772 ANT 
claws furrounding a cup in the centre, which probably is 
their mouth. This fpecies fpreads itfelf with a broad 
bale on a coral rock. The bone, or hard part, when 
broke obliquely, horizontally Ihows that the internal as 
well as external layers are full of little fpines. It is of a 
hard horny black fhining fubftance, brittle almoftas glafs. 
2. Antipathes ulex,or furze-like antipathes: very much 
branched, with fcattered fpreading very rough fubulate 
branches. Inhabits the Indian Ocean; deep black, with 
irregularly difpofed and varioufly directed ovate cavities 
dii'perl'ed about the branches of a browniflt-yellow colour, 
and fuppofed to be the ovaries. See Helminthology Plate 
V. 5- . 
3. Antipathes alopecurioides, or fox-tail antipathes : 
with fpinous fetaceous clofely-panicled branches. Inha¬ 
bits South Carolina, about two feet high, and rifes from a 
broad ip re ad bafe, dividing into feveral large branches 
fiat on one fide with a groove along the middle; it then 
fubdivides into fmaller branches, forming clofe panicles 
not unlike the fox-tail grafs; the outfide greyiih, the in- 
fide black and very brittle. 
4. Antipathes cupreffus, or cyprefs antipathes: grow¬ 
ing in the form of a fimple rough panicle, with recurved 
branches; about two feet long, and covered with a brown- 
iili down, under which it is deep black. Linnaeus claffed 
this elegant fea-product ion under his genus Gorgonia, to 
which it is very nearly allied ; but the flefh of this tribe 
is fo remarkably gelatinous, and the whole bone, or hard 
part, is fo covered with fpines, which even are to be dif- 
tinguifhed in the interior iaminae, that there is fufficient 
realon for making it of another genus, which has been 
done by Gmelin. There is a molt elegant fpecimen in 
the Britilh Mufeum, and very good figures of it in Rum- 
phius and Seba,from the latter of which our defign, fig. 3, 
js taken. It grows in the Ealt-Indian Ocean, among the 
Spice Iflands. 
5. Antipathes orichalcea, or braky antipathes : of a 
horny fubftance, and in colour a bright brown, like brafs. 
Stems a foot long, llraight, with finall alternate knots or 
knobs, and each terminating in a brufh-like appearance, as 
in the preceding. Inhabits the Indian Ocean ; alfo Eng¬ 
land and Scotland. See fig. 4. 
6. Antipathes lubpinnata: branched, pinnate, rough, 
with fetaceous alternate fubdivifions, and a few others 
proceeding tranfverfely from them. Inhabits the Medi¬ 
terranean ; cinereous, with amber fpines. 
7. Antipathes myriophylla : with numerous incurved 
pinnate branches, the fubdivifions with other fmaller pin¬ 
nules on the upper fide. Inhabits the Indian Ocean, and 
has the appearance of a fine lhady Ihrub ; very rough, and 
yellowifh-brown. 
8. Antipathes dichotoma: very long, dichotomous, and 
upright. Inhabits the Mediterranean ; two feet high, 
round, dulky. 
9. Antipathes clathrata: very much branched, intri¬ 
cate, with confufed fubdivifions every-where coalefcing, 
the younger ones fetaceous. Inhabits the Indian Ocean ; 
a foot long, and black within. 
10. Antipathes flabellum : dilated, very much branch¬ 
ed and fubdivided, the fubdivifions branching both ways, 
and cohering together in a reticulate manner. Inhabits 
the Indian Ocean ; half a foot wide, black, rough. 
11. Antipathes pennacea: branched, fomewhat incurv¬ 
ed, the branches with fetaceous very-crowded rough fub- 
divifions. Inhabits the Indian Ocean; about a foot high, 
and nearly as thick at the Hem ; grey, within black. 
12. Antipathes ericoides : very much branched, very 
rough, black, with fcattered branches covered every-where 
with fubulate divilions. Inhabits the Indian Ocean; a 
foot high, black. 
ANTIPATHETICAL, adj. Having a natural contra¬ 
riety to any thing.—The loil is fat and luxurious, and an¬ 
tipathetical to all venomous creatures. dowel. 
ANTIPATHETIC ALNESS, f. The quality or ftate 
of having a natural contrariety fo any thing. 
3 
ANT 
ANTIP'ATHY, [from am, againfl:, and feel¬ 
ing, Gr. antipat/lie, Fr.] A natural contrariety to any thing, 
fo as to fhun it voluntarily; averfion ; difiike. It is op- 
poled to fympathy. It has foraetimes the particle againjl 
before the objeCt of antipathy.—I had a mortal antipathy 
againfl Handing armies in times of peace ; becaufe I took 
armies to be hired by the maker of the family to keep his 
children in flavery. Swift. —Sometimes to : 
A(k you, what provocation I have had ? 
The ftrong antipathy of good to bad. 
When truth, or virtue, an affront endures, 
Th’ affront is mine, my friend, and fhould beyour's. Pope „ 
Formerly with ; but improperly—Tangible bodies have 
an antipathy with air: and any liquid body, that is more 
denfe, they will draw, condenfe, and, in effect, incorpo¬ 
rate. Bacon. 
With refpect to the doctrine of antipathies, phyfically 
confidered, it is defined to be, “a natural horror and de- 
teftation, an infuperable hatred, an involuntary averfion, 
which a fenfitive being feels for fome other objeft, what¬ 
ever it is, though the perfon who feels this abhorrence is 
entirely ignorant of its caufe, and can by no means ac¬ 
count for it.” Such is, they fay, the natural and recipro¬ 
cal hoftility between the falamander and the tortoife; be¬ 
tween the toad and the weafel; or between fheep and 
wolves. Such is the invincible averfion of particular per- 
fons againii cats, mice, fpiders, &c. a prepoffeflion which 
is fometimes fo violent, as to make them faint at the fight 
of thefe animals. Of thefe, and a thoufand other antipa¬ 
thies, the ancient naturalifts, the fchoolmen, and the vul¬ 
gar, form fo many legends; and relate them as certain 
fads, that they may demand an explication of them from 
the philofophers. But thefe fages begin with invefligating 
whether fuch antipathies aftually exift or not. 
To explore the matter without prejudice, we fliall find 
it neceffary to abftraft from the fubjedls of this difquifi- 
tion, 1. All fuch antipathies as are not afeertained ; as 
that which is fuppofed to be felt by hens at the found of 
an harp whole firings are made of a fox’s bowels, between 
the falamander and the tortoife, and between the weafel 
and the toad. Nothing is lefs confirmed, or rather nothing 
is more falfe, than thefe fafls, with which vulgar creduli¬ 
ty and ailonilliment are amuled and actuated : and, though 
fome of thefe antipathies fhould be afeertained, this would 
be no proof that the animals which feel them are not ac¬ 
quainted with their caufes, according to their mode and 
proportion of knowledge ; in which cafe it will be no lon¬ 
ger the antipathy which we have defined. 
2. We mull abftract thofe antipathies which can be ex- 
tinguifhed or refumed at pleafure; thofe fictitious aver- 
fions, which certain perfons feel, or pretend to feel, with 
affected airs, that they may appear more precife and fini¬ 
cal, or Angularly and prodigioufly elegant; that they may 
feem to have qualities fo exquifitely fine, as require" to be 
treated with peculiar delicacy. P One who beftows any at¬ 
tention on the fubjecl, would be aflonifhed to find how 
many of thefe chimerical averfions there are, which are 
pretended, and palled upon the world by thofe who affedt 
them as natural and unconquerable. 
3. When we abftraCt thofe averfions the caufes of which 
are known and evident, we fliall be furprifed to find how 
finall, how inconfiderable, is the quantity of thofe which 
are conformable to our definition. Will any one pretend 
to call by the name of antipathy, thofe real, innate, and 
inconteftible, averfions which prevail between fheep and 
.wolves? Their caufe is obvious ; the wolf devours the 
fheep, and fubfifts upon its victims ; and every animal na¬ 
turally flies with terror from pain or dellruCtion: fheep 
ought therefore to regard wolves with horror, which for 
their nutrition tear and mangle the unrefifling prey. From 
principles fimilar to this, arifes that averfion which num¬ 
bers of people feel againit ferpents ; againfl finall animals, 
fuch as reptiles in general, and the greateft number of in¬ 
fers. 
