of flowers, or from its luxuriance.] In botany, a genus of 
the fyngenelia polygamia fuperflua clafs, in the natural 
order of compolitte tlifcoide;e. 1 he generic characters 
are—Calyxu common hemifpherical; fcales linear, fub- 
equal. Corolla: compound radiate; corollules herma¬ 
phrodite, tubular, numerous in a convex difk ; females 
more than five in the ray ; proper of the hermaphrodite 
funnel-fhaped, five-toothed, eredt; of the female ligulate, 
lanceolate, fometimes three-toothed. Stamina: in the her¬ 
maphrodites ; filaments five, capillary, very fhort; an¬ 
thers cylindrical, tubular. Piftillum : in the hermaphro¬ 
dites; germ oblong; ftyle filiform, the length of the fta- 
inens ; (tigmas two reflex ; in the females, germ oblong; 
ftyle filiform, the length of the hermaphrodites; ftigmas 
two, revolute. Pericarpium: none; calyx unchanged: 
Seeds : folitary, oblong ; down margined or none. Recep- 
taculum : chatty, convex, or conical .—EJcntial CharaBcr. 
Receptaculum, chaffy ; down, none; calyx, hemifpherical, 
nearly equal ; flofcules of the ray more than five. 
Species. 1 . With a difcolour or white ray. i. Anthe- 
mis cota : chaffs of the flowers rigid, pungent. A native 
of Italy and Spain; growing in ploughed fields. Annual. 
2. Anthemis altiffima, or tall chamomile: eredt, with 
leaves pinnate; the bafes of the pinnas rough with a re¬ 
flex toothlet. Annual; and grows wild in the fouth of 
France, Italy, and Spain. 
3. Anthemis maritima, or fea chamomile : leaves pin¬ 
nate, toothletted, flelhy, naked, dotted; fteni proftrate; 
calyxes rather tomentofe. The flowers have the fmell of 
feverfew. It grows wild about Montpellier, and in Italy; 
and flowers in°July and Auguft. 
4. Anthemis tomentofa, or downy chamomile: leaves 
pinnatifid, obtufe, flat, peduncles ftiaggv, leafy; calyxes 
tomentofe. A native of Greece, Italy, and France. 
5. Anthemis mixta, or fimple-leaved chamomile: leaves 
Ample, jagged, toothed. Annual. Grows wild in Italy 
and France? It was cultivated in 1731, by Mr. Miller. 
6. Anthemis alpina, or alpine chamomile : leaves tooth- 
pinnate," quite entire, linear; ftem villofe, one-flowered; 
petals ovate, chaffs fphacelate. Grows wild in the Ty- 
lolefe Alps, Monte Baido, Tubingen, Piedmont, &c. 
Perennial. 
7. Anthemis chia, or cut-leaved chamomile : leaves 
rsinnatifid, lagged ; peduncles naked, fubvilloie. It was 
obferved by f ournefort in the ifle of Chios. 
j>. Anthemis nobilis, or common or fweet chamomile : 
leaves pinnate-compound, linear, acute, fubvilloie. Root 
perennial. Abundant in Cornwall, and in moft of the dry 
commons in Surrey ; flowering In July and Auguft. The 
leaves and flowers of common chamomile have a ftrong 
not ungrateful fmell, and a very bitter naufeous tafte. 
The latter are more bitter, and considerably more aromatic, 
than the leaves. The fmell as well as the tafte is rather 
improved by careful drying, and does not loon fuffe-r any 
confiderable diminution in keeping. An intufion of the 
flowers is olten uled as a Itomachic, ami as an untifpaf- 
modic. In large quantities it excites vomiting. The pow¬ 
dered flowers, in large dofes, have cured agues, even when 
the bark had failed? Both the leaves and flowers poflefs 
very confiderable antifeptic properties, and are therefore 
vfed in antifeptic fomentations and poultices. From their 
a'ntifpafmodic powers they are frequently found to relieve 
pain, either applied externally, or taken internally. In 
the London Pharmacopoeia, an extraT of the flowers is 
directed. The Angle flowers are ordered to be kept, and 
with »ood reafon ; the white florets of the ray, which are 
multiplied in the double flowers, being almoft taftelefs ; 
notwithftanding this, double flowers only are to be found 
in the fliops. 
o. Anthemis arvenfis, or corn chamomile : receptacles 
conic, chaffs briftle-lhaped; feeds crown-margined ; leaves 
thinly downed. Root biennial. It is a common weed in 
corn in moft parts of Europe; and flowers in June and 
July. Linnteus thus diftinguilhes this from the eleventh 
fpecies, or ftinking mayweed. The appearance and ftature 
A N T 
is..the fame in both, hut the ftalks are more difl'ufed in 
this; the peduncles longer, with only four or five (freaks 
or fine grooves, whereas that has about eight; the leaves 
are more hoary and inodorous. In plants that have fo 
much refemblance as we find in feveral of this clafs, we 
can fcarcely be too minute in diferiminating them. 
10. Anthemis auftriaca, or Auftrian chamomile : .recep¬ 
tacles conic, chaffs oblong, mucronate, feeds naked, leaves 
bipinnate vvoolly-villofe. Root annual. The leaves, but 
efpecially the flowers, have a powerful fmell of matricaria 
officinalis, with fomething of the chamomile : the tafte is 
bitter. Native of Auftria, by way-fides and in corn-fields, 
fometimes covering the fallows. Flowers all the fuminer. 
11. Anthemis cotula, or (linking-chamomile or mayweed: 
receptacles conic, chaffs briftly, feeds naked, leaves fmooth. 
Stinking chamomile or mayweed is an annual plant, the 
whole of which is extremely fetid and acrid, fo as to blif- 
ter the (kin of thofe who handle it; the acrid matter pro¬ 
bably relides in fmall glands, which are viable only with 
a nv.crofcope. The petals vary much in length and 
breadth, and it is found with double flowers. Linnaeus 
obferves, that the flowers are alfo fometimes proliferous ; 
th.e difk being filled with fmaller flowers, which are com¬ 
pound themfelves, and have abundance of aphides among, 
them. He adds, that it is a very grateful plant to toads; 
and, from Loefelius, that it drives away fleas; is very difi- 
agreeable to bees, and is given as a medicine to fheep in- 
fefted with the afthma. It has never been much in life as 
a medicine, nor are its effefts well known Decoftions of 
it are laid to have been ufed as a bath or fomentation 
againft hyftcric fuffocations, and haemorrhoidul pains and 
fwellings. Mr. Ray fays, that it lias been given inter¬ 
nally, with fuccefs, in fcropluilous cafes. It is a common 
weed by way-fides, on dung-hills, and in corn-fields, where 
it fometimes abounds fo much as greatly to diminifh the 
crop. Mr. Curtis very juftly obferves, that farmers are 
not aware of the amazing increafe from a Angle plant of. 
this and Come other weeds, which they fuffer to exhauft 
their dunghills, in order to be difperfed afterwards over 
their fields. It flowers from May to Auguft. Mr. Cur¬ 
tis lias admirably well diftinguifhed this plant from malri - 
curia chamomilla , which it greatly refembles, by the follow¬ 
ing circumftances. The whole plant in that puts on a 
deep green colour, and fomewhat ihining appearance; this 
on the contrary aflumes a much paler hue, and the ftalk is 
often covered with a kind of woolly fubftance : the leaves 
in matricaria are nearly as fine as thofe of fennel, which 
they diftantly refemble ; in the anthemis they are almoft 
twice as broad, and their points, whicli in that are fimple, 
in this are often bifid. The radial florets of the anthemis 
are in general much broader, and fomewhat fhorter : the 
difk in this is not fo prominent, but of a lighter yellow 
than in matricaria. If the heads of that are bruifed, they 
emit a ftrong fmell, fomewhat refembling that of true cha¬ 
momile, but not fo pleafant; but thole of anthemis are 
intolerably difagreeable; thefe, when handled, blifterthe 
fkin, which thofe of matricaria do not. The feeds of an¬ 
themis are broad, truncate, wrinkled, and deep brown ; 
thofe of matricaria are much fmaller, paler, and different 
in fhape. 
12. Anthemis pyrethrum, or Spanifli chamomile, or 
pellitory of Spain: ftems fimple, one-flowered, decum¬ 
bent, leaves pinnate multifid. Root perennial, thick, run¬ 
ning down a foot or more into the ground, about as big 
as a man’s finger, the colour of horfe-radifh, white with¬ 
in, of an acrid biting tafte. Flower large, the florets of 
the ray purple on the outfide. Mr. Miller fays, the firft 
time he railed this plant was in 1732, from feeds picked 
out of raifins, and the year after the plants produced feeds, 
which ripened well, and the plants raifed from thefe feeds 
continued feveral years, but did not perfect their feeds; 
fo that, in the winter of 1753, the old roots being deftroy- 
ed, lie loft the fpecies. It is a native of the Levant, and 
the fouthern parts of Europe, and was cultivated in 1370. 
The root, on being chewed, excites a glowing heat, and 
produces 
