77$ ANT 
flowered toad-flax : ftem herbaceous upright, lower leaves 
in fours, upper ones alternate, flowers very fmall, fpur 
fliort interior. Root annual. Native of Spain near Ma¬ 
drid; flowering there in March and April. 
49. Antirrhinum reticulatum, or reticulate toad-flax: 
leaves linear channelled fcattered, thofe on the radical 
fhoots generally in fives, calyx hairy, flower-ftalks fhorter 
than the braCtes. Root perennial, branched. It was dif- 
eovered in Algiers by -prcfeflbr Desfontaines, of Paris, 
who fent it to the royal garden, whence the feeds w ere 
communicated to Dr. Smith, by M. Thouin. 
50. Antirrhinum pygmaeum, or dwarf toad-flax : leaves 
fagittate, peduncles capillaceous. This has the appear¬ 
ance of convolvulus arvenfts, but is much fmaller. 
51. Antirrhinun aerugineum : lower leaves in fours li¬ 
near, flowers in racemes, the upper leaflet of the calyx 
twice as long as the reft. This is an annual plant. Na¬ 
tive of Spain. 
52. Antirrhinum hexandrum: leaves oppofite cordate- 
ovate ferrate, peduncles axillary one-flowered. Native of 
the ifland of Otaheite in the South Seas. 
Propagation and Culture. Ivy-leaved toad-flax will 
thrive in any foil or fituation, fo that, where it is once 
eftablifhed, it will be difficult to root it out, for the feeds 
will get into any joints of walls, &c. and there grow and 
and propagate themfelves plentifully. The ftalks alfo put 
out roots at their joints, and thus fpread themfelves to a 
great diftance. The feeds of the third and fourth forts 
ripen in autumn, and fhould be fown, or permitted to fcat- 
ter, at that time: if they are fown in tlje fpring, they fel- 
dom grow the fame year. They are weeds in corn-fields, 
but are rarely feen among fpring-fown corn, in thofe lands 
where they commonly grow. If fome of the feeds of the 
three-leaved toad-flax are fowm in autumn upon a warm 
dry border, the plants will live through the wdnter, unlefs 
the froft proves very fevere; and will grow larger, flower 
earlier, and afford good feeds. Such of the plants as are 
not natives of Britain may be eafily propagated, for they 
require but little care, except the fifteenth and twenty- 
ninth forts; which fhould be placed under a common hot¬ 
bed frame during the winter, letting them enjoy as much 
free air as pollible in mild weather: the twenty-third alfo 
fucceeds beft in a pot or on rock-work ; and it is apt to be 
loft, like other fmall Alpine plants, for want of proper 
treatment and care. Common toad-flax is feldom culti¬ 
vated in gardens; for it is a very troublefome plant to 
keep within bounds, the roots being very apt to fpread. 
The flowers however make a pretty appearance; a few 
plants therefore might be allowed a place, efpecially if 
the roots were confined in pots. All the varieties of fnap- 
dragon are raifed from feeds, which fhould be fown in a 
dry foil, not too rich, either in April or May ; and in Ju¬ 
ly the plants may be planted out into large borders, where 
they will flower the fpring following; or they may be 
fown early in the fpring, for fiow;ering the fame autumn, 
but then they are not fo likely to endure the winter; and, 
if the autumn prove bad, they will not perfect their feeds. 
Any of the forts may be continued, by planting cuttings 
in the fummer months, which will eafily take root. They 
are all pretty ornaments in a garden, and, requiring very 
little culture, are rendered more acceptable. They are 
hardy plants, and will refift the cold of our winters ex¬ 
tremely well, efpecially if they are planted on a dry, gra¬ 
velly, or fandy, foil: for, when they are planted in a rich 
moift foil, they will grow very luxuriant for a time, but 
are very fubjeCt to rot in autumn or winter; and are much 
more fufceptible of cold, than when they are in a dry, 
hungry, rocky, foil; thefe plants will grow amongft ftones, 
or the joints of old walls, where they may be placed fo 
as to render fome abjeft part of a garden very agreeable, 
for they will continue in flower feveral months; and, if 
the feeds are permitted to fhed, there will be a continual 
fupply of young plants, without any trouble. Wherever 
thefe plants are defigned to grow on walls, or on a rocky 
barren foil, the feeds fhould be fown the beginning of 
ANT 
March, where they are defigned to remain; for if th e 
plants are firft raifed in a better foil, and afterward tranf- 
planted into thofe places, they feldom fucceed well. When- 
the plants are come up, they will require no other culture 
but to keep them clear from weeds ; and, where they come 
up too thick, to pull fome of them out, fo as to give them 
room to grow. In July they will begin to flower, and 
will continue flowering till the froft prevents them. Thofe 
plants which grow on walls will have ftrong woody ftems, 
which will continue two or three years or more, and are 
rarely hurt by froft. 
ANTIR'RHIUM, a promontory at the mouth of the 
Corinthian bay, where it is fcarcely a mile broad, and 
where it feparates the ^Etolians from the Peloponnefus; fo 
called from its oppofite lituation to Rhium in Peloponne¬ 
fus : both are now called the Dardanelles of Lepanto. 
ANTISAPBATA'RIANS, a modern religious feel, 
who oppofe the qbfervance of the Chriftian fabbath. The 
great principle of the Antifabbatarians is, that the Jewifh 
fabbath was only of ceremonial, not moral, obligation; and 
confequently is abolifhed by the coming of Chrift. 
ANTISAGO'GE,yi in rhetoric, a figure differing lit—* 
tie from that called concejjion. The following paffage from 
Cicero is an inftance of it: Difficilis ratio belli gerendi-, at 
plena fidei, plena pietatis: et fi dicas, magnus labor, multa pe- 
ricula proponuntur ; at gloria ex his immortalis cjl confer utur a. 
ANTIS'CIky. [from asm and o-ma, Gr.J In geogra¬ 
phy, the people v.'ho inhabit on different fidesof the equa¬ 
tor, who confequently at noon have their fhadows projected 
oppofite ways. Thus the people of the north ar e antifeii 
to thofe of the fouth; the one projecting their fltadows at 
noon toward the north pole, and the other toward the 
fouth pole. The word has no Angular. 
ANTIS'CIANS, f. in aftrology, certain degrees in the 
zodiac, anfwering one to the other. 
ANTISCORBU'TIC, adj. [from anti, and fcorbutum , 
Lat. thefeurvy.] Good againft the feurvy.—The warm an- 
tifcorbutics, animal diet, and animal falts, are proper. Ar- 
buthnot. 
ANTISCORBU'TIC AL, adj. [from anti, and fcorbu¬ 
tum, Lat. the feurvy.J Good againft the feurvy.—The 
warm antifcorbutical plants, in quantities, will occafion (link¬ 
ing breath, and corrupt the blood. Arbuthnot. 
ANTISEP'TICS, f. [from am, againft, and cwrixa, 
Gr .feplics, or purifiers.] Such things as refift or correft 
putrefaction. A complete putrefaction is not a complaint 
of the human machine that can be an objeCt of practice, 
becaufe it cannot take place in any confiderable portion of 
the body without extinguifhing life: it is therefore a ten¬ 
dency to it in any confiderable degree, which, producing 
various morbid diforders, requires the utmoft aid cf the 
medical art to prevent. Now, as this tendency may be 
brought on by excefs of heat and motion, as well as re¬ 
ceiving any ferment into the vafcular fyftem; and as, when 
once fixed, and begun to exert its deleterious aClion, it 
induces languor and great debility in the moving powers: 
the reafon may be obferved, why our antifeptic clafs of 
medicines exhibit, according to the conception received 
of their aCfion, fuch apparently contradictory views; for 
we find both volatile and neutral falts in the fame arrange¬ 
ment ; the former confidered as highly heating, and ftrOng- 
ly ftimulant of the moving powers; the other, cooling 
the fyftem, and mitigating vafcular aftion. Hence then 
it is apparent, that they are only applicable in different 
itates of putrefeent aftion, or in different conftitutions af- 
feCted with putrefcency. And not unlikely the fame may 
hold good with acids and alkalies; for they are both enu¬ 
merated under antifeptics. They have been properly di¬ 
vided into four heads: 1. Such as are cooling: acid falines, 
neutral falts. 2. Stimulant; wine, alcohol, oil of turpen¬ 
tine. 3. Tonic: Peruvian bark, wormwood, chamomile. 
4. Aniifpafmodic: camphor, affafoetida, mufk. All which 
furnifh examples of the particular divifions. From the 
nature of thefe, we readily know in what particular dates 
each is inapplicable : where there is peculiar fenfibility of 
3 tlie 
