A N I 
merous progeny, and is foon, in every refpeft, as perfect 
tin animal as that from which it was fevered. 
In the annexed plate we have given an exadt reprefen- 
tation of thefe curious animals. Fig. i, reprefents the 
frelh-water polype, with its tentacula or arms extended 
upwards. Fig. 2, fliews the fame animal, with its young 
branching from it, and putting out their claws for food, 
pjcr. 3, reprefents the animal carnation-flower of the rocks 
near Haftings in Suffex, with its tentacles extended in 
fearch of food. Fig- 4, is an exa£t view of the fea-ane- 
mone. Fig. 5, fliews the head of the animal-flower of 
Barbadoes.° Fig. 6, is a brilliant difplay of the fea-fun- 
flower animal, with its innumerable tentacles expanded to 
catch its prey, which being allured to it by its elegant 
appearance, they clofe inllantly upon it, and convey it to 
the interior concavity or mouth. Fig. 7, reprefents a cluf- 
ter of the animal-flower defcribed by Mr. Ellis, in the 
Weft-lndia iflands, in which a fhews one of the animals 
ftretching out its tentacles in quell of food. Fig. 8, is a 
perpendicular diffeftion of one of the fame animals, in or¬ 
der to Ihew the gullet, intellines, llomach, and fibres or 
tendons, that move the claws. 
Animal-Life. See Life. 
Animal-Magnetism. See Magnetism. 
Animal-Oeconomy. See Physiology. 
Animal-System, denotes the whole clafs of beings 
endowed with animal life, otherwife called Animal- 
Kingdoms. 
Animals, the preparations of, for colledtions or m«- 
feums. See Birds, and Zoology. 
Pairing of Animals. See Pairing. 
Animal, adj. That which belongs or relates to ani¬ 
mals. AnimaLfunBiotis, diltinguifhed from natural and vital, 
are the lower powers of the mind, as the will, memory, 
and imagination. Animal-life is oppofed, on one fide, to 
Untclledual, and, on the other, to vegetable. Animal is ufed 
inoppofition to fpiritual or rational-, as, The animal nature. 
ANIMAL'CULE,/: A diminutive of the word animal-, 
that is, they are fuch little creatures as require to be view¬ 
ed through glades, to difcern them diltindtly. Rain, as 
foon as it falls, contains many animalcules, but fnow ftill 
more ; the dew on glafs windows is full of them. In boiled 
water they retain their lhape, and fometimes revive. The 
animalcules get in fitoals in the fluid they fwim in, and, if 
difturbed, they feparate as fifli in a pond, and will be many 
hours before they are collected together. They follow 
their liquor in which they fwim to the lad drop, and then, 
for want of it, they feem to druggie and die j after their 
apparent death, put water to them, and they revive. When 
feemingiy dead they are very flat, but, if not pad regain, 
they foon recover their plumpnefs. Animalcules chufe 
the furface of liquors, probably for the want of air. Dip a 
needle-point into the oil of vitriol, then into a drop of liquor 
in which thefe animalcules are, and they inflantly fpread 
about to evade the acid, and foon drop down dead. If 
the needle is dipped in a dilution of common fait, or in 
the tinfture of fait of tartar, the fame is obferved to fol¬ 
low. Sugar, urine, and blood, fpeedily deflroy them. 
Default, and fome others, endeavour to prove that all 
difeafes are owing to animalcules; but it does not appear, 
that any animal fabflance contains animalcules until it be¬ 
comes putrid, and then thefe are the effect rather than the 
caufe of difeafes. 
Thefe little animals are fo different from thofe of the 
larger kinds, that fcarce any fort of analogy feems to exilt 
between them ; and one would almofi be tempted to think 
that they lived in confequence of laws directly oppolite to 
thole which preferve ourfelves and other visible animals 
in exiltence. They have been fyftematicallv arranged by 
O. F. Muller; though it is by no means probable that 
all the different dalles have yet been difcoveved. Such 
as have been obferved, however, are by this author di¬ 
vided in the following manner; and a few of the molt cu¬ 
rious of them are reprefented in the annexed plate, exadtly 
as they appear through the microfcope. 
Voi. 1 . No. 45. 
A N I 7 i 7 
I. Such as have no external organs, 
1. Monas: Pundtiforma. A mere point. 
2. Proteus: Mutabilis. Mutable. 
3. Vo!vox: Sphaericum. Spherical. 
4. Enchylis: Cylindracea. Cylindrical. 
5. Vibrio: Elongatum. Long. 
* Membranaceous. 
6. Cyclidium: Ovale. Oval. 
7. Paramecium: Oblongum. Oblong. 
8. Kolpoda: Sinuatum. Sinuous. 
9. Gonium : Angulatum. With angles. 
10. Burfaria. Hollow like a purfe. 
II. Thofe that have external organs. 
* Naked, or not inclofed in a (hell. 
1. Cercaria: Caudatum. With a tail. 
2. Trichoda: Crinitum. Hairy. 
3. Kerona: Corniculatum. With horns. 
4. Himantopus : Cirratum. Cirrated. 
5. Leucophra: Ciliatum undique. Every part ciliated* 
6. Vorticella: Ciliatum apice. The apex ciliated. 
* Covered with a (hell. 
7. Brachionus : Ciliatum apice. The apex ciliated. 
I. Monas. This is defined to be “ an invifible (to 
the naked eye), pellucid, fimple, punftiform, worm;” 
but of which, (mail as it is, there are feveral fpecies. 
1. The monas termo, or gelatinofa, is a fmall jelly-like point, 
which can be but imperfectly feen by the Angle micro¬ 
fcope, and not at all by the compound one. In a full 
light they totally difappear, by reafon of their tranfpa- 
rency. Some infufions are fo full of them, that fcarce 
the lead empty (pace can be perceived ; the water itfelf 
appearing compofed of innumerable globular points, in 
which a motion may be perceived fomewhat iimilur to 
that which is obferved when the fun’s rays (hine on the 
water ; the whole multitude of animals appearing in com¬ 
motion like a hive of bees. This animal is very common 
in ditch-water, and in almofi: all infufions of animal or 
vegetable fubltances. 2. Monas atomus, or albida ; white 
monas with a variable point: this appears like a white 
point, which through a high magnifier appears fomewhat 
egg-(haped. The (mailer end is generally marked with a 
black point, the (ituation of which is variable; fometimes 
it appears on the large end, and fometimes there are two 
black (pots in the middle. This fpecies was found in fey- 
water, which had been kept through the whole winter, 
but was not very fetid. 3. Monas punElum, or nigra , black 
monas: this was found in a fetid infufion of pears, and 
appears in form of a very minute, opaque, and blaok, 
point, moving with a (low and wavering motion. 4. Mr- 
nas ocellus, tranfparent like talc, with a point in the mid¬ 
dle: this is found in ditches covered with conferva, and 
fometimes with the cyclidium milium ; the margin of it 
is black, with a black point in the middle. 5. Monas lens, 
or hyalina-, of a talcy appearance: this is found in all 
kinds of water; fometimes even in that which is pure, but 
always in the fummer-time in ditch-water. It is found 
alfo in all infufions of animal or vegetable fubftances, whe¬ 
ther in frelh or fait water; myriads being contained in a 
(ingle drop. It is found likewife in the filth of the teeth. 
It is nearly of a round figure, and fo tranfparent, that it 
is impofiible to difeover the lead vefiige of intefiiner. 
They generally appear in chillers, but fometimes lingly. 
Thefe and the animalcules of the firlt fpecies are (b uu-e 
merous, that they exceed all calculation even in a very 
fmall fpace. 6. Monas mica, marked with a circle: this 
is found in the purelt waters, and may be dilcovered with 
the third lens of the Tingle microfcope when the magnify¬ 
ing power is increafed. It appears like a fmall lucid point, 
but can affume an oval or fpherical lhape at pleafure ; 
fometimes the appearance of two kidneys may be perceiv¬ 
ed in its body- It feems encompafied with a beautiful 
halo, which is thought to be occaiioned by the vibration 
of line invifible hairs. It has a variety of motions, and 
8 U often 
