ANT 
or that in the maxillary or jaw-bone; antrum pylori, or 
that at the bottom of the pylorus, &c. 
AN'TWERP, a large handfome town of Brabant, with 
a ftrong citadel, leated on the Scheldt. About 200 years 
ago it was the greateft emporium of trade in Europe; but 
the civil wars, that were the confequence of the tyranny of 
Philip II. diminilhed that commerce, which was almoft 
annihilated in 1648, when, by the treaty of Munlter, be¬ 
tween Spain and the United Provinces, the navigation of 
the Scheldt, to large fhips, was Ihut. Upon the feven 
United States of Holland being thus declared a free (late, 
and the navigation of the Scheldt yielded to them, the 
Dutch built forts upon the river, to hinder all fhips from 
coming up, except fuch as paid them cuffom ; and after 
that time the trade was principally removed from Antwerp 
to Amfterdam, till then an inconfiderable town; but, by 
the late revolution, all thefe reflriftions are done away. 
The (freets of Antwerp are large and regular, their num¬ 
ber 212, belides twenty-two public fquares : the harbour 
is very commodious, the river being 400 yards wide, and, 
at the time of high water, twenty-two feet deep; fo that 
large vefTels may come up to the quay ; and, by the canals, 
from the river to the doors of the houfes. The public 
buildings are very handfome, and at lead 200 in number. 
The church of Notre Dame, which is the cathedral, is al¬ 
lowed to be one of the mod admirable pieces of architec¬ 
ture in all Europe. It is more than 500 feet long, 240 
broad, and 340 high, and contains dxty-dx chapels, en¬ 
riched with columns of marble, all different, and orna¬ 
mented with the mod beautiful and maderly paintings. 
The high and elegant tower contains thirty-three large 
bells. It has three principal doors of marble, embelliihed 
with gold. Its fpire is 466 feet high, with a crofs on the 
top 151. The diameter of the clock is thirty feet, and its 
circumference ninety. It has alfo two fets of chimes. The 
fine paintings of the altar are mod of them by Rubens. 
That of taking our Saviour down from the crofs, where 
the figures are as large as life, is deemed his mader-piece. 
Qifintin Maffey, the famous blackfmith of Antwerp, has 
alio inriched this cathedral with fome curious pieces. The 
anecdote of his becoming a painter, deferves here parti¬ 
cularly to be recorded. Falling in love with a painter’s 
daughter, and her father faying that die fhoitld marry 
none but a painter, Quintin Mafley went to Italy, entered 
in the Lombard School, and, in a few years, returned a 
greater painter than the father of her he admired, which 
obtained him the hand of his midrefs. He is interred at 
the entrance into this cathedral, where his effigy has this 
infcription : Connubialis amore cle Mulcibre fecit Apellcm ; 
i. e. Connubial love made Vulcan an Apelles. In this ca¬ 
thedral, Henry VIII. of England, With the then kings of 
France, the Romans, Denmark, Portugal, Poland, and 
Bohemia, were all, on the 25th of January, 1355, made 
by Philip II. of Spain, knights of the order of the Golden 
Fleece. The exchange cod 300,000 crowns. From this 
building Sir Thomas Grelham took the model of the Royal 
Exchange in London, as did the burghers of Amderdam 
for that city. The town-houle is a grand piece of archi¬ 
tecture, and dands in the great market-place. The houfe 
of the Hanfe-Tov ns, built for the accommodation of the 
ooderlingen, or eadern merchants from the Baltic, is a 
fquare building of iione. In the middle dory, which has 
a gallery quite round the fquare, there are 300 lotjging- 
rooms: the cellars ferve for fiables. It is' twenty-two 
miles north of BruHels, twenty-two north-ealtof Ghent, 
and llxty-five fouth of Amderdam ; fituated in lat. 31.12. 
N. Ion. 4. 13. E. 
In 1383, Antwerp underwent a remarkable fiege by the 
duke of Parma. In order to fucceed, he was obliged to 
cut off the communication of the city with Holland, Ghent, 
and all places both above and below the town. To effedt 
this, he laid dege to I.ifkenfhouk and Tillo, places of the 
utmod confequence to the fecurity and commerce of Ant¬ 
werp: both were obdinately defended; and the fiege of 
Tillo was railed, after it had been carried on for three 
3 I 
A N XT 7 s 3 
months: however, the duke gained feveral other pods on 
the river, where he built forts, and greatly annoyed the 
Ihipping and trade of the befieged. Finding, however, 
this method of hemming in the city was ineffectual, while 
an opening to the mouth of the river remained, he formed 
a defign of building a bridge acrofs the Scheldt, to Unit 
up the navigation. He began with collecting great quan¬ 
tities of wood at CallO and Fort St. Philip, where he in¬ 
tended the bridge Iliould be built; but his projeCt was 
for fome time retarded by the Ahtwerpers, who broke 
down the dykes, overflowed the whole country, and car¬ 
ried off his magazines by the inundation. Not difeouraged 
by this lofs, he applied himfelf diligently to repair it, and 
with incredible expedition cut a canal from Steken to 
Callo, by which he carried off the waters. He then let 
to work upon the bridge, and finilhed it in feven months, 
without the leaf! interruption from the Zealanders. Du¬ 
ring the building of this bridge, Aldegonde, governor of 
Antwerp, propofed to build a fort on Couvenfteyn dyke, 
in order to lecure that important poll, and to break down 
the dyke when the bridge was nearly finilhed : but he was 
violently oppofed by certain citizens, v ho apprehended 
that-their lands and villas would be deftroyed by the inun¬ 
dation. When the magiftrates were afterwards deliberat¬ 
ing on means for deftroying the bridge, which they might 
have prevented from being completed, Ginebeili, a Man¬ 
tuan engineer, offered his fervice, undertaking at a cer¬ 
tain expence to blow' it into the air. Even in this extre¬ 
mity the expence was grudged : but neceffity at lafl over¬ 
came this obftacle ; Ginebeili was furnilhed with two large 
veffels, a number of fmall boats, and every thing necef- 
fary. He formed the two large veflels into fire-fliips, which 
he fet adrift with the fiream, deceiving the enemy by 
means of falfe fires lighted up in the fleet of fmall boats. 
The train of one of the fire-fhips w'as expended before the 
time expefted, and Hie blew/ up with a terrible explofion, 
but with little damage to the bridge. The other was more 
fuccefsful, carrying off all the out-works, fetting fire to 
the whole bridge, and burying above 300 foldiers in the 
ruins. The fire,, however, was foon extinguilhed, and the 
bridge repaired by the duke of Parma, while the Ant- 
werpers were prevented by avarice from repeating the ex¬ 
periment ; fo that they were foon reduced to the utmoff 
diftrefs, and obliged to furrender. It is.find that the city 
of Amfterdam had obftruCted every meafure for the relief 
of Antwerp, hoping to profit by its deftruCtion. After the 
battle of Ramillies, the city of Antwerp furrendered to 
the duke of Marlborough. It was taken by the French, 
in 1746, but reftored to the houfe of Auftria at the treaty 
of Aix-la-Chapelle. 
ANU'BIS, a fymbolical deity of the Egyptians, was- 
regarded as the faithful companion of Ofiris and of Ifis. 
Temples, and priefts were confecrated to him, and his 
image was borne in all religious ceremonies. Cynopolis, 
the prefent Minich, fituated in the lower Thebais, w;as 
built in honour of Anubis. The temple w herein he was 
worfhinped no longer fubfifts. The priefts celebrated Ins 
feftivals there with great pomp, and confecrated the dog 
to him as his living reprefentation. “ Anubis (fays Strabo) 
is the city of dogs, the capital of the Cynopolitan prefec¬ 
ture. Thefe animals are fed there on facred aliments, and 
religion has decreed them a worfhip.” An event, how¬ 
ever, related by Plutarch, brought them into confiderahle 
diferedit with the people. Cambyfes having llain the god 
Apis, and thrown his body into a field, alltmimals reflect¬ 
ed it except the dogs, which alone ate of his flefin. This 
impiety diminilhed the popular veneration for them. 
The fignification of this emblematical deity is thus ex¬ 
plained by Plutarch. “ The circle which touches and fe- 
paVates the twm hemifpheres, and which is the caufe of this 
divifion, receiving the name of hoiizon, is called Anubis. 
He is reprefented under the form of a dog, becaufe that 
animal watches day and night.” St. Clemens of Alexan¬ 
dria, who was well informed of the myftic theology of the 
Egyptians, favours this explanation. The two dogs, fays. 
