744 A N S 
man, and confined him in prifon. In this reverfe of for¬ 
tune, his fituation excited tlie pity of a girl who was Have 
to the gaoler, and ihe determined to give him his liberty: 
an opportunity foon offered to effect her defign. One day 
when the gaoler was gone to bed intoxicated, and in a pro¬ 
found deep, ihe gently took the keys from under his pillow, 
and, after opening the door to the old man, returned them 
to their place unperceived by her mailer. The next day, 
when the gaoler went to vifit his prifoner, he was extreme¬ 
ly aftonifhed at finding he had made his efcape, and the 
more fo fince the prifon-door was locked, and he could 
perceive no marks of violence. He therefore judicicufly 
concluded he had been delivered by an angel, and eagerly 
fpread the report, to avoid the reprehenfion he merited : 
tiie old man, on the other hand, ailerted the fame tiling to 
his difciples, and preached his doctrines with more ear- 
neffnefs than ever. He even wrote a book, in which, 
among other things, he fays, ‘ I have feen Clirift, who is 
the word of God, who is Ahmad, fen of Mohammad, Ion 
of Kanafa, of ihe race of Ali; who alfo is Gabriel: and 
he faid to me, Thou art he who reade.th with underdand- 
ing; thou art the,man who fpeaketh truth; thou art the 
camel which preferred! the faithful from wrath; thou art 
the beaft which carrieth their burden ; thou art the Spirit, 
and John, the fon of Zachary. Go, and preach toymen, 
that they make four genuflections in praying ; two before 
the riling of the fun, and two before his fetting, turning 
their faces towards Jerufalem.’ This old man, palling into 
Syria, propagated his opinions among the lower orders of 
the country people, numbers of whom believed in him : 
and after a few years he went away, and no one ever knew 
what became of him.” Such was the origin of the Anfa- 
rians, who are, for the mod part, inhabitants of the moun¬ 
tains before-mentioned. 
The Anfaria are divided into fevera! tribes or feels; 
among which are didinguidied the Shamfia, or adorers of 
tire fun ; the Kelbia, or worfhippers of the dog; and the 
Kadmoufia, who are faid to pay a particular homage to 
that part in women which correfponds to the priapus. 
Many of the Anfaria believe in the metempfyehofis; others 
rejeCt the immortality of the foul; and in general, in that 
civil and religious anarchy, that ignorance and rudenefs, 
which prevail among them, thefe peafants adopt what opi¬ 
nions they think proper, following the feCt they like bell, 
and frequently attaching themfelves to none. Their coun¬ 
try is divided into three principal diUriels, farmed by the 
chiefs called Mohaddamim. Their tribute is paid to the 
pacha of Tripoli, from whom they annually receive their 
title. Their mountains are in general not fo deep as thofe 
of Lebanon, and consequently are better adapted to cul¬ 
tivation ; but. they are alfo more expoled to the Turks; 
and hence, doubtlefs, it happens, that with greater plenty 
of coni, tobacco, wines, and olives, they are more thinly 
Inhabited than thofe of their neighbours, the Maronites 
and the Druzes. 
AN'SATED, adj. [anfatus, Lai.] Having handles ; or 
fomethmg in the form of handles. 
ANSli',\ar, ancient town of France, in the late Lyonnis, 
ten miles north of Lyons. T.at. 45.55. N. Ion. 6. 55. 
AN'SELM, \_Hanfzhelm, Tent, a defender of his com¬ 
panions.] A proper name of men. 
An'seim, archbidtop of Canterbury, in the reigns of 
William Rufus and Henry I. He was born in the year 
303.3, f.t Aoft, a town in Savoy, at the foot of the Alps. 
He became a monk in the abbey of Bee, in Normandy ;' 
of which lie was afterwards chofen prior, and then abbot. 
In the year 1092, he was invited to England by Hugh earl 
of Cheder ; and in the year following was made archbi- 
fhop of Canterbury. He enjoined celibacy on the clergy; 
for which he was baniflied by king Rufus, but recalled by 
Henry at his coming to the crown. He refilled to confe- 
crate inch bifbops as were inveded by the king, according 
to pope Urban’s decree; flatly denying it to be the king’s 
prerogative: for this he was oufled" again; till, the pope 
wild king agreeing, he was recalled in j 107. At the coun- 
A N S 
cil of Bari, in the kingdom of Naples, the pope bein*-- 
puzzled by the arguments of the Greeks againfl the Holy 
Ghofl’s proceeding from the Father, he called upon A.n- 
feim, who-was prefent, and lie difcidfed -their cbjeflions 
with great ap'plaufe. He wrought many miracles, if we 
believe the author of his life, both before and after his 
death, which happened at Canterbury, in the 76th year of 
his age, anno 1109. He was canoniled in the reign of 
Henry VII. Anfelm, though we may difregard him as a 
faint, deferves to be remembered as one of the principal 
revivers of literature, after three centuries of profound ig¬ 
norance. His works have been printed at Nuremb. 1491. 
Paris, 1544 and 1549. fenice, 1549. Cologne, 1373 and' 
1612. Lyons, 1630. But the bed edition is that of fa¬ 
ther Gerberon, printed at Paris in 1675. It is divided 
into three parts; the fird contains dogmatical tradls, and 
is intitled Mpnologia ; the fecond contains p radii cal and 
devotional tracts ; the third part confids of letters, in four 
books. 
AN'SER, f. in ornithology, the trivial name of a fpe. 
cies of Anas. See Anas. 
A.nser, in adronomy, a fmall dar, of the fifth or fixth 
magnitude, in the milky way, between the fwan and eagle, 
fird brought into order by Hevelius. 
AN 'SERES, f the name which Linnaeus gives to his 
third order of birds. See Zoology. 
ANSE'RINA, f in botany. See Potentilla. 
ANSISA'RII, or Ansiva'rii, an ancient people of. 
Germany, fituated in the neighbourhood of the Cliauci. 
All we know of their hi dory is, that, in the reign of the 
emperor Nero, they were driven from their own poflef- 
fions by the Chauci. Being then in a forlorn condition, 
they took podeflion of fome uninhabited lands, which had 
been ufed as padure for the horfes of the Roman foldiers. 
They were led by one Boiocalus, a man of great valour, 
and of known fidelity to the Romans. Pie remondrated to 
the Romans, who objected to their taking podeflion of 
thefe lands, That the territory in difpute was large; and 
requeded, that it might be allowed to an unhappy people, 
driven from their own habitations ; that, at the lame time, 
wide tradls might be retained for the horfes and cattle of 
the foldiers to graze in ; that it was inconfident with hu¬ 
manity to familh men in order to feed beads, &c. and at 
lad, lifting up his eyes to heaven, he afked the celedial 
luminaries how they could behold a defolate foil, and if 
they would not more judly let loofe the lea to fwal.low up 
ufurpers, who had engrofled tire whole earth ? To this the 
Roman commander, Avitus, replied, That the vveaked 
mult fubmit to the dronged ; and, that fince the gods, to 
whom they had appealed, had left the fovereign judgment 
to the Romans, they were refolved to fuffer no other 
judges than themfelves. To Boiocalus himfelf, however, 
he privately offered lands, as a reward for his long attach¬ 
ment to the Romans: but this offer the brave German 
rejected, as a price for betraying his people ; adding, “ A 
place to live in we may want, but a place to die in we 
cannot.” The Anfibarii now invited the neighbouring 
nations to join them againd the Romans; but they, dread¬ 
ing the power of that nation, refufed to give them anv 
aflidance : upon which they applied to the neighbouring 
nations, begging leave to fettle in their territories; but, 
being every where driven out as enemies and intruders, 
thefe unhappy people were reduced to wander up and down, 
till every one of them perilhed. 
AN'SIKO, a kingdom of Africa, bounded on the wed 
by the river Umbre, which runs into the Zaire, the king¬ 
dom of Wangua, and the Amboes who border on Loango ; 
on the north, by fome deferts of Nubia ; and on the fouth, 
by Songo and Sonda, provinces of Congo. Here are great 
numbers of wild beads, as lions, rhinocerofes, &c. and 
many copper-mines. The king of Anfiko, or the great 
Macoco, commands thirteen kingdoms, and is edeemed 
the mod powerful monarch in Africa. The inhabitants of 
Angola have a tradition, that this is the proper country of 
the Giagas, who came originally from Sierra Leona, and 
1 over-ran 
