7$S A P A 
the natural order of com poll t as femiflofculofie. Tlie ge¬ 
neric characters are—Calyx : common imbricate, oblong; 
j'cales leveral, linear, parallel, unequal, longitudinal, in¬ 
cumbent. Corolla: compound, imbricate, uniform; co- 
roilets hermaphrodite, numerous, equal; proper monope- 
talous, ligulate, linear, truncate, five-toothed. Stamina: 
filaments five, capillary, very fhort; antherae cylindric, tu¬ 
bular. Piftillum : germ fubovate; ftyle filiform, length 
of the flamens; fligmas two, recurved. Pericarpium : 
none; calyx oblong, ffraight. Seeds: folitary, oblong, 
fitriated; down fertile, (in the central feeds fomewhat fii- 
ped,) plumofe; rays chaffy beneath. Receptaculum: na¬ 
ked, fubvillofe.— EJfentialCharacter. Calyx, fubimbricate, 
with linear, parallel, unequal, feales ; down plumofe, fub- 
fefTile; receptacle naked, fubvillofe. 
Species, i. Apargia hifpida : the whole calyx upright; 
leaves lanceolate toothed, hifpid with forked briflles; (cape 
one-flowered, naked. Linnaeus fays that this plant has a 
linear bracte below the flower, which is not in the next 
fpecies. Our Englifh plant has the root end-bitten; the 
fem from lix to fixteen inches high ; the leaves petioled, 
lanceolate, toothed, rough and fomewhat hoary with hairs, 
which fometimes have two or three points, and fometimes 
are fimple. It is very common in meadows and pafiures, 
where it flowers earlier than the other hawkweeds, name¬ 
ly, in May. The old writers call it rough dandelion or 
dandelion hawkweed. M. Villars has taken much pains to 
fettle the fynonymes of this and the other fpecies, and to 
extricate them from the confufion under which they la¬ 
bour; but with what fuccefs we have not leifure to de¬ 
termine. The'flowers open at four in the morning, and 
clofe at three in the afternoon. 
2. Apargia hirta : the whole calyx upright, fmoothifii; 
leaves toothed, rough with hairs which are undivided ; 
feape fnvooth, without any floral leaf; outer feeds without 
down. This very much refembles the foregoing, but yet 
it is different. According to Linnaeus this is a native of 
Germany, Switzerland, France, Spain, &c. Villars con¬ 
fines it to the fouth of Europe, in hot, dry, rocky, places; 
and Leers affirms that he found it in marfliy meadows, 
flowering in July. Mr. Curtis informs us that it is fre¬ 
quent on Hampflead-heath, Barnes-common, and other 
commons about London. 
3. Apargia Danubialis: the whole calyx upright, 
fjnooth; leaves toothed, fmooth ; feape one-flowered, al- 
lnoft naked. It is found in meadows in the iflands on the 
Danube, and flowers in June. 
4. Apargia tuberofa : calyx acute hirfute, leaves run- 
cinate fcabrous. Native of Tufcany and the fouth of 
France, in meadows. 
5. Apargia autumnalis: Hem branched almoft naked, 
peduncles fcaly, leaves lanceolate toothed quite entire 
fmooth. Root perennial, the fecond or third,year dying 
at the end, and thus appearing as if bitten off. Linnaeus 
(remarks, that the flowers open at feven in the morning, 
and clofe at three in the afternoon. It is difficult, he fays, 
to determine, under what genus it fhould be placed ; fince 
it differs from fcorzoncra in its fertile egret, from c rep is in 
its fimple imbricatecalyx, from leontodon in its feffile plu- 
inofe egret. This fpecies is fubjcCt to many variations: 
having the leaves fmooth, or hairy; toothed, fmuate-tooth- 
ed, or pinnatifid, with the teeth quite entire; the calyx 
fmooth or hirfute ; the (lem fimple or branched, with one, 
two, three, or more, flowers, naked or fcaly. It is com¬ 
mon in pafiures, flowering from July to Oftober. Ac¬ 
cording to the obfervations in the Amaenitates Academi¬ 
cs, horfes, goats, and fwine, eat it, but cows and flieep 
refufe it. Our old Englifh writers name it yellow dcuil's 
hit, /mall hare's hawkweed, ovjmall hawkweed with bitten roots. 
(>. Apargia Pyrenaica : peduncles fcaly, leaves lanceo¬ 
late with very few teeth, calyxes villofe, root end-bitten. 
Native of the fouth of Europe. Perennial. 
7. Apargia taraxaci: peduncles fomewhat fcaly at the 
top, leaves entire or pinnatifid fmooth, calyx woolly, root 
end-bitten. E.oot perennial, oblique, alnioft creeping} 
A P A 
end-bitten, large, with firong fibres, longer than the plant 
itlelf. Linmeus, who placed it in the genus hitracium, doubts 
whether b be a mule plant, or a new fpecies. This plant 
was gathered in 1,573, in the mountains of Lapland, by 
Dan. Ch. Solander, LL. D. It has fince been obferved 
in leveral parts of the fouth of Europe, in mountainous 
filiations ; and with us both in Wales and Scotland. It 
flowers in July. Perhaps there may be other fpecies which 
belong properly to this genus; but they are moftly com¬ 
mon w r eeds in pafture, and not of much known ufe. 
A'PARINE,/! in botany. See Asperugo, Galium, 
Shf.rardia, Valantia, and Utricularia. 
APARI'NES. See Ammannia. 
APARlTHME'SIS,yi in rhetoric, denotes the anfwer 
to the protafis or proportion itfelf. Thus, if the protafis 
be, Apellandi tempus non erat, tire aparithmelis is, At te¬ 
cum anno plus vixi. 
APA'RT, adv. [h part, Fr.] Separately from the reft in 
place.—Since I enter into that quefiion, it behovethmeto 
give reafon for my opinion, with circumfpeCtion; becaufe 
I walk afide, and in a way apart from the multitude. Ra- 
leigh. —In a (late of diftinition ; as, To fet apart for any ufe: 
The tyrant (hall demand yon facred load, 
And gold and veffels fet apart for God. Prior. 
DiftinCtly.—Mofes firfl nameth heaven and earth, putting 
waters but in the third place, as comprehending waters in 
the word earth; but afterwards he nameth them apart. 
Raleigh. 
APART'MENT, f. [apartment , Fr.] A part of the 
houfe allotted to the ufe of any particular perfon; a room ; 
a fet of rooms: 
Me, pale as death, defpoil’d of his array, 
Into the queen’s apartment takes his way. Dryden. 
APARITHME'NUS,y'. in the ancient poetry, an ap¬ 
pellation given to a verfe, which comprehended an entire 
fenfe or fentence in itfelf. This is fometimes alfo written 
apartemenus, i. e. fufpended, as not needing any following 
verfe. 
APA'TFl,/. in botany. See Latuca. 
APA'THES, J. [from a, priv. and TraS^, Gr. an affec¬ 
tion or paflion. ] Thofc who feem to be void of human 
palfions. This temper is alfo carried to that inflexible 
fiernnefs which extinguiflies the affections of humanity, as 
was infianced in Diogenes the Cynic, andTimon. 
AP'ATHY,/ [«, not, and Gr. feeling.] The 
quality of not feeling; exemption from paflion; freedom 
from mental perturbation: 
In lazy apathy let fioics boaft 
Their virtue fix’d; ’tis fixed-as in frofi, 
Contracted all, retiring to the bread; 
But firength of mind is ekercife, not refl. Pope. 
The fioics affeCted an entire apathy : they eonfidered it 
as the higheft wifdom to enjoy a perfeCt calmnels or tran¬ 
quillity of mind, incapable of being ruffled by either plea- 
fure or pain. In the firft ages of the church, the Chrif- 
tians adopted the term apathy to exprefs a contempt of all 
earthly concerns; a fiate of mortification, fuch as the 
golpel preferibes. Clemens Alexaodrinus, in particular, 
brought it exceedingly in vogue ; thinking hereby to draw 
the philofophers to Chriftianity, who afpired after fucli a 
fublime pitch of virtue. Quietifm is only apathy difgui- 
fed under the appearance of devotion 
APATU'RIA,/. [from carccm, Gr. fraud.] A folemn 
feafi celebrated by the Athenians in honour of Bacchus. 
It is faid to have been inftituted in memory of a fraudulent 
victory obtained by Melanthus king of Athens over Xan- 
thus icing of Boeotia, in a (ingle combat, which they 
agreed upon, to put an end to a difpute between them re¬ 
lating to the frontiers of their countries. Hence Budaeus 
calls it fejlum deceptionis, “ the feafi of deceit.” But other 
authors give a different etymology of this feafi. 
APAU'LIA,/ in antiquity, the third day of a mar¬ 
riage folemnity. It was thus called, becaufe the bride, re¬ 
turning 
