ANT 
golden colour are intermixed, which is called male antimony ; 
that without them being denominated female antimony. It 
fufes'in the fire, though with fome difficulty ; and dilfolves 
more eafily in water. It deftroys and dilfipates all metals 
fufed with it, except gold; and is therefore ufeful in re¬ 
fining. It is a common ingredient in fpeculums, or burn- 
ingconcaves; ferving to give them a finer polifh. It makes 
a part in bell-metal; and renders tire found more clear. It 
is mingled with tin, to make it more hard, white, and 
found ; and with lead, in the calling of printers’ types, to 
render them more fmooth and firm. It is a general help 
in the melting of metals, and efpecially in calling of can¬ 
non ball. Antimony found its way into medical practice 
with great difficulty; the ancients confidered it as a poi- 
fon, and only fit for external ufes. Bafil Valentine, in the 
fifteenth century, firft brought it into vogue as an internal 
medicine, publilhed a work called Currus triumphalis 
Antimonii; but it foon loft its repute, until Paracelfus 
railed its credit again, after which it was received and re¬ 
jected feveral times, until, by the fuccefs of empyrics, it 
acquired an eftubliffied place in regular praCtice; and is 
now jultly ranked with the molt valuable part of the ma¬ 
teria medica. In its crude Hate, notwithftanding what 
has been faid by many authors of its efficacy in rheumatic, 
cancerous, and other, cafes, it appears from repeated tri¬ 
als to be an inert fubftance with regard to the human 
body ; yet it is ordered by fome phyiicians to be taken 
from one fcruple to a dram, two or three times a day, in 
cutaneous and leprous diforders, in its levigated ftate. Its 
preparations are, in general, ufed both as alteratives and 
evacuants, and hardly any article in the materia medica 
will admit of fo extenlive a ufe in acute difeafes, as well as 
chronical; fome of them are equally a principal in the 
cure, the varieties of thefe complaints requiring fome dif¬ 
ference in their adjuncts. In fevers of the inflammatory 
and putrid kinds, antimonials are alike the proper remedy; 
and in chronical difeafes, whether from the rigid or lax 
habit, they may be depended on. They promote all the 
fecretions and excretions, particularly thole of the (kin, 
inteftines, urinary paflages, and falival ducts, by gently ir¬ 
ritating the whole nervous and vafcular compages. If gi¬ 
ven in fmall doles, gradually increafing them, yet keeping 
to that proportion which excites no fenfible difeharge, 
they are efficacious in regenerating a healthy ftate of the 
blood; for this purpofe their effects are not fo fpeedy as 
thofe of iron, but they are more lading. Thus it is eafy 
to perceive how juftly it is aliened that antimonials are 
curative in fo many diforders, and thofe too of oppolite na¬ 
tures. As auxiliary to other medicines, on which the cure 
more direCtly depends, their efficacy is no lefs to be admi¬ 
red; they quicken their aCtion and increafe their powers, 
particularly thofe by which any evacuation is to be pro¬ 
moted ; mixed in under-doles with fuch medicines, their 
operation is generally more eafy too; as an expectorate, 
fome of its preparations excel; and provoke the falivary 
difeharge in the fame manner as when mercury hath been 
freely taken; but that made by antimony is ropy, whereas 
that with mercury is very thin. If any preparation of an¬ 
timony is too free in its operation upwards, it may be car¬ 
ried through the inteftines by taking a little common fait 
in any fmall drink made warm, or it is reltrained by a 
draught of water acidulated with the acidum vitrioli dilu- 
tum. The preparations of this drug are very numerous, 
for which fee Chemistry, Pharmacy, See. 
The virtues of antimony in the difeafes of the horfe and 
other animals are alfo juftly extolled. The virtues of this 
drug in fattening cattle have been thought imaginary, but 
experiment proves it to be a real truth. A horfe that is 
lean and fcabby, and not to be fatted by any other means, 
w ill become fat by taking a dole of antimony every morn¬ 
ing for about two months. If to a boar fed for brawn an 
ounce of antimony be given every morning, he will be¬ 
come fat a fortnight fooner than others fed in tire fame 
manner, but without the antimony. 
AMI INEPHRI'T IC, ]. [from «vrij and npyuKj a pain 
ANT 767 
in the kidnies.] Remedies againit diforders of the reins 
and the kidnies. 
ANTIN'OE, a city of Egypt. See Enfine'. 
ANTINOEI'A, f. in antiquity, annual facrifices, and 
quinquennial games, in memory of Antinous the Bithy- 
nian. They were inftituted at the command of Adrian the 
Roman emperor, at Mantineain Arcadia, where Antinous 
was honoured with a temple and divine worlhip. 
ANTINO'MIANS, f. [«mvoy,t«, of asm, againit, and 
vo/Ao?, the law, Gr.] In eccleiiaftical hillory, certain here¬ 
tics who maintain the law of no ufe or obligation under 
the gofpel-difpenfatioii, or who hold doctrines that clearly 
fuperfede the necellity of good works and a virtuous life. 
The antinomians took their origin from John Agricola 
about the year 1538 ; who taught, that the law is no ways 
neceflary under the gofpel; that good works do not pro¬ 
mote our falvation, nor ill ones hinder it.; that repentance 
is not to be preached from the decalogue, but only from 
the gofpel. Luther, Rutherford, Schlufleiburg, Sedg¬ 
wick, Gataker, Witfius, Bull, Williams, Ac. have writ¬ 
ten refutations; Crifp, Richardion, Saltmarfh, Sec. defen¬ 
ces, of the antinomians; Wigandus, a companion be¬ 
tween ancient and modern antinomians. The moderns 
held, that the keeping of Mofes’s law was unprofitable 
under the gofpel, and that children are born without lin ; 
and that good works do not further, nor evil hinder, but 
that faith alone is fufficient for, falvation. 
AN'TINOMY, f. [jfrom avri and Jo/Ao;. J A contradic¬ 
tion between two laws, or two articles of the fame law.— 
Antinomies are almoft unavoidable in fuch variety oi opini¬ 
ons and anfwers. Baker. 
AN'IT'NOUS, the favourite of Adrian,, was born at Bi- 
thynus in Bithynia. His beauty engaged the heart of Adri¬ 
an- in fuch a manner, that there never was a more bound- 
lefs and extravagant paffion than that of this emperor to¬ 
wards this youth. After his death the emperor ordered 
divine honours to be paid to him; and he alfo erected a 
city to his honour, calling it Antinopolis, and in it a mag¬ 
nificent temple.—The name of one of Penelope’s fuitors, 
who adviled his companions to deftroy Telemachus; and 
even (truck Ulylfes, when he came to the palace in a beg¬ 
gar’s drefs, imploring for bread. 
Anti'nous, in. aftronomy, a part of the conftellation 
aquilo , or the eagle. 
AN'TIOCH, a city of Syria in Alia, (ituated on the ri¬ 
ver Orontes, in lat. 36. 20. N. Ion. 37. 5. E. It was built 
by Seleucus Nicator, founder of the Syro-Macedonian 
empire, who made it his capital. It ftood on the above- 
mentioned river, about twenty miles from the place where 
it empties itfelf into the Mediterranean; being equally 
diftant from Conftantionople and Alexandria in Egypt, 
that is, about 700 miles from each. Seleucus called it 
Antioch , from his father’s name, according to fome; or 
from that of his fon, according to others. He built fix- 
te^n other cities bearing the fame name; of which one, 
fituated in Piiidia, is probably that where the name of 
Chrijlians was firft given to-the followers of Jefus Chrift. 
But that fituated on the Orontes, by far eclipfed, not only 
all others of this name, but all the cities built by Seleucus. 
Antigonus, not long before, had founded a city in that 
neighbourhood, which from his own name he called Anti- 
gonia, and defigned it for the capital of his empire ; but it 
was rated to the ground by Seleucus, who employed the 
materials in building his metropolis, and alfo tranfplanted 
the inhabitants thither. 
The city of Antioch was afterwards known by the name 
of Tetrapolis, being divided as it w'ere into four cities, each 
of them being furrounded with its proper wall, betides a 
common one which enclofed them all. The firft was built 
by Seleucus Nicator, already mentioned ; the fecond by 
thofe who flocked thither on its being made the capital of 
the Cyro-Macedonian empire ; the third by Seleucus Ca!- 
linicus ; and the fourth by Antiochus Epiphanes.—About 
four or five miles diftant, ftood a place a called Daphne, 
which was reckoned a fuburb of Antioch. Here Seleu¬ 
cus 
