ANT 
ft:Sts. During the credulous and fufceptible period of in¬ 
fancy, pains have been taken to imprefs on our minds the 
frightful idea that they are venomous; that their bite is 
mortal ; that their fting is dangerous, produStive of tor¬ 
menting inflammations or tumours, and fometimes fatal. 
Thefe horrible prepolfdTions are indudrioufly inculcated 
from our infancy; and often l'upported by difmal tales, 
which are greedily imbibed, and indelibly engraven on 
our memories. Is it then wonderful, if thefe falfe im- 
preflions have neither been corrected by future reflections 
nor experiments, that we fhould entertain, during our 
whole lives, an averiiou for fuch objeCls, even when we 
have forgot the admonitions, the couverfations, and ex¬ 
amples, which have taught us to believe and to regard 
them as noxious beings ? The frightful (lories of dogs 
and cats, which have gone mad, and killed their mailers, 
or which have given them mortal wounds, are more than 
fufficient to jnfpire a timorous perfon with an averfion for 
thefe animals ; and, if the olfadlory nerves of fuch a per- 
lon be delicate, he will immediately difcover the fmell of 
them in his chamber: didurbed by the apprehenfion which 
thefe eftluvia excite in his mind, he gives himfelf up to 
the mod violent uneafinefs, which is tranquillized when 
he is alfured that the animal is no longer in the room. All 
this is nothing but the effeft of a childifh fear, founded 
on certain confided and exaggerated ideas of the hazard 
which one may run with thefe animals. The antipathy 
which fome people entertain againd eels, though they are 
eaten by others with avidity, arifes from nothing but the 
fear of ferpents, to which thefe fifties are in fome degree 
fimilar. There are likewife other antipathies which do 
not originate in the imagination, but arife from fome na¬ 
tural incongruity; fuch as we often remark in children, 
for particular kinds of vi&uals, with which their fade is 
not offended, but which their domachs cannot digeft, and 
are therefore thrown up as fcon as (wallowed. 
To what then are thofe antipathies, of which we have 
heard fo much, reducible > Either to legendary tales, or 
to averfions againd objeCls which we believe dangerous; 
or to a childifli terror of imaginary perils; or to a difrelidi, 
of which the caufe is difguifed ; or to a ridiculous aft'efta- 
tion of delicacy ; or to an infirmity of the flomach ; in a 
word, to a real or pretended reluctance for tilings which 
are either inveded, or fuppofed to be inveded, with qua¬ 
lities hurtful to us. Too much care cannot be taken in 
preventing, or regulating, the antipathies of children ; in 
familiarifing them with objeCts of every kind; in difcover- 
ing to them, without emotion, fuch as are dangerous ; in 
teaching them the means of defence and fecurity, or the 
methods of efcaping their noxious influence : and, when 
the rational powers are matured by age, in reflecting on 
the nature of thofe objeCts which we fear, in afcertaining 
what has been told concerning their qualities, or in vigo- 
roufly operating upon our own dilpofitions to overcome 
thofe vain repugnancies which we may feel. 
Antipathy, in ethics, hatred, averfion, repugnancy. 
Hatred is entertained againd perfons ; averfion, and antipa¬ 
thy, indifcriminately againd perfons or things; and re¬ 
pugnancy, againd aCtions alone. Hatred is more voluntary 
than averfion, antipathy, or repugnancy. Thefe lad have 
greater adinity with the animal conditution. The caufes 
of antipathy are lefs known than thofe of averdon. Re¬ 
pugnancy is lefs permanent than either the one or the 
other. We hate a vicious character, we feel averfion to 
its exertions: we are affeCted with antipathy for certain 
perfons at firffc fight; there are fome affairs which we tranf- 
aclwith repugnancy; hatred calumniates; averfion keeps 
us at a dillance from certain perfons: antipathy makes us 
deled them '; repugnancy hinders us from imitating them. 
ANTIPA'TRIS, a town of Paledine, anciently called 
Caphar-Saba, according to Jofephus, but named Antipatris 
by Herod the Great, in honour of his father Antipater. 
It was fituated in a pleafant valley, in the way from Jeru- 
falem to Csefarea. 
ANTIPELAR/GIA, f. among the ancients, a law, 
Vol. i. No. 49. 
whereby children are obliged to furniffi necedaries to their 
aged parents. The ciconia, or dork, is a bird famous for 
the care it takes of its parents when grown old. Hence, 
in fome Latin writers, this is rendered lex ciconiaria, or 
the dork’s law. 
ANTIPERISTA'SIS, f. [from am^e'^raatj, formed 
of am, and nrt-girupai, Gr. to dand round.] The oppo- 
dtion of a contrary quality, by which the quality it op¬ 
poses becomes heightened or intended ; or the aidion by 
Which a body, attacked by another, collects itfelf, and 
becomes dronger by fuch oppodtion ; or an intention of 
the activity of one quality caufed by the oppodtiop of ano¬ 
ther. Thus quicklime is fet on fire by the afi'ulion of cold 
water ; fo water becomes warmer in winter than in fum- 
rner; and thunder and lightning are excited in the middle 
region of the air, which is continually cold, and all by an- 
tiperijlafis. This is an exploded principle in the Peripa¬ 
tetic philofopliy.—The riotous prodigal dcteds covetuouf- 
nefs ; yet let him find the fprings grow dry which feed his 
luxury, covetuoufnefs dial! be called in: and fo, by a 
drange antiperifafis, prodigality diall beget rapine. Decay 
of Piety . 
ANTIPESTILEN'TIAL, ad), [from anti, and po¬ 
tential. ] Efficacious againd the infection of the plague.—. 
Perfumes correct the air before it is attracted by the lungs ; 
or, rather, antipefilential unguents, to anoint the nodrils 
with. Harvey. 
ANTI'PHATF.S, king of the Lasdrigones, who were 
faid to be cannibals. Ulyfles, returning from Troy, came 
upon his coafts, and fent three men to examine the coun¬ 
try. Antiphates devoured one of them, and purfued the 
others, and funk the deet of Ulylfes with dones, except 
the fltip in which Ulylfes was. 
ANTIPHLOGrS'TICS,/. [am, againd, and pApyo«?, 
inflammation.] Medicines or remedies fuited to re (iff, di- 
miniffi, or cure, inflammation, or an inflammatory diathefis. 
of the conditution. Under which head may be tiafled all 
watery diluents, cooling faline aperients, diaphoretics, and 
diuretics ; antimonials in fmall doles ; but particularly 
bleeding , general and topical. Befides living on watery 
cooling vegetables, drinking copioully of fimple watery 
liquids, and abdaining totally from all animal" food and 
dimulating diet, may be clafled not amongd the weakeft 
of the materials proper for promoting the dedred intent, 
under circumdances where antiphlogidi.es are required. 
ANTI'PHONARY, or Antiphona'rium, f. a fer. 
vice-book, which contained all the invitatories, refponfo- 
ries, collects, and whatever elfe was fung or faid in the 
choir, except the leffons. This is otherwife called refpon- 
forium, from the refponfes therein contained. The author 
of the Roman Antiphonary w'as pope Gregory the Great. 
By the provincial conditutions of archbilhop Winchelfey, 
made at Merton, A.D. 1305, it is required, [hat one of 
thefe (hould be found in every church within the province 
of Canterbury. The ufe of them was forbidden by the 
3d and 4th of Edward VI. c. 10. 
ANTI'PHONY, f the anfwer made by one choir to 
another, when the pfalm or anthem is fung between two. 
It alfo fometimes denotes a fpecies of pfalmody, wherein 
the congregation, being divided into two parts, repeat the 
pfalms, verfe for verfe, alternately. In this fenfe anti¬ 
phony dands contradidinguilhed from fymphony, where 
the whole congregation dng together. Antiphony differs 
from refponforium, becaufe in this latter, the verfe is only 
fpoken by one perfon ; whereas in the former, the verfes 
are fung by the two choirs alternately. 
Antiphony, is alfo ufed to denote the words given 
out at the beginning of the pfalm, to which both the choirs 
are to accommodate their finging. 
Antiphony, in a more modern fenfe, denotes; a kind 
of compolition made of feveral verfes extracted out of dif¬ 
ferent pfalms, adapted to exprefs the myftepy folenmized 
on the occafion. 
ANTIPHRA'SIS, f [from am, againft, and, k, 
y L * 
