ANN 
Mazarine founded this queen refpefling the marriage of 
her fon Lewis Xiy. with one of his nieces, the nobly re¬ 
plied, “ If the king was capable of degrading himfelf fo 
far, I would put myfelf with my fecond fon at the head 
of the whole French nation againft the king and againft 
you.” At the duchefs of Norfolk’s feat at Holme, near 
Hereford, there is a whole-length portrait of the princefs, 
with this infcription, “ Anne rcine dt Fra?ice, grojfc de fex 
mois ; Jail par Beaubrun 1638:” and indeed the queen’s 
pregnancy is pretty vilible in the picture. 
Si. Anne’s Day, a feftival of the Chridian church, ce¬ 
lebrated by the Latins On the 26th of July, but by the 
Greeks on the 9th of December. It is kept in honour of 
Anne, or Anna, mother of the Virgin Mary. 
To ANNE'AL, v.a. [cclan, Sax. to heat.] Toheat glafs, 
that the colours laid on it may be fixed : 
But when thou doll anneal in glafs thy llory, 
.-then the light and glory 
More rev’rend grows, and more doth win, 
Which elfe thews wat’rifli, bleak, and thin. Herbert. 
To heat glafs after it is blown, that it may not break. To 
heat any thing in fuch a manner as to give it the true 
temper. 
ANNE'ALING, f. by the workmen called nealing, is 
particularly ufed in tempering glafs. It confifts in placing 
the bottles, &c. whilft hot, in a kind of oven or furnace, 
where they are futtered to cool gradually; they would 
othervvife be too brittle for life. Metals are rendered 
hard and brittle by hammering : they are therefore made 
red-hot, in order to recover their malleability ; and this 
is called nealing. The difference between unannealed and 
annealed glafs, with refpedt to brittlenefs, is very remark¬ 
able. When an unannealed glafs-veflel is broken, it often 
flies into a fmall powder, with a violence feemingly very 
unproportioned to the ftroke it has received. In general, 
it is in greater danger of breaking from a very flight ffroke 
than from one of fome confiderable force. One of thofe 
veffels will often refill the effefls of a piftol-bullet dropt 
into it from the height of two or three feet; yet a fmall 
angular pebble falling into it will make it burft into fmall 
fragments. This takes place fometimes immediately on 
dropping the pebble into it: but often the veffel will (land 
for feveral minutes after, feemingly fecure; and then, 
without any new injury, it will fly to pieces. If the vef- 
fel be very thin, it does not break in this manner, but 
feems to poflefs all the properties of annealed glafs. The 
fame phenomena are dill more Itrikingly feen in glafs drops 
or tears. They are globular at one end, and taper to a 
fmall tail at the other. They are the drops which fall 
from the melted glafs on the rods on which the bottles are 
made. They drop into the tubs of water which are ufed 
in the work ; and the greater part of them burll immedi¬ 
ately in the water. When thofe that remain entire are ex¬ 
amined, they difeover all the properties of unannealed 
glafs in the higheft degree. They will bear a fmart ftroke 
on the thick end without breaking; but, if the fmall tail be 
broken, they burft into fmall powder with a loud explo- 
flon. They appear to burft with more violence, and the 
powder is fmailer, in an exhaufted receiver than in the open 
air. When they are annealed, they lofe thefe properties. 
Some attempt to account for this phenomenon, by fuppo- 
fing that the hidden cold applied to the furface forms a 
ftrong coat by which the particles within are prevented 
from expanding as glafs naturally does in palling from a 
fluid to a folid (late. On the breaking of any part of 
this hard cafe, the particles are fuppofed to be fet at liberty, 
and thus produce an explolion. This theory however 
will not bear examination, though it mull be confelfed 
philofophy does not furnilh us with any that is better. See 
Glass. 
A procefs fimilar to what is praflifed with glafs is now 
ufed for rendering kettles and other veffels of call-iron 
lefs brittle: of it the fame explanation may be given. 
Vol. 1 . Nq. 46, 
ANN 733 
The greater number of metals diminilh in bulk when they 
pafs from a fluid to a folid ftate; but iron, on the contra¬ 
ry, expands. Forged iron has long been procured, by 
placing a mafs of call-iron under large hammers, and ma¬ 
king it undergo violent and repeated compreflion. A pro¬ 
cefs is now ufed for converting call-iron into forged, by 
heat alone. The call-iron is placed in an air-furnace, and 
kept for feveral hours in a degree of heat, by which it is 
brought near to a fluid ftate. It is then allowed to cool 
gradually, and is found to be converted into a lubftance 
fimilar to forged iron. Tins procefs is conducted under a 
patent; although, if Reaumur’s experiments upon call- 
iron be confulted, it will appear not to be a new difeo- 
very. By thefe experiments it is afeertained, that, if caft- 
iron be expofed for any length of time to a heat conlidera- 
bly below its melting point, the texture and properties 
are not changed: but, if it be kept in a heat near the 
melting point, the furface loon becomes lameliated like 
forged-iron; and the lameliated ftruTure extends farther 
into the mafs in proportion to the length of time in which 
it is expofed to that degree of heat. When it is conti¬ 
nued for a fufticient time, and then allowed to cool gra¬ 
dually, it is found to poflefs the lameliated ftrudture 
throughout. See Iron. 
AN'NECY, a city of Savoy, feated between Charn- 
berry and Geneva, on the banks of a lake of the fame 
name, from whence run feveral brooks, which flow thro’ 
the town, and form a river. There are piazzas in mod 
of the ftreets, which ferve to flielter the inhabitants from 
rain. It has feveral collegiate and parifh churches, as well 
as convents for men and women. The lake is about nine 
miles long and four broad. Lat. 45.53. N. Ion. 6. 12. E. 
AN'NESLEY (Arthur), earl of Anglefey, and lord 
privy feal in the reign of Charles II. was the fon of Sir 
Francis Annefley, Bart, and was born at Dublin on the ioih 
of July, 1614. He vras of the univerfity of Oxford, and 
afterwards ftudied the law at Lincoln’s Inn. He had a 
confiderable fliare in the public tranfaflions of the (ixteenth 
century: for in the beginning of the civil war he fat in 
the parliament held at Oxford; but afterwards became 
reconciled to the oppolite party, and was fent commiflioner 
to Ulfter, to oppofe the defigns of the rebel Owen Roe 
O’Neal. He engaged in feveral other affairs with great 
fuccefs. He was prefident of the council of ftate after 
the death of Cromwell, and was principally concerned in 
bringing about the refloration : foon after which, Cha. II. 
railed him to the dignity of a baron, by the title of lord 
Annefley, of Neivport-Pagnel, Bucks; and a Ihort time 
after, he was made earl of Anglefey. During that reign 
he was made treafurer of the navy, and lord privy feal. 
In October 1680, his lordfliip was charged by Dangerfield, 
in an information delivered upon oath, at the bar of the 
houfe of commons, with endeavouring to ftifle evidence 
in relation to the popifli plot. The unealinefs he received 
from this attack did not prevent his fpeaking his opinion 
freely in the houfe of lords, particularly in regard to the 
popifli plot. About the fame time he anfwered lord Caf- 
tlehaven’s Memoirs, in which that nobleman endeavoured 
to paint the Irifli rebellion in the lighted colours; and a 
(harp difpute was raifed, which ended in the feals being 
taken from him. He poflefled great abilities, had uncom¬ 
mon learning, and was well acquainted with the conftitu- 
tion and laws of England. He wrote, befides his Ani- 
madverfions on Caftlehaven’s Memoirs, i.The Privileges 
of the Houfe of Lords and Commons ftated. 2. A Dif- 
courfe on the Houfe of Lords. 3. Memoirs. 4. The 
Hiftory of the Troubles in Ireland, from the rebellion in 1641 
till the refloration. 5. Truth unveiled, in behalf of the 
Church of England; and fome other works. He died in 
April 1686, in the 73d year of his age; and was fucceed- 
ed by his fon James. 
To ANNE'X, v. a. \_anneElo, annexum, Lat. annexer , Fr. J 
To unite to at the end; as, He annexed a codicil to his will. 
To unite, as a fmailer thing to a greater; as, He annexed 
9 A a province 
