neceffity of raiding an army of negroes to oppofe her. 
Accordingly they furrounded the ifland, and intrenched 
themfelves along the banks on both fides of the river; 
but, while they were bufy at their work, Zingha attacked 
them with fuch advantage, that (lie killed and wounded 
feveral hundreds of the blacks, and fome of the white 
men. Elated with this advantage, (lie was preparing for 
another attack ; when fhe perceived, to her fitrprife, that 
the Portuguefe had drawn their lines fo clofe, and railed 
them to fuch a height, that they overlooked her whole 
camp, and could fire upon her at pleafure. Thus great 
numbers of her men were cut off, particularly her chief 
officers. The queen, perceiving the danger of her fitua- 
tion, amufed the Portuguefe with propofals of an accom¬ 
modation ; and, having obtained a truce for three days, 
croffed the river in the dead of the night, and led her 
forces to the province of Oacco. The next morning, the 
Portuguefe, feeing no human creature upon the ifland, be¬ 
gan to apprehend fome new (Iratagem; but, upon land- 
