ANT 
Antique is fometitnes contradiftinguilhed from ancient, 
which llgnifies a lefs degree of antiquity. Thus antique 
architecture is frequently diftinguiflied from ancient archi¬ 
tecture. 
ANTI'QUENESS,y. The quality of being antique; 
an appearance of antiquity.—We may riifcover fomething 
venerable in the antiquencjs of the work; but we would 
fee the detign enlarged. Addifon. 
ANTI'QJLTITY,/. [antiquitas, Lat.] Old times; time 
pad: long ago.—I mention Ariftotle, Polybius, and Cicero, 
the greateft philofopher, the molt impartial hittorian, and 
the molt confummate ftatefman, of all antiquity. Addifon. 
—The people of old times ; the ancients.—That fuch pil¬ 
lars .were raifed by Seth, all antiquity has avowed. Ra¬ 
leigh. —The works or remains of old times.—As for the 
obfervation of Machiavel, traducing Gregory the Great, 
that he did what in him lay to extinguilh all heathen an¬ 
tiquities: I do not find that thofe zeals laft long; as it ap¬ 
peared in the fucceflion of Sabinian, who did revive the 
former antiquities. Bacon. —Old age ; a ludicrous fenfe.— 
Is not your voice broken? your wind Ihort? your chin 
double? your wit fingle ? and every part about you blafted 
with .antiquity? and will you yet call yourfelf young? 
Skakefpcare. —Ancientnefs; as, This ring is valuable for 
its antiquity. 
Antiquities form a very extenfive fcience, which is in- 
di.fpenfable to the theologian ; who ought to be thoroughly 
acquainted with the antiquities of the Jews, to enable him 
properly to .explain numberlefs palfages in the Old and 
New Teftaments: to the lawyer; who, without the know¬ 
ledge of the antiquities of Greece and Rome, can never 
well underhand and properly apply the greateft part of the 
Roman laws: to the phyfician and the philofopher, that 
they may have a complete knowledge of the hiftory and 
principles of the phyfic and philofophy of the ancients: 
to the critic, that he may be able to underftand and inter¬ 
pret ancient authors : to the orator and poet, who will be 
thereby enabled to ornament their writings with the moll 
elevated images, allufions, comparifons, &c. 
Antiquities are divided into facred and profane, into 
public and private, univerfal and particular, &c. hence it 
is eafy to conceive that they form a fpecies of ftudy equally 
extenfive and complicated, and with which only a very 
fmall acquaintance could have been attainable by any one 
man, if our predecefldrs had not prepared the way, by 
leaving us fuch ineftimable works as thofe of Gronovius, 
Graevius, Montfaucon, Count Caylus, Winckleman, the 
Hebraic antiquities of D. Iken of Bremen, the Grecian 
antiquities of Brunings, the Roman antiquities of Nieu- 
poort, Bibiiographia Antiquaria Joh. Alberti Fabricii pro- 
reftor at Hamburg, &c. &c. Nor muft we omit to men¬ 
tion that valuable work of Mr. Robert Wood, entitled, 
The Ruins of Palmyra, and thofe of Balbec. Alfo Stu¬ 
art and Revett’s Antiquities of Athens; the laft remains 
of which, in that land of elegance, muft be deemed of im¬ 
portance in the prefent day, when we confider, that, in 
addition to the mouldering decay of all-devouring time, 
the prefent pofTeffors of that country are converting thofe 
beautiful remains into lime, and to other ules of no high¬ 
er eftimation! 
ANTIRRHE'A,yi in botany. See Cunninghamia. 
ANTIRRH'INUM,/. [avrk^cequalis, and nafus.~] In 
botany, fnap-dragon, calves-fnout, or toad-flax. This is 
a genus of the didynamia angiofpermia clafs, ranking in 
the natural order of perfonatae. The generic characters 
are—Calyx: perianthium five-parted, permanent; divi- 
fions oblong, the two lower more gaping. Corolla: rao- 
napetalous, ringent; tube oblong, gibbous; limb bilabi¬ 
ate; upper lip bifid, reflex on the (ides; lower trifid, ob- 
tufc; palate convex, ufually clofed by a prominency be¬ 
tween the lips, produced from the under lip; the throat 
being concave beneath ; neCtary at the bale of the corolla 
produced downwards, prominent. Stamina : filaments four 
inclofed under the upper lip, nearly of the fame length 
with the corolla, yet two are (horter; anthene converging. 
Piftilfum : germ roundilh ; ftyle Ample, of the length and 
in the fituation of the ftamens; ftigma obtufe. Pericar- 
pium: capfule roundifii, obtufe, two-celled, of different 
form and aperture in the different fpecies. Seeds: very 
many; receptacles reniform, folitary, affixed to the par¬ 
tition .—EJJcntial Character. Calyx, five-leaved; corolla, 
with the bale produced downwards and nectariferous; cap¬ 
fule, two-celled. 
Species. I. Leaves angular, i. Antirrhinum cymbalaria, 
or ivy-leaved toad-flax : leaves heart-fliaped, five-lobed, 
alternate; (talks procumbent. Root perennial, fibrofe, 
inferring itfelf fo into the crevices of walls and rocks as 
fcarcely to be eradicated. Stalks numerous, growing in 
a tuft, creeping at bottom, branched, round, purplilh, and 
ftringy. Leaves roundilh, Ihining, fomewhat flefhy, fome 
Oppolite, others alternate, frequently purplilh: lobes of 
the lower ones blunt, upper acute, the fmalleft only three- 
lobed. Seeds black, roundilh, wrinkled like the nut of the 
walnut. The whole plant is fmooth, and has a difagreea- 
ble fmell. It varies with a white flower. Linnaeus has a 
fancy that this plant might be produced from the impreg¬ 
nation of antirrhinum clatine by the pollen of campanula 
htedertefolia. It grows wild on old walls at Bafi), Baden, 
and many other towns of Switzerland, where, however, 
Haller fays, it was unknown in the time of Cherler. In 
Germany, as at Heidelberg; Ilaerlem in Holland; alfo 
about Paris, and molt of the towns in the fouth of France. 
It is a native of Italy; from whence it came to us, accor¬ 
ding to Miller, and is now Common on the walls in and 
near London, that are within reach of the Thames; as on 
the Temple walls, &c. and on thofe of' the phytic-garden 
at Chelfea; whence it probably originated about London. 
Dr. Richardfon remarked it in the quarries about Darford 
in Yorkfhire: and it lias long grown upon the walls about 
the old manor-houfe, at Dry Drayton, in Cambridgefhire; 
alfo at Burleigh, by Stamford, &c. Johnfon (in Gerard) 
calls it Italian baftard navel-zvort, and does not hint at its 
being wild in his time. Parkinfon, a few years after fays, 
that it groweth naturally in divers places of our land. It 
is one of the plants adapted to the ornament of rock- 
work, which it will cover, if moift, with a thick tapeftry ; 
and flowers from June to October. 
2. Antirrhinum pilofum, oV hairy-leaved toad-flax: 
leaves kidney-lhaped, very hairy, alternate; ftalks pro¬ 
cumbent. This fpecies is found on the Alps, and is of 
the fame lize with the foregoing. 
3. Antirrhinum elatine, or Sharp-pointed toad-flax or 
fluellin: leaves haftate, alternate ; ftalks procumbent. It 
is more bitter than the other forts, and the expreffed juice 
of the plant, or the di(tilled water, is affirmed to check 
foul- ulcers. It varies with blue flowers. This grows wild 
in corn-fields, in Italy, Carniola, Switzerland, France, 
Germany, and England; flowering vvrth us from July to 
October. 
4. Antirrhinum fpurium, or round-leaved toad-flax or 
fluellin: leaves ovate, alternate ; ftalks procumbent. This 
differs from the laft, in having all the leaves ovate, or 
roundilh, fometimes (lightly toothed ; and the fpur shorter 
than the body of the corolla. It is rather a larger plant; 
the Items are more branched, and the leaves are more 
hairy. It is found among corn, and flowers at the fame 
feafon with the foregoing. It grows wild in the fields of 
Germany, England, France, and Italy. 
;. Antirrhinum cirrhofum,or tendrilled toad-flax : leaves 
haftate, alternate; Items fpreading ; petioles every where 
tendrilled. Native of Egypt. Annual. 
6. Antirrhinum FEgyptiacum, or Egyptian toad-flax: - 
leaves haftate, alternate ; Item erect, very branching; pe¬ 
duncles ftiffifti. This refembles the third fpecies; and is 
an Egyptian plant, as its name implies. 
II. Leaves oppofite. 7. Antirrhinum triphyllum, or 
three-leaved toad-flax : leaves ternate, ovate. This is an 
annual plant, which rifes with an upright branching ftalk 
near a foot and a half high, with oval linooth grey leaves, 
placed often by threes, and fometimes by pairs oppofite- 
